• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.39.1-39.18
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• 2022

RNA metabolism plays a central role in regulating of T cell-mediated immunity. RNA processing, modifications, and regulations of RNA decay influence the tight and rapid regulation of gene expression during T cell phase transition. Thymic selection, quiescence maintenance, activation, differentiation, and effector functions of T cells are dependent on selective RNA modulations. Recent technical improvements have unveiled the complex crosstalk between RNAs and T cells. Moreover, resting T cells contain large amounts of untranslated mRNAs, implying that the regulation of RNA metabolism might be a key step in controlling gene expression. Considering the immunological significance of T cells for disease treatment, an understanding of RNA metabolism in T cells could provide new directions in harnessing T cells for therapeutic implications.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 1999

A field plot experiment was carried out on mixed pasture from October 1995 to October 1997 to examine the effect of weed control as affected by the difference of mixed pasture species, planning with spilt plot design which main plots of 2 treatments (companion crop Italian ryegrass Lolium multiflorum and Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis) are divided into subplots of 4 treatments (T1: single companion crop, T2: Tall fescue Festuca arundinasea + Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata + Ladino clover Trifolium repens, T3 : Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne + orchardgrass + ladino clover, T4 : orchardgrass + ladino clover). Average 2 year-dry matter yields of companion crops as whole plots, Italian ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, were 15,437kg/ha and 14,629kg/ha, respectively and those of T1, T2, T3 and T4 as sub plots were 14,815, 15,407, 14,629 and 15,187kg/ha respectively without statistical1y significant difference(P>0.05). Though there was no significant difference between the dry matter yields of Italian ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, as whole plots, at 1st harvest of second year, dry matter yields of T3 and T4, as 4,591kg/ha and 4,816kg/ha respectively, were higher than those of T1, 3,376kg/ha(P<0.05), significantly. There was a significant difference among 2nd year-average DM yields of sub plots(P<0.05), showing highest with T4 15,131kg/ha and least with T1 13,085kg/ha and T3 13,269kg/ha. Italian ryegrass, as the companion crop, was better for the control of weeds in the early spring than Kentucky bluegrass, but reached to the similar botanical composition level with Kentucky bluegrass after summer with rapid decrease of Italian ryegrass. Percentage of Kentucky bluegrass in botanical composition increased slowly, but did'nt become an important factor for the control of weeds at the end of this experiment. Using orchardgrass in mixed pasture such as T2, T3 and T4 made weeds more decreased in mixed pasture than one in single conpanion crop. There was no difference among treatments of whole or sub plots in crude protein contents of pasture taken in this study. Contents of NDF and ADF of companion crop. Italian ryegrass plots harvested in October 1997 were hither than those of Kentucky bluegrass plots(P<0.05). ADF contents of Kentucky blue grass-plots taken in July 1997 has shown to be high significantly as compared to those of Italian ryegrass plots(P<0.01). The results of this study support that the companion crop Italian ryegrass was good for weed controls only in spring of 1st year after sowing and orchardgrass in mixed pastures played good roles for increase of dry matter yield and weed control.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

IoT means things space networks that form the intelligent relationship such as sensing, networking, information processing about human being, things and service without explicit mutual cooperation of human being. Lately many IoT groups such as AllSeen Alliance, OIC launched a platform for IoT. Self-adaptive is aimed at implementation without the need for decisions of human being during the operation, so that the machine can respond to changes in its own determination. There is a need to apply the concept of self-adaptive to existing IoT and IoT platform. So In this paper, We look for trends of existing IoT, IoT platform and comparisons by applying a self-adaptive concept to IoT, IoT platform. In addition as an example of this paper, we suggest lacking self-adaptive elements to OIC.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.533-539
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• 2004

It has been reported that CLA decreases fat deposition in vivo and in vitro experiments. Among CLA isomers, c9t11 and t10c12 have been shown to exert active biological activities. For example, t10c12 reduces body weight and increases lean body mass, whereas, c9t11 has little effect on body fattness. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for the anti-obesity action of CLA isomers are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of t10c12 and c9t11 on lipid accumulation, cell proliferation, cell death and the expression levels of Ucp genes which are proposed as targets for anti-obesity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Isomers of CLA at 50$\mu$M were added into preadipocyte differentiation medium for 3, 6 and 9days. Control cells received only the vehicle in the differentiation medium. Cytochemical analyses for lipid accumulation, cell proliferation and apotosis were carried out to compare lipidogenesis and cellular activity. RT-PCR analysis of GAPDH, Ucp 2,3 and 4 were also performed to find any modulatory effects of CLA isomers on the metabolic genes. Lipid accumulation indicated by Oil Red-O staining was inhibited in CLA isomers as compared to the control. T10c12 isomer showed less lipidogenesis than c9t11 did. A decrease occurred in CLA isomers as shown by BrdU incorporation. Apotosis has occured at higher level in t10c12 when compared to that of t9c11. Ucp 2, 3 and 4 genes were also upregulated in CLA isomers. T10c12 showed higher level of Ucp gene expressions than the c9t11 did. The biological activities of CLA isomers were also found to be different during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, suggesting that different isomers may be active in certain stage of lipidogenesis. The results indicate that both c9t11 and t10c12 CLA isomers decrease lipidogenesis, inhibit cell proliferation, increase cell death and upregulate in Ucp gene expressions during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. T10c12 isomer was more effective than c9t11 in overall anti-obesity activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1258-1264
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• 2009

In this study, effects of feeding Holstein cows with TMR feed, which includes un-dried citrus byproducts, on the nutritional components of their raw milk were investigated. Two kinds of raw milk from primipara cows and multipara cows were used for the experiment: T0 (raw milk produced by dairy cows not fed with TMR feed including citrus byproducts) and T1 (raw milk produced by dairy cows fed with TMR feed including citrus byproducts). For both primipara and multipara cows, there was no statistically meaningful difference between T0 and T1 in terms of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash contents or caloric content. T1 showed a lower amount of cholesterol in raw milk for both primipara and multipara cows, which was especially statistically meaningful in multipara cows (p<0.05). Regarding mineral contents in raw milk, T1 showed significantly higher amounts of Na and S in primipara cows, and Na, Cu, Fe, S in multipara cows, respectively. For both primipara and multipara cows, there were no statistically meaningful differences between T0 and T1 in terms of the total amount of amino acids in the raw milk, the composition of saturated fatty acid/unsaturated fatty acid, vitamin A, E, $B_2$ or $\beta$-carotene, while T1 showed significantly higher levels of vitamin $B_1$ in primipara cows than T0.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2613-2618
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• 2014

Aims: Dysfunction of the host immune system in cancer patients can be due to a number of factors, including lymphocyte apoptosis. Several studies showed that $Foxp3^+T$ cells take part in inducing this process by expressing FasL in tumor patients. However, the relationship between apoptosis, $CD8^+T$ cells and $Foxp3^+T$ cells in HCC patients is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between apoptosis levels and Fas/FasL expression in $CD8^+T$ lymphocytes and $Foxp3^+T$ cells in patients with HCC. Methods: $CD8^+T$ cells and $CD3^+Foxp3^+T$ cells were tested from peripheral blood of HCC patients and normal controls and subjected to multicolor flow cytometry. The expression of an apoptosis marker (annexin V) and the death receptor Fas in $CD8^+T$ cells and FasL in $CD3^+Foxp3^+T$ cells were evaluated. Serum TGF-${\beta}1$ levels in patients with HCC were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between apoptosis and Fas expression, as well as FasL expression in $CD3^+Foxp3^+T$ cells was then evaluated. Results: The frequency of $CD8^+T$ cells binding annexin V and Fas expression in $CD8^+T$ cells, were all higher in HCC patients than normal controls and the proportion of apoptotic $CD8^+T$ cells correlated with their Fas expression. Serum TGF-${\beta}1$ levels correlated inversely with $CD3^+Foxp3^+T$ cells. Conclusions: Fas/FasL interactions might lead to excessive turnover of $CD8^+T$ cells and reduce anti-tumor immune responses in patients with HCC. Further investigations of apoptosis induction in $Fas^+CD8^+T$ cells in vitro are required.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-41
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the change of perceptions related to E.M.T. profession of E.M.T. student and to provide the basic data for development of curriculum. The subjects of the survey were 216 students from 3 junior college by questionaire from November 25 to November 29, 1996 in Kwang-Ju, Cheong-Ju, and Kong-Ju. The results were analyzed using the SAS and can be summerized as follows : 1. The view on profession was a statistically significant difference inspecial knowledge & skill training (t=-1.686, P<.001), high income (t=-0.753, P<.05) 2. The view on competence as a E.M.T. was a statistically significant differncein sufficient professional knowledge on the E.M.T. (t=-1.144, P<.001), own's health (t=-0.808, P<.001), sincerity and responsibility (t=-1.429, P<.01), satisfaction and effort (t=-1.335, P<.01), boundary of affairs (t=-1.356, P<.01) 3. The view on E.M.T. profession was a statistically significant difference inprotect of pt. life & to relieve the pain (t=-2.388, P<.001) 4. The view on necessary knowledge of E.M.T. was a statistically significant difference in patient assessment (t=-2.168, P<.001), ACLS (t=1.678, P<.001), hemorrhage & shock (t=-3.252, P<.001), trauma (t=-4.284, P<.001), cardiopulmonary disturbance (t=-2.897, P<.001), acute abdomen (t=-4.284, P<.001), neonatal disease (t=-4.032, P<.001), OBGY disease(t=-4.151, P<.001), emergency delivery (t=-2.825, P<.001), infectious disease (t=-2.930, P<.001), environmental emergency (t=-3.123, P<.05), recording(t=2.22, P<.05) 5. The view on ideology of E.M.T. was a statistically significant difference in belief & faith (t=-2.344, P<.001), knowing of own (t=-2.142, P<.01), humanity (t=-2.581, P<.05), knowing of patient (t=-2.079, P<.05).

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2014

Understanding and quantifying of carbon storage in ecosystem is very important factor for predicting change of global carbon cycle under the global climate change. We estimated total ecosystem carbon in Gyeryongsan National Park with naturally well preserved ecosystem in Korea. Vegetation of Gyeryongsan National Park was classified with mainly four communities with Quercus mongolica (1,743.5 ha, 38.0%), Quercus variabilis (1,174.0 ha, 25.6%), Quercus serrata (971.9 ha, 21.2%), Pinus densiflora (695.2 ha, 15.2%). Biomass and soil carbons were calculated from biomass allometric equations based on the DBH and carbon contents of soil and litter collected in quadrat in each community. The tree biomass carbon was in Quercus variabilis ($130.1tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($111.1tCha^{-1}$), Quercus mongolica ($76.2tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($39.0tCha^{-1}$). Soil carbon storage was in Quercus mongolica ($159.7tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($121.0tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($110.5tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($90.8tCha^{-1}$). Ecosystem carbon storage was Pinus densiflora ($239.9tCha^{-1}$), Quercus mongolica ($235.9tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($226.0tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($165.9tCha^{-1}$), total amount was $867.7tCha^{-1}$. The area of each vegetation carbon storage was Quercus mongolica ($411,200tCha^{-1}$), Quercus variabilis ($265,300tCha^{-1}$), Pinus densiflora ($166,800tCha^{-1}$), Quercus serrata ($161,200tCha^{-1}$) and the total ecosystem carbon amount estimated $1,045,400tCha^{-1}$ at Gyeryongsan National Park. Theses results indicate that different in naturally well preserved ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.139
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• pp.191-211
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• 2016

This study evaluates the flow of Taoism in the change of knowledge that accompany the passage of time beyond school-centered studies. In particular, it is to understand the Tao(道) and T'ien(天) of "Lao $Tz{\check{u}}$" and "Chuang $Tz{\check{u}}$" in the thought of T'ien at the time. The thought of T'ien at that time was based on the T'ien in "Mencius". There are two meanings of T'ien in "Mencius", and also of T'ien in "Lao $Tz{\check{u}}$" and "Chuang $Tz{\check{u}}$". This study examins that idea that the T'ien in "Lao $Tz{\check{u}}$" and "Chuang $Tz{\check{u}}$" were influenced by the thought of T'ien in "Mencius". It also reveals the T'ien theory of Wang Ch'ung(王充) which is influenced by Taoism. Also, in the course of examining the relation of T'ien theory of Wang Ch'ung with T'ien theories of "Lao $Tz{\check{u}}$" and "Chuang $Tz{\check{u}}$", it is more embodied that T'ien theories of "Lao $Tz{\check{u}}$" and "Chuang $Tz{\check{u}}$" were affected by the previous T'ien theories. Furthermore, the meanings of Tao in "Lao $Tz{\check{u}}$" and "Chuang $Tz{\check{u}}$" are revealed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1650-1655
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• 2003

Crossbred gilts (n=54) of about $26.38{\pm}0.85kg$ body weight and 25 weeks of age were randomly divided into 18 groups of 3 animals each. Three dietary treatments viz., $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ were formulated. The treatment $T_1$ containing maize grain (35%) and wheat bran (47%) along with soybean meal and fish meals served as control diet. Rice bran (RB) was selected as a single source of fat (13.02%) and fibre (17.12%), which was gradually increased in diets $T_2$ (41%) and $T_3$ (82%) replacing maize grain and wheat bran of $T_1$ at 50% and 100% in the diets $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively. The fat and fibre levels of the diets were thus 3.46 and 5.24, 9.31and 9.69 and 11.61and 13.26% in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively. All the diets, however, contained almost similar concentration of CP (18.35${\pm}0.29%$). Each dietary treatment was offered to six replicated groups of 3 piglets in following completely randomized design and feeding was continued for 112 days during the growing phase. Growth, feed utilization, reproductive performance, nutrient utilization and different blood biochemical parameters were studied. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion were lower (p<0.01) in $T_3$ in comparison to $T_1$ or $T_2$. Digestibility of all the nutrients except EE was reduced significantly (p<0.01) in $T_3$. Serum glucose level decreased (p<0.01), whereas the urea and cholesterol concentration in the blood increased (p<0.01) in $T_3$. The duration of estrus of pigs fed diet containing 82% RB ($T_3$) was highly variable within the group, but all the groups showed statistically similar duration of estrous. Feed cost per unit gain was found to be comparable between control ($T_1$) and $T_2$ group. The results indicated that RB can be included up to 41% in swine diets replacing 50% of maize and wheat bran. Higher concentrations of ether extract and fibre beyond 9.31 and 9.69% in diet had detrimental effect on growth, nutrient utilization and reproductive performance.