• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.531-534
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• 2010

Purpose: Lipobean$^{(R)}$s, widely used in lipodissolving techniques, contain phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate as its main substances. They have been approved only as medication for liver disease by the FDA. However, they have been used under various clinical settings without exact knowledge of its action mechanism. The authors designed an in vitro study to analyze the effects of different concentrations of phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate on adipocytes and other types of cells. Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cell were cultured and induced to differentiate into adipocytes. Fibroblasts extracted from human inferior turbinate tissue, and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast lines were cultured. Phosphatidylcholine solution dissolved with ethanol was applied to the culture medium at differing concentrations (1, 4, 7, 10 mg/mL). The sodium deoxycholate solution dissolved in DMSO applied to the medium at differing concentrations (0.07, 0.1. 0.4. 0.7 mg/mL). Cells were dispersed at a concentration of $5{\times}10^3$ cells/well in 24 well plates, and surviving cells were calculated 1 day after the application using a CCK-8 kit. Results: The number of surviving cells of adipocytes, fibroblasts and osteoblasts decreased as the concentration of sodium deoxycholate increased. However, all types of cells that had been processed in a phosphatidylcholine showed a cell survival rate of over 70% at all concentrations. Conclusion: This study shows that sodium deoxycholate is the more major factor in destroying adipocytes, and it is also toxic to the other cells. Therefore, we conclude that care must be taken when using Lipobean$^{(R)}$s as a method of reducing adipose tissue, for its toxicity may destroy other nontarget cells existing in the subcutaneous tissue layer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

The goal of periodontal treatment is not only to arrest the progression of the disease but also to promote the functional, esthetic regeneration of the periodontium. Flap operation, bone graft, guided tissue regeneration, growth factors and bone morphogenetic protein have been used for this purpose. Among these techniques of regeneration, alloplastic graft, especially calcium phosphate is getting more attention recently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium phosphate glass on mouse calvarial cell in vitro. The toxicity of calcium phosphate glass was measured using MTT assay, the synthesis of collagen was measured using collagen assay, and ALP activity was measured. The experimental groups were cultured with calcium phosphate glass(both AQ-, and HT-CPG) in concentration of 0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2g/ml. The results are as follows 1. In concentrations not exceeding 0.02g/ml, both the groups(AQ-CPG, HT-CPG) didn't show any toxicity on mouse calvarial cell(p<0.05). 2. In both the experimental groups are the concentration of 0.02g/ml, collagen expressions were significantly up-regulated (p<0.05). 3. In both the experimental groups are the concentration of 0.02g/ml, ALP activity was not significantly up-regulated, but ALP activity in both experimental groups were greater than control group(p<0.05). The results suggested that the use of calcium phosphate glass may promotes periodontal regeneration. Ongoing studies are necessary in order to determine their regeneration effects.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권1호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2010

식물대량증식에서 생물반응기의 이용은 규모를 대량화하고 자동화 할수 있다는 점에서 생산비를 절감할 수 있는 방법 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 유칼리 펠리타 선발목의 대량증식 체계를 확립하기 위해 4가지의 생물반응기 배양시스템에서 유칼리의 생장을 비교하였다. 배양기내에 지지물(net)을 설치하고 매 4시간마다 30분씩 액체배지를 공급한 TIN 배양(Temporary immersion with net)에서 식물체 생장이 가장 좋았다. TIN 시스템하에서 자란 식물체는 동일한 방식에 net가 없는 TIX 배양(Temporary immersion without net)에서 자란 식물체와 비교하여 초장이 3배 이상 증가하였다. 게다가 TIN 시스템에서 생산 된 식물체는 총 엽록소 함량, 엽록소 a/b, 그리고 건물중 등도 증가하였다. 위와 같은 결과는 기내 유칼리나무 생장에 중요한 요인이 식물체가 적당한 간격으로, 그리고 적당한 시간동안 배지에 노출되어야하고, net의 이용이 필수적임을 보여준다. TIN 시스템은 유칼리 클론묘의 대량생산을 위해 최적의 시스템으로 산업화를 위한 유칼리나무 대량생산시 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 1995

용담의 조직배양기술과 병행하여 기내변이주 유도와 배양체의 Gentiopicroside 함량을 비교분석한 결과 1. 정아는 $NaN_3$ $0.001M{\sim}0.003M$에서 $48{\sim}74%$의 생존율을 보였고, EMS 0.05M에서 36% 생존하였으나 생육치 못하고 고사하였으며 MNH 처리유래 식물체의 기내 생육은 양호하였다. 2. 측아는 $NaN_3$의 농도가 높아질수록 생존율이 감소되었고 EMS는 전부 고사하였으며 MNU에서는 $4{\sim}32%$생존하였다. 배양 60일경의 기내 생육은$NaN_3$와 MNU 모두 정아처리에 비하여 저조한 경향이었다. 3. 종자 처리후 발아율은 $NaN_3$는 0.001M에서 41.4%인 반면 농도가 높을수록 감소하였고, EMS는 저농도인 0.05에서만, 4.8% NMU도 1mM에만 2.8%를 보였다. 기내생육은 $NaN_3$는 무처리구와 비슷한 생육을 보였고 EMS와 MNU 처리구는 생육이 불균일한 변이 발생을 보였다. 4. 용담 조직배양체의 gentiopicroside 함량비교에서 Callus는 40일 배양한 것이 0.038%, 80일 배양한 것이 0.051% 함유하였고 shoot는 신장형이 0.426%, 위축형이 2.710%였다. 특히 뿌리에서는 신장형이 0.883%, 위축형은 1.383%로 조사되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2020

Purpose: A stability-measuring device that utilizes damping capacity analysis (DCA) has recently been introduced in the field of dental implantology. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of this device by measuring the implant stability of ex vivo samples in comparison with a resonance frequency analysis (RFA) device. Methods: Six implant beds were prepared in porcine ribs using 3 different drilling protocols to simulate various implant stability conditions. Thirty-six pork ribs and 216 bone-level implants measuring 10 mm in height were used. The implant beds were prepared using 1 of the following 3 drilling protocols: 10-mm drilling depth with a 3.5-mm-diameter twist drill, 5-mm drilling depth with a 4.0-mm-diameter twist drill, and 10-mm drilling depth with a 4.0-mm-diameter twist drill. The first 108 implants were external-connection implants 4.0 mm in diameter, while the other 108 implants were internal-connection implants 4.3 mm in diameter. The peak insertion torque (PIT) during implant placement, the stability values obtained with DCA and RFA devices after implant placement, and the peak removal torque (PRT) during implant removal were measured. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the implant stability quotient (ISQ) results obtained using the RFA device at the medial, distal, ventral, and dorsal points were 0.997, 0.994, 0.994, and 0.998, respectively. The ICCs of the implant stability test (IST) results obtained using the DCA device at the corresponding locations were 0.972, 0.975, 0.974, and 0.976, respectively. Logarithmic relationships between PIT and IST, PIT and ISQ, PRT and IST, and PRT and ISQ were observed. The mean absolute difference between the ISQ and IST values on a Bland-Altman plot was -6.76 (-25.05 to 11.53, P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of ex vivo studies, measurements made using the RFA and DCA devices were found to be correlated under a variety of stability conditions.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.413-416
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• 2019

알스트로메리아는 절화 국제 시장에서 가장 중요한 작물 중 하나이다. 특히 긴 개화기간, 다양한 꽃 색깔, 그리고 저온적응성이 높고 배양기간 동안 낮은 에너지를 필요로 한다. 알스트로메리아는 낮은 증식률, 긴 시간이 걸리는 배양 과정, 높은 바이러스 감염율 때문에 기내 배양 기술이 오늘날까지 계속해서 발전해왔다. 캘러스 유도는 직접적인 식물체 발생 방법에 비해 다양한 배양 부위를 가지고 있고 캘러스만 유지를 잘한다면 캘러스를 유지하면서 식물체 분화를 동시에 할 수 있어 대량 증식에 많은 이용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 캘러스 유도를 위한 다양한 호르몬과 품종을 비교하여 실험을 진행하였다. 마디 및 마디사이를 배양하여 실험을 진행한 결과, 8주 후부터 캘러스가 발생하기 시작하였고, 마디사이에 비해 마디에서의 캘러스 발생율이 높게 측정되었다. 또한 2,4-D와 picloram을 비교한 실험에서는 2,4-D를 처리한 배지에서 캘러스 발생율이 최대 2배 이상 높게 측정되었다. 이러한 결과를 이용하여 알스트로메리아 대량증식 시스템 체계 확립 및 신품종 육성에 도움을 줄 것이라 생각되어진다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2021

Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 is well known for many pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antidiabetes, antiinflammatory, and antiobesity properties. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are ubiquitous enzymes present in nature and are widely used for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoconjugates, and novel derivatives. We aimed to synthesize new ginsenosides from Rh2 using the recombinant GT enzyme and investigate its cytotoxicity with diverse cell lines. Methods: We have used a GT gene with 1,224-bp gene sequence cloned from Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LRGT) and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant GT protein was purified and demonstrated to transform Rh2 into two novel ginsenosides, and they were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Two novel ginsenosides with an additional glucopyranosyl (6→1) and two additional glucopyranosyl (6→1) linked with the C-3 position of the substrate Rh2 were synthesized, respectively. Cell viability assay in the lung cancer (A549) cell line showed that glucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited cell viability more potently than ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 at a concentration of 10 μM. Furthermore, glucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect in murine macrophage cells (RAW264.7), mouse embryo fibroblasts cells (3T3-L1), and skin cells (B16BL6) at a concentration of 10 μM compared with ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3. Conclusion: This is the first report on the synthesis of two novel ginsenosides, namely, glucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 and diglucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 from Rh2 by using recombinant GT isolated from L. rhamnosus. Moreover, diglucosyl ginsenoside Rh2 might be a new candidate for treatment of inflammation, obesity, and skin whiting, and especially for anticancer.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.941-946
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• 2015

호접란 신품종 '화수 5205'는 2002년 경북대에서 Phal. Happy Valentin과 Dtps. Happy Rose를 모부본으로 교배하여 육성한 $F_1$개체 중에서 육성하였다. 꽃은 선명하고 진한 적색의 대륜계이다. 2003-2004년 2년에 걸쳐 실생 300개체를 양성하여 이들 중에서 영양생장과 개화특성이 우수한 개체 02-05-205를 선발하였다. 2004년과 2005년에 1차, 2차 특성검정을 통하여 품종의 안정성과 균일성을 확인하고 '화수 5205'로 명명하였다. '화수 5205'는 화색이 선명하고 진한 적색(PN78B)이며, 화형은 안아피기로 안정되어 있다. 꽃의 길이와 폭은 각각 9.2, 12.0cm로 대형이다. 잎의 길이와 폭은 각각 24.3, 8.5cm이며 엽형은 수평이다. 기내증식율이 높고 변이가 거의 없으며 영양생장 우수하여 재배관리가 용이하다. 2009년 12월 1일 품종등록(등록번호 제2915호)하여 종자산업법에 의해 보호받고 있다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2011

Noroviruses (noroV) are the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Since noroV cannot yet be cultured in vitro and their diagnosis by electron microscopy requires at least $10^6$ viral particles/g of stool a variety of molecular detection techniques represent an important step towards the detection of noroV. In the present study, we have applied real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (real-time NASBA) for simultaneous detection of NoroV genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) using standard viral RNA. For real-time NASBA assay which can detected noroV GI and GII, a selective region of the genes encoding the capsid protein was used to design primers and genotype-specific molecular beacon probes. The specificity of the real-time NASBA using newly designed primers and probes were confirmed using standard viral RNA of noroV GI and GII. To determine the sensitivity of this assay, serial 10-fold dilutions of standard viral RNA of noroV GI and GII were used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time NASBA. The results showed that while agarose gel electrophoresis could detect RT-PCR products with 10 pg of standard viral RNA, the real-time NASBA assay could detect 100 fg of standard viral RNA. These results suggested that the real-time NASBA assay has much higher sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR assay. This assay was expected that might detect the viral RNA in the specimens which could have been false negative by RT-PCR. There were needed to perform real-time NASBA with clinical specimens for evaluating accurate sensitivity and specificity of this assay.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1993

Procedures to separate motile. normal & motile and acrosome-reacted sperm with high efficiency have clinical application in Assisted Reproductive Technology in terms of increasing the probability of fertilization by a normal sperm and subsequent normal embryonic development. This study evaluated the effects of 10 sperm preparation techniques [Swim-up from a washed pellet (SU). Swim-up from semen (SO). Continuous Percoll Gradients I (PIC). Discontinuous Percoll Gradients I (PID). Continuous Percoll Gradients II(P II C). Discontinuous Percoll Gradients II(P II D), SpermPrep (SFC). Wang's tube (WT). Albumin Gradients (AG), Low temperature capacitation (LTC)] on motility (%), normal morphology (%), motile sperm recovery rate(%). morphologically normal & motile sperm recovery rate (%), true acrosome reaction (%) and fertilizing ability. A P II D proved to be an effective means of separating morphologically normal & motile sperm. Our results indicated the P II D has advantages as compared with other methods in terms of recovery rate. enhancement of motility and normal morphology. And a LTC seems to be an effective means of enhancing the true acrosome reaction and fertilizing ability. These results suggest that the combined method of LTC and P II D for separation of morphologically normal & motile sperm and acrosome reacted sperm may be a useful procedure for intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization in the management of male factor infertility as well as for isolation of subpopulation of sperm for basic research.