• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2011

In this study, an in situ heater test for investigating the thermo-mechanical behavior related to heat flow was carried out. It was the first in situ heater test in Korea. For the test, an adequate design of heater, observation sensors, and data logging system was developed and installed with a consideration of the site condition and the test purposes. It was possible to observe that steep joints are overwhelmingly developed in the test area from a joint survey. The major rock and rock mass properties at the test site could be determined from the thermal and mechanical laboratory tests using the rock cores from the site. From the measured rock temperature distribution, it was possible to observe the influence of the rock joints and the heat flow through tunnel wall. When the heater temperature was maintained as $90^{\circ}C$, the rock temperature at 0.3 m from the heater hole was increased up to $40^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2011

Deletions of 14q including band 14q32.33 are uncommon. Patients with terminal deletions of chromosome 14 usually share a number of clinical features. By molecular techniques (array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we identified a young girl with 0.3 Mb terminal 14q32.33 deletion. Review of the nine cases with pure terminal 14q32.3 deletions described to date documented that our observation is the smallest terminal 14q deletion ever reported. The phenotype of our patient is much less severe than the phenotypes of the patients reported previously. We report our experience in examining the clinical, behavioral, and cognitive findings in a 5-year-old girl studied with chromosomal microarray hybridization and reviewed previously reported patients with 14q32 deletions.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.12 no.4 s.51
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• pp.291-295
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• 2005

CdSe hollow sphere with average size of about 30-50 nm was synthesized from the mixed solution of cadmium chloride $(CdCl_2)$, sodium selenosulfate $(Na_2SeSO_3)$ and ethylenediamine(EDA, $H_2NCH_2CH_2NH_2$) at room temperature. The molar ratio of EDA to $Cd^{2+}$ showed the most significant effect on the morphology of CdSe hollow sphere. This paper will present and discuss the possible formation mechanism of CdSe hollow sphere based on the observation of morphological changes.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Typical Meteorological Year Dataset is necessary for the renewable energy feasibility study. Since National Renewable Energy Laboratory has been built Typical Meteorological Year Dataset in 1978, gridded datasets taken from numerical weather prediction or satellite imagery are employed to produce Typical Meteorological Year Dataset. In general, Typical Meteorological Year Dataset is generated by using long-term in-situ observations. However, solar insolation is not usually measured at synoptic observing stations and therefore it is limited to build the Typical Meteorological Year Dataset with only in-situ observation. This study attempts to build the Typical Meteorological Year Dataset with satellite derived solar insolation as an alternative and then we evaluate the Typical Meteorological Year Dataset made by using satellite derived solar irradiance at Daejeon ground station. The solar irradiance is underestimated when satellite imagery is employed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.327-338
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• 2015

Because of impact on the underwater light field, CDOM can influence the accuracy of global satellite-based measurement of ocean chlorophyll and primary productivity. So we investigated the distribution and seasonal variation of CDOM in the East Sea during summer 2009 and 2011. Among them we report two distinctively different summer cases between 2009 and 2011 year, in which showed the different main sources for CDOM. Regulating factors and sources of CDOM in the East Sea were examined. Comparison between in situ and satellite derived Chl a and CDOM were made to find an influence of CDOM on measurement of satellite derived Chl a. Similar pattern and matching of MODIS Chl a with in situ Chl a 2009 was comparable, but significant discrepancy between MODIS Chl a and in situ Chl a was found, when CDOM was high in summer of 2011. GOCI data showed better matching with in situ data for both Chl a and CDOM, compared to MODIS data in summer of 2011. The presence of high CDOM at the surface layer supplied by vertical mixing seems to affect on the overestimation of Chl a by satellite data.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.271-290
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• 2020

The paper describes the analysis of deployment strategies and trajectories design suitable for executing the inspection of an operative spacecraft in orbit through re-usable CubeSats. Similar missions have been though indeed, and one mission recently flew from the International Space Station. However, it is important to underline that the inspection of an operative spacecraft in orbit features some peculiar characteristics which have not been demonstrated by any mission flown to date. The most critical aspects of the CubeSat inspection mission stem from safety issues and technology availability in the following areas: trajectory design and motion control of the inspector relative to the target, communications architecture, deployment and retrieval of the inspector, and observation needs. The objectives of the present study are 1) the identification of requirements applicable to the deployment of a nanosatellite from the mother-craft, which is also the subject of the inspection, and 2) the identification of solutions for the trajectories to be flown along the mission phases. The mission for the in-situ observation of Space Rider is proposed as reference case, but the conclusions are applicable to other targets such as the ISS, and they might also be useful for missions targeted at debris inspection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2022

In-situ analyzation and detection of real-time chemical reactions can be a significant part in interpreting the underlying mechanism in very reactive chemical reactions. To do this, first we have designed a microfluidic device (MFD) pattern for observation of synthesis of hierarchical nanostructures based on graphene oxide (GO), conjugating the well-known coupling reaction by which the solution of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-mediated coupling is enhanced in the presence of n-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to make amide bonding, hereafter called as the EDC coupling. Then, we have manufactured microfluidic devices with multiple tens of micrometer-sized channels that can circulate those nanomaterials to be chemically reacted in the channels. These microfluidic devices were made by negative photo lithography and soft lithography. We showed the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy to reveal the basic mechanism of the energy storage applications.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

We have persistently constructed gridded products of surface wind/wind stress over the world ocean using satellite scatterometer (ERS and Qscat). They are available for users as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote sensing Observation (J-OFURO) data together with heat flux components. Recently, a new version data of the Qscat/SeaWinds based on improved algorithm for rain flag and high wind-speed range have been delivered, and allowed us to reconstruct gridded product with higher spatial resolution. These products are validated by comparisons with in-situ measurement data by mooring buoys such as TAO/TRITON, NDBC and the Kuroshio Extension Observation (KEO) buoys, together with numerical weather prediction model products such as the NCEP-1 and 2. Results reveal that the new product has almost the same magnitude in mean difference as the previous version of Qscat product and much smaller than the NCEP-1 and 2. On the other hand, it is slightly larger root-mean-square (RMS) difference than the previous one and NCEPs for the comparison using the KEO buoy data. This may be due to the deficit of high wind speed data in the buoy measurement. The high resolution product, together with sea surface temperature (SST) one, is used to examine a new type of relationship between the lower atmosphere and upper ocean in the Kuroshio Extension region.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2021

In-situ experiment using ocean buoys is a direct ocean observation and has been playing an important role from the past to the present based on high reliability. The ocean buoy is operated more stable than before due to the technological development of communication (GPS, satellite, …) and equipment, but still moored buoys are not free from various accidents occurring in the ocean. Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of countermeasures or manuals about mooring accidents. Therefore, in this study, based on the experience of operating buoys conducted for many years, the advantages and disadvantages of ocean buoys according to size were analyzed. and legal procedures before and after buoy mooring were presented to enhance the use of buoys. And it is suggested to realize successful experiment by proposing considerations before mooring the buoy in preparation for an accident.

• Atmosphere
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.519-530
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• 2010

In this paper we review current research on Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABCs) with lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and miniaturized instruments. The UAV technology for in-situ measurements, including aerosol concentration, aerosol size distribution, aerosol absorption, cloud drop size distribution, solar radiation fluxes (visible and broadband), and spectral radiative fluxes, is a leading-edge technology for cost-effective atmospheric sounding, which can fill the gap between the ground measurement and satellite observation. The first experimental observation with UAVs in Korea, Cheju ABC Plume Monsoon Experiment (CAPMEX), conducted during summer 2008 revealed that the Beijing plumes exerted a strong positive influence on the net warming and fossil-fuel-dominated black-carbon plumes were approximately 100% more efficient warming agents than biomass-burning-dominated plumes. Long-term sustainable routine UAV measurements will eventually provide truly three-dimensional data of ABCs, which is necessary for the better understanding of their climate impacts and for the improvement of numerical models for air pollution, weather forecast and climate change.