• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its associated societal responses are anticipated to have wide-ranging effects on youth development and mental health. Depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the three most common mental health problems among university students. Many factors that can threaten mental health during the outbreak affect these three conditions, as well as sleep conditions, in undergraduate students. Thus, determining how these abrupt changes in students' circumstances impact their mental health is very important from a public health perspective. Methods: We investigated the usual conditions and changes in ADHD symptoms during the outbreak, in relation to depressive and sleep-related symptoms among undergraduate students. A total of 252 students, primarily juniors, completed the online survey. Results: The results showed that 12% of the students exceeded the cut-off score of the ADHD questionnaire before the pandemic. Approximately 6%-21% of the university students, especially those with ADHD traits, rated their ADHD behaviors as worse during the outbreak than that before the outbreak. Conclusion: Female students and undergraduates with ADHD traits are more susceptible to experiencing further deterioration of ADHD (inattention) symptoms during the pandemic. In cases where it is difficult to intervene with ADHD symptoms, approaching circadian rhythm or depression will be of considerable clinical use.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.437-448
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• 2024

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a rapidly increasing neurodevelopmental disorder but currently available treatments are associated with abuse risk, side effects, and incomplete symptom relief. There is growing interest in exploring complementary options, and ginseng has gained attention for its therapeutic potential. This systematic review aimed to assess current evidence on the efficacy of ginseng and its active components, ginsenosides, for ADHD. Eligible studies were identified through searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria included both human and animal studies that investigated the effects of ginseng or ginsenosides on ADHD. The risk of bias was assessed according to study type. Six human studies and three animal studies met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that ginseng and ginsenosides may have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms, particularly inattention, through dopaminergic/norepinephrinergicmodulation and BDNF/TrkB signaling. Ginseng and ginsenosides have promising potential for ADHD treatment. Due to limitations in evidence quality, such as the risk of bias and variability in study designs, larger controlled studies are essential. Integrating ginseng into ADHD management may have valuable implications for individuals seeking well-tolerated alternatives or adjunctive therapies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.465-472
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• 2024

The study examined how a specialized program combining art therapy and social skills training can reduce core ADHD symptoms in a child. This case study focused on a first-grade male student diagnosed with ADHD and involved 12 weekly sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, conducted at a counseling center in Seoul. The study's effectiveness was measured through pre- and post-assessments using the scales for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, and the process of change was analyzed qualitatively. The results indicated a decrease in attention deficit and noticeable improvements in hyperactivity and impulsivity following the intervention. These findings suggest that integrating art therapy with social skills training is an effective approach for alleviating primary ADHD symptoms, providing a promising strategy for treating children with ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2006

Objectives : The study was conducted to investigate the effect of intelligence ability on attention using Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Methods : 56 children with ADHD (52 boys, 4 girls) and 41 children in normal (28 boys, 13 girls) were sampled, their age range was 7 to 15. They performed IQ test and ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS) in order to examine intelligence and attention. Participants were divided into normal group and ADHD group, average IQ level children and superior IQ level children. Then ADS variables (omission error, commission error, reaction time, reaction time deviation, response sensitivity, and response criterion) were analyzed. Results : There was no significant interaction effect between group (normal, ADHD) and intelligence (average, superior). But there was significant difference between normal group and ADHD group in omission error, commission error, reaction time deviation, and response sensitivity. Also average level IQ group had significantly showed more omission, greater reaction time deviation, and lower response sensitivity than superior level IQ group. Conclusion : ADHD group has attention deficit than normal group, and CPT is available tool to detect attention problems. These findings indicate that intelligence can contaminate inattention and cognitive impulsivity thus it compensates for attention deficit. And it suggests that intelligence effect is considered in analyzing CPT in ADHD children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1990

60 Attention-deficit hyperactive patients treated with stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate and pemoline were evaluated in regards to the therapeutic benefit and side effects of these drugs. The results were as follows : 1) Of the 60 subjects 34 showed considerable imporvement and only 8 showed little or no improvement. 2) Hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity were improved markedly by stimulants These behavioral changes were accompanied by improved performance in classroom. 3) School age children tended to show more improvement than preschool children or adolescence. 4) Of the 60 subjects 25 showed no side effect and only 6 showed severe side effects, and common side effects were decreased appetite, insomnia and irritability or nervousness. It is the author's impression that despite of the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs when they were administered on a short-term basis, long-term outcome dose not seem to be altered by the administration of these agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2016

Control Chart is a graph which dots the characteristic values of a process. It is the tool of statistical technique to keep a process in controlled condition. It is also used for investigating the state of a process. Therefore many companies have used Control Chart as the tool of statistical process control (SPC). Products from a production process represent accidental dispersion values around a certain reference value. Fluctuations cause of quality dispersion is classified as a chance cause and a assignable cause. Chance cause refers unmanageable practical cause such as operator proficiency differences, differences in work environment, etc. Assignable cause refers manageable cause which is possible to take actions to remove such as operator inattention, error of production equipment, etc. Traditionally ${\bar{x}}-R$ control chart or ${\bar{x}}-s$ control chart is used to find and remove the error cause. Traditional control chart is to determine whether the measured data are in control or not, and lets us to take action. On the other hand, RNELCC (Reflected Normal Expected Loss Control Chart) is a control chart which, even in controlled state, indicates the information of economic loss if a product is in inconsistent state with process target value. However, contaminated process can cause control line sensitive and cause problems with the detection capabilities of chart. Many studies on robust estimation using trimmed parameters have been conducted. We suggest robust RNELCC which used the idea of trimmed parameters with RNEL control chart. And we demonstrate effectiveness of new control chart by comparing with ARL value among traditional control chart, RNELCC and robust RNELCC.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.376-386
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• 2001

I. Background The problem of discharging patients from hospital have been well documented in the literature over the last 20 years. They included poor communication between hospital and community, inadequate notice of discharge, over-reliance on informal support and lack of statutory support, inattention to patients needs before leaving hospital, and wasted or duplicated visits by community nurses. Most patients discharged from hospital are able to return home with little or no support, while others will require a 'package of care' to support them back to good health. Patient with complex care needs, including the frail elderly and those with mental health problems, may require continuing care in special housing, residential, or nursing homes. With this population,effective discharge arrangement is needed and the study on this problem is urgent in Korea because the Medical Reform Project is on suspension of success. II. Results of the Study: 1. Discharge service needs assessed on 360 elderly patients who were hospitalized during the survey period at four university hospitals. Patients want to know the information on disease management after discharge. Follow-up telephone service is the most frequently checked service. 2. Multidisciplinary Discharge Planning is recommended at the hospital level to reduce the readmission and decrease the length of stay. 3. Further research is needed to validate and test the assumption of the solution which is developed in this research.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.409-416
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• 2013

Attention is one of important cognitive functions in human affecting on the selectional concentration of relevant events and ignorance of irrelevant events. The discrimination of attentional and inattentional status is the first step to manage human's attentional capability using computer assisted device. In this paper, we newly combine the non-linear recurrence pattern analysis and spectrum analysis to effectively extract features(total number of 13) from the electroencephalographic signal used in the input to classifiers. The performance of diverse types of attention-inattention classifiers, including supporting vector machine, back-propagation algorithm, linear discrimination, gradient decent, and logistic regression classifiers were evaluated. Among them, the support vector machine classifier shows the best performance with the classification accuracy of 81 %. The use of spectral band feature set alone(accuracy of 76 %) shows better performance than that of non-linear recurrence pattern feature set alone(accuracy of 67 %). The support vector machine classifier with hybrid combination of non-linear and spectral analysis can be used in later designing attention-related devices.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.161-174
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• 2003

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is one of the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. It is distinguished by symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. The etiology of ADHD is unknown, and the disorder may several different causes. The pharmacotherapy most widely used for ADHD occasionally gives rise to ill effects. The studys of ADHD were approached from the viewpoint of medicine and pedagogics, but it is rare from the viewpoint of the Korean Medicine. So, we searched for the studies on ADHD of Chinese Traditional Medicine(TCM) in last eight years(1995-2002). In TCM, ADHD was placed under the category of 'wind(風)-one of the five pathogenic factors', 'insomnia(失眠)', 'forgetfulness(健忘)' and 'restlessness(躁動)', etc. Jang and Bu(the internal organs; 臟腑) related with the differentiations of syndrome about ADHD were liver(肝), heart(心), spleen(脾), kidney(腎) and gallbladder(膽). Among them, liver(肝), kidney(腎) and spleen(脾) were important. The herbal medicines used in ADHD had the effects of spirit-calming(安神), orifices-opening(開竅), Eumyang-balance(陰陽平衡). And acupuncture therapy, ear-acupuncture therapy and dietary treatment, etc. were used in the treatment of ADHD. We expect that this review about ADHD in TCM help the clinical study of ADHD in Korean Medicine.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1975

The acid treatment hatching method has been used practically for about 60 years and a number of investigators have studied about the artificial hatching for silkworm e99s, but the basic theory about the acid treatment hatching is not clarified yet. It is no exaggeration to say that the accidents of non hatching is continued ceaselessly in the silkworm egg by hydrochloric acid treatment. It is believed that the accident is due to the adulterants in HCl lather than inattention of acid treatment. Therefore, the authors mixed hydrochloric acid (analytical grade) with or added it to chemical ingredients which are possible to be included in the process of hydrochloric acid production, and treated it to summer and fall silkworm egg. The metalic adulterants such as iron, mercury, lead and arsenic are appeared not to be worried, but damage of SO$_3$ and free chlorine is seemed to lie considerable. Therefore, before acid treatment for hatching hydrochloric acid was warmed to 50$^{\circ}C$ with shaking to evaporate several injurious gases, by whick the damage due to use of hydrochloric acid for acid treatment hatching is prevented considerably. In conclusion, it is recommended to pretest bioassay with every HCl samples before artificial hatching of silkworm egg.