• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2009

Background: Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of bone occurring mainly in children and adolescents. Although surgery combined with chemotherapy has markedly improved patient survival during the last years, the use of anticancer drugs is still associated with serious problem, such as the frequent acquisition of drug-resistant phenotypes and occurrence of "secondary malignancies". Several solid tumors display enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and recently clinical trials have been initiated on MMP-inhibitors. On the other hand, bisphosphonates (BPs) are inhibitors of bone resorption, and widely used to treat osteoclast-mediated bone diseases. Also they appear to possess direct antitumor activity. Methods: One osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) was treated with ibandronate (0, 0.1, 1, $10{\mu}M$) for 48 hours. Cell viabilities were determined using MTT assay, the mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, the amount of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP protein were measured by Westernblot, the activities of MMP-2 were observed by Gelatin zymography, and Matrigel invasion assays were used to investigate the invasive potential of osteosarcoma cell lines before and after ibandronate treatment. Results: The invasiveness of U2OS cell line was reduced dose-dependently following 48 hour treatment of up to $10{\mu}M$ of the ibandronate at which concentration no cytotoxicity occurred. Furthermore, the gelatinolytic activities and protein and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were also suppressed by increasing ibandronate concentrations. Conclusion: Given that MMP-2 is instrumental in tumor cell invasion, it is very likely that the reduction in osteosarcoma cell invasion by ibandronate is a consequence, at least in part, of suppressed expression of both MMP-2 and MT1-MMP. Isolation of a molecule (s) responsible for the bisphosphonate inhibition of tumor cell invasion would pave the way for the development of a new generation of metastasis inhibitors.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.79-89
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aims to identify health status and health risks among female marriage immigrants to Korea and to provide a basis for public health strategies to address their health issues. Methods: The participants of the study were 3,069 immigrant wives. The health examination was conducted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP) in 2008. The participants also completed self-administered questionnaires on demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and mental health. Results: Patterns of immigrant women's health problems differed by age and country of origin. Behavior patterns also differed by their heritage, age, and years of residence in Korea. Generally Vietnamese women fell in lower ranges of disease prevalence and health risk factors in the participant group and Japanese women presented most healthy eating habits. Filipina women showed relatively high disease prevalence than any other group. Conclusion: Immigration to Korea by marriage is relatively a new phenomenon, thus continuing surveillance and research are needed to identify health risks, behavior patterns, and their relationships. Interventions and policies for the health of migrant wives, their children and families are required.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 1999

A survey was conducted to investigate the attitudes of the food specialist to the food developed by gene recombination. The mail survey was distributed to 1,400 food specialists and received 464, a response rate of 33.1%. Respondents were asked about knowledge, concerns of potential hazards, purchasing and labeling of the gene recombination foods. Most respondents (98.7%) have some knowledge on the gene recombination foods. 91.3% of respondents recognized necessity of gene recombination technology. However, they also point out its potential hazards (80.9%). The groups with less knowledge showed their increased worry on the hazard in comparison with ones of having more knowledge(p<0.01). The result indicated that there was negative relationship between knowledge and worry on the gene recombination foods. The groups with more knowledge showed their increased purchasing on gene recombination foods in comparison with ones of having less knowledge(p<0.01). The result indicated that there was positive relation-ship between their purchase intent for gene recombination foods and knowledge. 68.4% of respondents showed their interest on purchasing the gene recombination foods. In this group, most of them (44.9%) has on condition that low cost (27.0%). In addition, they also have not use the foods for their children (17.9%) if they buy it. Most respondents (85.3%) want labeling on the gene recombination foods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2002

Purpose : It is important to select and use kinds of Inhaler appropriate to the age of the patient and severity of symptoms. Several kinds of Inhaler have been developed and recommended according to each inhaler's resistance and usage method. We evaluated the usable age of 4 inhalers (turbulent flow inhalers, multi unit dose inhalers, breath actuated MDI, and autohalers) by measuring peak inspiratory flow(PIF) using $In-Check^{(TM)}$ Inspiratory Flow Meter. Methods : Ninety three patients aged from 3 to 7 years(mean $57{\pm}12.9$ mo.) who had admitted to CHA hospital from July 2000 to April 2001 were enrolled. Study patients were divided into 4 groups according to age : 3-4 years of age(group A, n=31), 4-5 years of age(group B, n=32), 5-6 years of age(group C, n=18), and 6-7 years of age(group D, n=12). Results : Out of total 93 patients, 23(71%), 27(84%), 17(94%) patients of each group A, B, C and all 12 patients of group D could use the 4 types of inhaler through adequated education. In all four groups, height, body weight and age were significantly correlated(P<0.05). Usable age, height and weight of children who can use turbulent flow inhaler(TFI) were each 8 year 7 month old, 144 cm, 32.0 kg, and those of multi unit dose inhaler(MUD) were 2 year 10 month old, 92 cm, 12.0 kg. Also that of breath-actuated MDI were 1 yr 8 months, 83 cm, 8.5 kg and that of autohaler were 2 yr 8 months, 91 cm, 11.0 kg Conclusion : We concluded that the ability to use inhalers correlated with height, weight and age of the patients. Multi unit dose inhalers, Breath actuated MDI and Autohaler are useful after 3 years of age through adequate education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Changgyeongwon emerged as pleasure grounds following the creation of a museum, zoo and botanical garden in Changgyeonggung Palace during the Japanese colonial period. Pleasure grounds offer space for entertainment and have maintained the image of a paradise apart from reality. This study examined the creation process of pleasure grounds within a royal palace and the following spatial changes. By analyzing the image of Changgyeongwon as an artificial paradise, this study explored its landscape and cultural aspects. Literature reviews on the intention and process showed that the Changgyeongwon pleasure grounds were created as a 'royal garden' for the amusement of Sunjong, as well as 'public pleasure grounds' in the process of colonization. It was one of the first public spaces open to everyone who could afford the entrance fee. The layout of Changgyeongwon was studied by a comparison and analyzation of modern plans and photographs. It was composed of the central museum zone, northern botanical garden zone, and southern zoological garden zone. A conservatory and greenhouse to exhibit and maintain tropical plants were intensively built in the botanical garden zone while an aviary was created on the zoo pond. In the vicinity of the aviary a vivarium was constructed. Museum exhibition facilities included a main building as well as existing buildings, and a western flower garden was created between the buildings. Space for children including a playground and horse-riding course were created in the 1930's. The paradisiacal image and pleasure grounds culture of Changgyeongwon were studied as follows. Firstly, it shows that Changgyeongwon's paradisiacal image where rare animals and exotic plants were open to the public was promoted by the zoo and botanical garden. This led to the creation of new popular leisure activities such as flower appreciation and animal watching. Secondly, Changgyeongwon offered an urban leisure space, symbolizing the 'non-urban nature within the city' where the urban residents could escape from the daily routine. Thirdly, Changgyeongwon was known for its 'fantastic night landscape' by its night opening during the cherry blossom season. This cherry blossom viewing at night sadly degenerated by various shows and drinking, and as a result, an image of a deviant paradise was given to Changgyeongwon. Changgyeongwon contributed to creating a new space with its diverse facilities, and the public embraced the urban culture through experiences of pleasure and entertainment.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.450-458
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish a structural equation model on social roles and health for married working mothers. to determine the effects of social roles on Korean women's health and to explore the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between social roles qualities and health. Method Data were collected from 323 employed women with partner and children. lived in Seoul and near Seoul. Response rate was 62.3%. The instruments for measurements were Role Quality Scale developed by Park et al. (1999). Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. and 31 items from SF-36 developed by Ware & Sherboune(l992). Results: The effect of marital role quality on self-esteem and the effect of parental role quality on health were not significant. Modification model fitted with the collected data very well. as evidenced by the small chi-square(0.58), the very high goodness-of-fit(GFI = 1.00), and adjusted goodness-of-fit (AGFI = 0.99), and very small root mean square residual(RMSR=0.0072), and the slope of Q-plot is over 1. 41% of the variance in self-esteem and 21% of the variance in health were accounted for by these variables. Conclusion: Further research concerned with the mediating effects of self-esteem in the role and health relationship should be covered the issue of various role combinations. And it is necessary to examine the influence of subfactor of quality of social roles on health.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.459-473
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• 2004

Recently, many children have been treated under sedation in the department of pediatric dentistry of the dental hospital of Kangnung National University, and sedation cases are increasing gradually. So, in this study. the author analyzed and studied about the characteristics of sedated pediatric dental patients and their parents with patient chart and questionnaire at first visit, from 1999 to 2002 for the purpose of making pediatric dental treatment plan more effective and the improvement of behavior management for better pediatric dentistry. The results were follows : 1. The number of total pediatric and sedative patients increased from 1999 to 2002. 2. The sedated pediatric dental patients were younger than total pediatric dental patients(p<0.001). 3. In visit frequency per month, the sedated patients showed higher percentage on March, July, November contrast to non-sedated patients(p<0.001). 4. In parental occupation, there was a significant difference between sedated patients and non-sedated patients(p<0.001). 5. Caries treatment rather than preventive care or orthodontic treatment, was primarily composed of chief complaint of sedated patients(p<0.001). 6. The sedated patients showed worse response to previous treatment than non-sedated patients, and their parents also expected worse response contrast to non-sedated patients (p>0.001). 7. The patients who were introduced, occupied 31.2% of sedated pediatric dental patients and referral by the dentist were composed of the highest percentage(58.3%). 8. In case of uncooperative child at conventional behavior management, the parents of sedated pediatric dental patients prefered to sedation(50.9%). while the parents of non-sedated patients prefered to physical restraint(54.6%) (p<0.001).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to assess the cariogenic potential of infant confectionaries. In vitro, as compaired with 10% sucrose solution and whole bovine milk. Buffering capability were determined by amount of 0.1N lactic acid consumed to titrate the 50ml specimen solutions to pH 4.0. The pH of the specimen solution inoculated by streptococcus mutans was measured by pH meter and the surface microhardness tester, before and after 48 hours incubation. The buffering capacity of infant confectionaries was higher than that of sucrose solution and lower than that of milk, and there were significant difference between infant confectionaries(p<0.05). The pH of infant confectionaries after 48 hours incubation was similar to 10% sucrose solution, and there were significant difference between infant confectionaries and milk(p<0.05). The microhardness change of primary tooth enamel of infant confectionaries group after 48 hours incubation was similar to that of 10% sucrose solution, and there were significant difference between infant confectionaries and milk(p<0.05). In conclusion, infant confectionaries seemed to have the ability to cause dental caries in primary teeth, and there were significant differences of cariogenic potential among infant confectionaries. Cooperative efforts of dentistry and manufacturers to reduce the cariogenic potential of infant confectionaries would be necessary to prevent the early childhood caries in children.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1995

Background: Exercise is one of the most common precipitants of acute asthma encountered in clinical practice. The development of airflow limitation that occurs several minutes after vigorous exercise, i. g. exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB), has been shown to be closely correlated with the nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which is the hallmark of bronchial asthma. All previous reports that assessed the correlation of EIB to nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness have focused on airway sensitivity($PC_{20}$) to inhaled bronchoconstrictor such as methacholine or histamine. However, maximal airway narrowing(MAN), reflecting the extent to which the airways can narrow, when being exposed to high dose of inhaled stimuli, has not been studied in relation to the degree of EIB. Methods: Fifty-six children with mild asthma(41 boys and 15 girls), aged 6 to 15 years(mean${\pm}$SD, $9.9{\pm}2.5$ years) completed this study. Subjects attended the laboratory on two consecutive days. Each subject performed the high-dose methacholine inhalation test at 4 p.m. on the first day. The dose-response curves were characterized by their position($PC_{20}$) and MAN, which was defined as maximal response plateau(MRP: when two or three data points of the highest concentrations fell within a 5% response range) or the last of the data points(when a plateau could not be measured). On the next day, exercise challenge, free running outdoors for ten minutes, was performed at 9 a.m.. $FEV_1$ was measured at graduated intervals, 3 to 10 minutes apart, until 60 minutes after exercise. Response(the maximal ${\triangle}FEV_1$ from the pre-exercise value) was classified arbitrarily into three groups; no response((-) EIB: ${\triangle}FEV_1$<10%), equivocal response ($({\pm})$EIB:10%<${\triangle}FEV_1$<20%) and definite response($({\pm})$EIB:${\triangle}FEV_1$>20%). Results: 1) When geometric mean $PC_{20}$ of the three groups were compared, $PC_{20}$ of (+) EIB group was significantly lower than that of (-)EIB group. 2) There was a close correlation between $PC_{20}$ and the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=-0.568, p<0.01). 3) Of the total 56 subjects, MRP could be measured in 36 subjects, and the MRP of these subjects correlated fairly with the severity of EIB(r=0.355, p<0.05) 4) The MAN of (+) EIB group was significantly higher than that of (-)EIB group(p<0.01). 5) The MAN correlated well with the severity of EIB in the whole group(r=0.546, p<0.01). Conclusion: The degree of MAN as well as bronchial sensitivity($PC_{20}$) to methacholine is correlated well with the severity of EIB. The results suggest that the two main components of airway hyperresponsiveness may be equally important determinants of exercise reactivity, although the mechanism may be different from each other. The present study also provides further evidence that EIB is a manifestation of the increased airway reactivity characteristic of bronchial asthma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2002

Purpose : Obesity is known to be associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver and is thought to be associated with increased levels of free fatty acids. One of the strategies for decreasing free fatty acid levels is stimulation of hepatic lipid oxidation with L-carnitine. Carnitine is an essential cofactor for transport of long-chain fatty acid into mitochondria for oxidation. This study was designed to evaluate the changes of serum fatty acids and carnitine levels after exogenous injection of L-carnitine. Methods : Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Group A was control. Group B was given intraperitoneal injection with L-carnitine(200 mg/kg) daily for two weeks. Serum lipid (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) and fatty acid levels were analyzed on the first day of the first and second weeks after injection of L-carnitine. Total, free, and acyl carnitine levels also were performed by a enzymatic cycling techniques at the same day intervals. Results : There was no significant difference between the two groups in total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels before and after the administration of L-carnitine. But triglyceride levels were significantly decreased at the first week in group B compared with group A. Among free fatty acids, linoleic acid showed significant decrement(A group : $131.3{\pm}31.3mg/dL$ vs B group : $90.0{\pm}7.0mg/dL$) at the first week. Total, free, and acyl carnitine levels showed significant increments at all days intervals, but only free carnitine showed significant increments according to cumulative doses of carnitine. Conclusion : Plasma linoleic acid, a long-chain fatty acid, showed significant decrement after administration of L-carnitine in the first week. This may suggest that L-carnitine can be used as an antilipidemic agent for obese patients. A prospective study will investigate obese children in the future.