• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.15-16
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• 2008

We have grown N-doped ZnO thin films on sapphire substrate by employing dielectric barrier discharge in pulsed laser deposition (DBD-PLD). DBD guarantees an effective way for massive in-situ generation of N-plasma under the conventional PLD process condition. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the N-doped ZnO film provided near band-edge emission after thermal annealing process. The emission peak was resolved by Gaussian fitting and showed a dominant acceptor-bound exciton peak ($A^0X$) that indicated the successful p-type doping of ZnO with N.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.225-234
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• 1998

연직 드레인의 이론식에서 교란효과와 배수저항에 관련된 변수들을 변화시켜 구한 이론곡선과 현장의 실측자료를 쌍곡선, Curve Fitting, Asaoka, Monden방법에 의한 압밀도곡선을 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 쌍곡선방법에 의한 압밀도곡선은 Curve Fitting, Asaoka, Monden방법에 의한 압밀도곡선과 비교할 때 압밀도가 과소하게 나타났다. 2. 현장 실측자료로부터 역산한 수평방향 압밀계수($C_h$)와 실내 시험에서 구한 수직 방향 압밀계수($C_v$)의 전체적인 범위는 교란효과와 배수저항을 무시하는 이상적인 경우에서는 $C_h=(0.5{\sim}2.5)C_v$, 교란효과와 배수저항을 고려한 경우에는 $C_h=(2{\sim}3)C_v$의 범위로 나타났다. 3. 역해석에 의한 교란된 지역의 투수계수란된 지역의 투수계수($K_s$)는 비교란지역의 수직투수계수($K_v$)의 1/2로, 교란지역의 직경($d_s$)은 Mendrel직경($d_m$)의 2배일 때 실측침하량에 의한 압밀도 곡선과 유사하게 나타났다. 4. 연직배수재 설계에 따른 배수저항의 영향은 직경감소가 커질수록 압밀이 지연되는 경향을 보였고, 드레인의 투수계수가 작은 경우가 큰 경우 보다 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 감소 직경을 사용하는 설계법은 교란효과와 배수저항의 영향을 고려하는 것이 합리적이다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권6_1호
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• pp.981-992
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 처음으로 차등흡수분광기술(Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, DOAS) 중 광학 두께 피팅(optical density fitting) 방법을 이용하여 지상기반 원격 측정 장비인 Pandora의 복사휘도 자료로부터 2014년 5월부터 12월 사이 서울에서의 대류권 이산화질소 연직칼럼농도를 산출하였다. 본 연구에서는 Pandora로부터 산출된 대류권 이산화질소 연직칼럼농도와 Aura 위성의 OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) 센서로부터 산출된 대류권 이산화질소 연직칼럼농도를 비교하였다. Pandora로 부터 산출된 대류권 이산화질소 연직칼럼농도와 OMI 센서로부터 산출된 대류권 이산화질소 연직칼럼농도 사이의 상관계수(Correlation coefficient, R)는 0.55로 나타났다. 현장 측정 장비로부터 측정된 지표 이산화질소 혼합비와의 비교를 위해 AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) 관측 자료를 이용하여 Pandora와 OMI센서로부터 산출된 대류권 이산화질소 연직칼럼농도를 행성경계층 내 이산화질소 혼합비로 변환하였다. 현장 측정 자료의 지표 이산화질소 혼합비는 5.5 ppbv에서 61.5 ppbv의 범위로 분포하였으며 Pandora와 OMI 센서로부터 산출된 행성경계층 내 이산화질소 혼합비는 각각 2.1 ppbv에서 44.2 ppbv, 0.9 ppbv에서 11.6 ppbv의 범위로 분포하였다. Pandora로부터 산출된 행성경계층 내 이산화질소 혼합비는 현장 측정 장비로부터 측정된 지표 이산화질소 혼합비와 비교적 비슷한 범위로 분포하였으나, OMI센서로부터 측정된 지표 이산화질소 혼합비는 현장 측정 장비와 Pandora의 이산화질소 혼합비에 비해 좁은 범위로 분포하였다. 현장 측정 장비로부터 측정된 지표 이산화질소의 혼합비와 Pandora로부터 산출된 행성경계층 내 이산화질소 혼합비 사이의 상관관계(R = 0.50)는 현장 측정 장비로부터 측정된 지표 이산화질소의 혼합비와 OMI로부터 산출된 행성경계층 내 이산화질소 혼합비 사이의 상관관계(R = 0.36)보다 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 위성 기반 원격 측정 장비인 OMI센서는 지상 기반 원격 측정 장비인 Pandora 장비와 현장 측정 장비에 비하여 높은 고도에서 측정함으로써 지표 부근에 이산화질소에 대한 민감도가 떨어지기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

The soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) represents the relation between soil water potential and soil water content. The shape and range of SWCC according to the relation could vary depending on soil characteristics. The objective of the study was to estimate SWCC depending on soil types and layers and to analyze the trend among them. To accomplish this goal, the unsaturated three soils were considered: silty clay loam, loam, and sandy loam soils. Weighable lysimeters were used for exactly measuring soil water content and soil water potential. Two fitting models, van Genuchten and Campbell, were applied. Two models entirely fitted well the measured SWCC, indicating low RMSE and high $R^2$ values. However, the large difference between the measured and the estimated was found at the 30 cm layer of the silty clay loam soil, and the gap was wider as soil water potential increased. In addition, the non-linear decrease of soil water content according to the increase of soil water potential tended to be more distinct in the sandy loam soil and at the 10 cm layer than in the silty clay loam soil and at the lower layers. These might be seen due to the various factors such as not only pore size distribution, but also cracks by high clay content and plow pan layers by compaction. This study clearly showed difficulty in the estimation of SWCC by such kind of factors.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the in situ formation of amorphous Fe oxides as a stabilization technology in As-contaminated soil. After addition of ferric nitrate and the neutralizing agent, most of extractable fractions of As in soil (i.e., SO₄^2- and PO₄^3--extractable As) was converted into As bound to amorphous Fe oxides. In addition, results of solubility bioavailability research consortium (SBRC) test indicated that a significant amount of As in untreated soil changed to a non-bioaccessible form after stabilization. The reason was attributed to the newly formed amorphous Fe oxides in the stabilized soil, which was confirmed by linear combination of fitting (LCF) using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis. Interestingly, after five months of aging of the stabilized soil, ferrihydrite and schwertmannite newly formed in the soil were transformed to crystalline Fe oxides such as goethite, and further decrease in SBRC extractable fraction of As was observed. The results suggest that co-precipitated As with amorphous Fe oxides can be further immobilized with time, due to the crystallization of amorphous Fe oxides.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2008

현장실험의 경우 규모에 따라 시간이나 비용 등의 측면에서 많은 제약과 어려움이 따르지만, 실내모형실험은 현장 실험에 비해 매개변수에 따라 다양한 실험을 실시할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 축소된 모형을 사용하여 경제적으로 현장 원형구조물의 지반공학적 거동을 재현하기 위하여 인위적으로 원심력을 가하여 현장의 응력상태를 재현시킬 수 있는 원심모형실험기법을 실시하여 준설지반의 압밀거동을 예측하고 분석하는데 이용하였다. 자중압밀단계의 간극비-유효응력-투수계수의 관계를 유추하기 위하여 저응력 침투압밀 시험을 실시한 결과를 Curve fitting 결과 누승함수 형태의 구성관계를 얻을 수 있었다. 구성관계식을 이용하여 대표단면을 프로그램으로 수치해석 한 결과 최종침하량은 원심모형 실험에 의한 자중압밀 실험결과와 유사한 경향의 결과를 보이고 있었으나 원심모형실험 결과보다 다소 작게 산정되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.209-222
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• 1996

Shut-in pressure, reopenting pressure and fracture orientation are very important parameters to be evaluated precisely in in-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing. Graphical methods on pressure-time curves have been conventionally used, even though these are seriously dependent on subjectivity of interpreters. So there have been many demands on new method to objectivity in determining parameters. We have developed integrated hydrofracturing data processing program (HYDFRAC), based on nonlinear regression analysis and can be invoked under the Window graphical user interface. HYDFRAC consiste of three routines, that is shut-in pressure routine, reopening pressure routine, and fracture delineation routine. Each of routines include independent modules according to parameter determination methods. Its application to field tests ensured both objectivity and facility in determining of hydraulic fracturing parameters. Determining shut-in pressures at each pressurization cycles, we adopted the exponential pressure-decay method(EPD method), the bilinear pressure-decay-rate method (PDR method), and the tangent intersection method in order to find the pressurization-cyclic tendency of shut-in pressures. The estimated pressure by PDR method exists in the range of the upper and lower values by EPD method, and lies near to the upper value more than the lower. Being the pressurization cycle increased, the range of upper and lower limits come to be stabilized gradually. By graphical superposition method and bilinear pressure-accumulated volume method, reopening pressures were determined. Vertical and inclined fracture attitudes were determined by applying the directional statistics and sinusoidal curve fitting, respectively. The results of evaluation of hydrofracturing parameters showed that statistical methods could enhance the objectivity better than graphical methods.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.147-158
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• 2001

In general, two methods have been used to predict settlement of soft ground. One method is Terzaghi's one dimensional consolidation theory which gives time-settlement relationship using the standard consolidation test results. The other is forecasting method of ground settlement to be occured in the future using in-situ monitoring data. The above both methods have some defects in application manner or in itself especially in very deep and soft clayey ground. In view of the lessons and experiences of soft ground improvement projects, several techniques were proposed for more accurate theorectical calculation of consolidation settlement as follows ; ① Subdivision of soft ground, ② Consideration of secondary compression, ③ Using the modified compression index, etc. And also, revised hyperbolic fitting method was suggested to minimize the error of predicted future settlement. In addition, revised De-Beer equation of immediate settlement of loose sandy soil was proposed to overcome the tendency to show too small settlement calculation results by original De-Deer equation. And also, considering the various effects of settlement delay in the improved ground by vertical drains, time-settlement caculation equation(Onoue method) was revised to match the tendency of settlement delay by using the characteristics of discharge capacity decreases of vertical drain with time elapse by the pattern of hyperbolic equation.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.200-203
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• 2011

In this research, nitrogen (N)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been grown on a sapphire substrate by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in pulsed laser deposition (PLD). DBD has been used as an effective way for massive in-situ generation of N-plasma under conventional PLD process conditions. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra of N-doped ZnO thin films provided near-band-edge emission after a thermal annealing process. The emission peak was resolved by Gaussian fitting and showed a dominant acceptor-bound excitation peak ($A^{\circ}X$) that indicated acceptor doping of ZnO with N. The acceptor binding energy of the N acceptor was estimated to be approximately 145 MeV based on the results of temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.402-403
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• 2014

Damping of multi-span tube with loose supports according to the finite support clearances is investigated through the experimental modal analysis. Loose intermediate support leads to strong nonlinearity in tube dynamics, provides statistical nature, and increases tube damping through impacting and friction at the supports. Fraction of critical damping was estimated by the modal curve fitting to parameter estimation from the measured frequency response functions. Magnitude of random excitation force, which can reproduce the in-situ excitation in operating environment, was maintained as constant value with a fine tolerance during vibration testing. Range of input force was carefully selected to cover from the low magnitude excitation for linearly behaved tube motion to high magnitude of force for nonlinearly-behaved tube motion. Estimated critical damping ratio shows scatters in data and tends to increase as the magnitude of rising force and decrease with upward frequency variation. Larger size of support gap increases multi-span tube damping for high magnitude of excitation.