• Title/Summary/Keyword: In-band 방식

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Aqueous Glucose Solution Measurement by Three Types NIR Spectrometer (세 가지 방식의 근적외선 분광분석기를 이용한 글루코오스 수용액의 측정)

  • 백주현;강나루;우영아;김효진
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.461-468
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    • 2003
  • A method is described for measuring clinically relevant levels of glucose in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer by nearinfrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy. Three types of NIR spectrometer, dispersive type, photo-diode array (PDA) type, and fourier transform (FT) type spectrometer were used and the performance was compared. Spectra were collected with a cuvette cell or quartz liquid fiber of 1 mm or 2 mm optical pathlength as transmittance method. Glucose absorption band appeared at second overtone, first overtone, and combination region for all systems. By use of the multivariate technigue of partial least squares (PLS) regression, glucose concentrations can be determined with a 16, 44, and 9.1 mg/d l standard error of prediction for dispersive type, photo-diode array type, and fourier transform type system, respectively. Sensitivity of spectrometer was evaluated by absorbance for the difference of 10 mg/d l glucose. Three absorption bands, second overtone, first overtone, and combination region were suited to three types systems, dispersive type, photo-diode array type, and fourier transform type systems, respectively. This investigation showed that three types NIR spectrometer were proper method for identification and quantitative analysis of glucose and possible for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring.

A Study on 800 MHz 1W Cartesian Feedback Linearized Power Amplifier for TETRA Signals (TETRA 신호를 위한 800 MHz 대역 1W 급 Cartesian feedback 선형 전력 증폭기에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Duk-Soo;Kim, Ji-Yeon;Chun, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Jong-Heon
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.76-85
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, a 800 MHz 1 W cartesian feedback linearized power amplifier is designed and fabricated for TETRA handset application. For amplification of TETRA signal with 200 kHz narrow bandwidth, amplifier linearization performance of more than 30 dBc is improved through the cartesian feedback linearizer at the offset Sequency of ${\pm}25$ kHz. It is clear that the linearization performance is affected by imbalance of gain and phase between I/Q signals and also DC offset. The linearization performance can be maximized by the compensation of those influences. Cartesian feedback is suitable for a liearization technique of narrow band signal with QAM and another modulation signals, as well.

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Implementation of Real-time Stereo Frequency Demodulator Using RTL-SDR (RTL-SDR을 이용한 스테레오 주파수 변조 방송의 실시간 수신기 구현)

  • Kim, Young-Ju
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.485-494
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    • 2019
  • A software-driven real-time frequency de-modulator is implemented with the aid of universal-serial-bus (USB) type software defined radio dongle. An analog stereo frequency modulation (FM) broadcast signal is down-converted to the basedband analog signal then converted to digital bit streams in the USB dongle. Computer software such as Matlab, Python, and GNU Radio manipulates the incoming bit streams with the technique of digital signal processing. Low pass filtering, band pass filtering, decimation, frequency discriminator, double sideband amplitude demodulation, phase locked loop, and deemphasis function blocks are implemented using such computer languages. Especially, GNU Radion is employed to realize the real-time demodulator.

A Design of Software Receiver for GNSS Signal Processing

  • Choi, Seung-Hyun;Kim, Jae-Hyun;Shin, Cheon-Sig;Lee, Sang-Uk;Kim, Jae-Hoon
    • Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.48-52
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    • 2007
  • Recently, the research of GPS receiver which uses the Software-Defined Radio(SDR) technique is being actively proceeded instead of traditional hardware-based receiver. The software-based GPS receiver indicates that the signal acquisition and tracking treated by the hardware-based platform are processed as the software technique through a microprocessor. In this paper, GPS software receiver is designed by using SDR technique and then the signal acquisition, tracking, and the navigation message decoding parts are verified through the PC-based simulation. Moreover, the efficient algorithms are developed about the signal acquisition and tracking parts in order to obtain the accurate pseudorange. Finally, the pseudorange is calculated through the relative channel delay received through the different satellite of L1 frequency band. GPS software receiver proposed in this paper will be included in the element of GPS/Galileo complex system of development target and will provide not only the method that verifies the performance for Galileo Sensor Station standard but also usability by providing various debugging environments.

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The Hybrid Method of ToA and TDoA Using MHP Pulse in UWB System (UWB 시스템에서의 MHP 펄스를 이용한 ToA와 TDoA의 Hybrid 방식)

  • Hwang, Dae-Geun;Hwang, Jae-Ho;Kim, Jae-Moung
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2011
  • Recently, ToA and TDoA estimation are favorable among all of estimation techniques because they have the best accuracy in estimating position. ToA and TDoA estimation are typical techniques based on time. So, it is important to have the time syncronization and offset between a target node and several reference nodes. If they don't have the time syncronization between a reference node and target node or have a time offset among reference nodes, the positioning error will increase due to the ranging error. The conventional positioning algorithm does not have a accurate device's position because ranging error is added the calc dation of the position. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method of ToA and TDoA ll increase due. We use MHP pulse that has orthogonal pulse instead of the existing pulse to transmit and receive pulses between a target node and reference nodes. We can estimate the target node's position by ToA and TDoA estimation to transmit and receive MHP pulses only once. When the proposed Hybrid method iteratively calculate the distance, we can select the ranging technique to have more accurate position. The simulation results confirm the enhancement of the Hybrid method.

5GHz Wi-Fi Design and Analysis for Vehicle Network Utilization (차량용 네트워크 활용을 위한 5GHz WiFi 설계 및 분석)

  • Yu, Hwan-Shin
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.8
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    • pp.18-25
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    • 2020
  • With the development of water internet technology, data communication between objects is expanding. Research related to data communication technology between vehicles that incorporates related technologies into vehicles has been actively conducted. For data communication between mobile terminals, data stability, reliability, and real-time performance must be guaranteed. The 5 GHz Wi-Fi band, which is advantageous in bandwidth, communications speed, and wireless saturation of the wireless network, was selected as the data communications network between vehicles. This study analyzes how to design and implement a 5 GHz Wi-Fi network in a vehicle network. Considering the characteristics of the mobile communication terminal device, a continuous variable communications structure is proposed to enable high-speed data switching. We simplify the access point access procedure to reduce the latency between wireless terminals. By limiting the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)-based Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server function and implementing it in a broadcast transmission protocol method, communication delay between terminal devices is improved. Compared to the general commercial Wi-Fi communication method, the connection operation and response speed have been improved by five seconds or more. Utilizing this method can be applied to various types of event data communication between vehicles. It can also be extended to wireless data-based intelligent road networks and systems for autonomous driving.

Method of a Multi-mode Low Rate Speech Coder Using a Transient Coding at the Rate of 2.4 kbit/s (전이구간 부호화를 이용한 2.4 kbit/s 다중모드 음성 부호화 방법)

  • Ahn Yeong-uk;Kim Jong-hak;Lee Insung;Kwon Oh-ju;Bae Mun-Kwan
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.42 no.2 s.302
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    • pp.131-142
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    • 2005
  • The low rate speech coders under 4 kbit/s are based on sinusoidal transform coding (STC) or multiband excitation (MBE). Since the harmonic coders are not efficient to reconstruct the transient segments of speech signals such as onsets, offsets, non-periodic signals, etc, the coders do not provide a natural speech quality. This paper proposes method of a efficient transient model :d a multi-mode low rate coder at 2.4 kbit/s that uses harmonic model for the voiced speech, stochastic model for the unvoiced speech and a model using aperiodic pulse location tracking (APPT) for the transient segments, respectively. The APPT utilizes the harmonic model. The proposed method uses different models depending on the characteristics of LPC residual signals. In addition, it can combine synthesized excitation in CELP coding at time domain with that in harmonic coding at frequency domain efficiently. The proposed coder shows a better speech quality than 2.4 kbit/s version of the mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) coder that is a U.S. Federal Standard for speech coder.

Expression of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Subunit Genes in the Rat Ovary (흰쥐 난소에서의 Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Subunit 유전자 발현)

  • Lee, Sung-Ho
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.199-205
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    • 1998
  • The present study was performed to analyze the expression of LH genes in the rat ovary. Expression of LH subunit genes in the rat ovary was demonstrated by amplification of ovarian RNA by RT-PCR. The ovarian $LH_\beta$ transcripts contained at least two parts of the published cDNA structure, the pituitary exons 1, 2 and 3 and the part of testicular ex on 1 in the major trancripts form in rat testis. Using RIA, significant amount of LH-like molecules were detected in crude ovarian extracts, and the competition curves with increasing amount of tissue extracts were parallel with those of standard peptide, indicating that the ovarian immunoreactive LH-like material is similar to authentic pituitary LH molecule. The administration of PMSG to immature rats resulted in a sharp decrease of the ovarian LH contents after 24 h post-injection. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that genes for LH subunits are expressed in the rat ovary, and suggest that LH can playa central role in regulation of female reproduction with both endocrine (by pituitary LH) and auto- and/or para-crine (by ovarian LH) manner.

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A Research on Streaming Protocol for User-Created Contents in Digital Cable Broadcasting environment (디지털 케이블 방송 환경에서 개인 미디어를 위한 스트리밍 프로토콜 연구)

  • Kim, Seong-Won;Kim, Jung-Hwan;Si, Jang-Hyun;Jung, Moon-Ryul
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.54-61
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, on-demand service streaming protocol for user-created contents in digital cable broadcasting environment is considered. In order to provide variety media contents service like UCC in digital cable broadcasting environment, the same service model as RVOD(Real Video on Demand) is required and the different interface for each broadcasting platform is needed in a current OCAP environment. Using return path based RTP, we separate existing VOD stream band into broadcasting and VOD stream band. In order to broaden On-demand service, consistent expansion of the infrastructure same as live broadcasting system is inefficient in the digital cable broadcasting environment. Using existing network protocol, the service which is insensitive to the infrastructure for VOD service becomes possible. Therefore we considered the analysis of the class of download available structure in the Set-Top-Box for RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) and designing the decoding available streaming server for UCC transcoding and transmission in the receiver. Designing a efficient VOD service and system under the broadcasting environment gives a expansion of On-Demand service and more chance to upload and utilization of contents.

Erlang Capacity and Cell Coverage Based on Handoff Techniques in the Reverse Link of a CDMA System of 14.4 kbps/1.9 GHz Band (1.9 GHz 대역/14.4 kbps CDMA 시스템의 역방향 링크에서 핸드오프 유형별 얼랑용량과 셀커버리지)

  • Kwon, Young-Soo;Kim, Nam
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.28 no.1A
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2003
  • We derive the outage probabilities for the Erlang capacity and link margin based on handoffs in the reverse link of a CDMA system of 14.4 kbps/1.9 GHz band, calculate them with the same parameters, and then with the maximum realizable Erlang capacity analyze newly the cell coverage in different areas by the COST-231 model If it decreases from 5 % to 2 % in case of $E_b/N_0$=5 dB under a soft handoff, the result shows a very reliable link with additional increment of 0.88 dB in the margin and a high quality of service within the coverage decrease of 0.12 km, 0.25 km, and 1 km in a city, suburban, and open areas respectively on the decrease of 2 Erlang in the capacity. When the $E_b/N_0$ decreases from 7 dB to 5 dB within the outage probability of 5 %, it shows the increase of 9 Erlang and of 0.2 km in a city on the same margin of 2.8 dB. Then, comparing it with a single cell, it shows the decrease of more than 10 Erlang in the capacity, but the enlargement of 0.17 km, 0.3 km, and 1 km in them on the margin decrease of 1.31 dB, also, with a hard handoff, the soft handoff gain of the increase of 10 Erlang and of 0.22 km, 0.5 km, and 2 km on the decrease of 2.16 dB.