• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.7-20
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• 2023

Boil-dried concentrate (BDC) and steam-dried concentrate (SDC) were prepared from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus roe using the cook-dried process, and their food functionality and in vitro bioactivity were examined. The buffer capacity of BDC and SDC was found to be stronger in the alkaline region than in the acidic region, and the buffer capacity of SDC was superior to that of BDC. The water holding capacities of these concentrates were 7.6 and 7.4 g/g protein, respectively, both of which were significantly lower than that of freeze-dried concentrate (FDC). The solubility of BDC (13.4%) and SDC (12.7%), foaming capacity of BDC (107.7%) and SDC (110.6%), and oil-in-water emulsifying activity index of BDC (7.7 m²/g) and SDC (9.7 m²/g) were all significantly lower than the corresponding values for FDC (P<0.05). The lower food functionality of BDC and SDC compared with FDC can be attributed to the high-temperature denaturation of proteins during the cook-dried process. The 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activities (IC₅₀) of SDC (2.5 mg protein/mL) was 60.4 ㎍/mL, and the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity was 80.9%. Olive flounder roe concentrates have good antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, and can be used as materials or ingredients in the processing of seafood and other foods to enhance protein contents and food functionality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.721-728
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• 2012

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer in developing countries. Rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment of the HPV infection are critical. Various methods have been employed to reduce the immunogenicity of antibodies targeting HPV serotypes. Nanobodies are the smallest fragments of naturally occurring single-domain antibodies with their antigen-binding site compromised into a single domain. Nanobodies have remarkable properties such as high stability, solubility, and high homology to the human VH3 domain. In this study, a phagemid library was employed to enrich for nanobodies against the L1 protein of the human papilloma virus. Binding reactivity of the selected clones was evaluated using phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage-ELISA). Finally, two nanobodies (sm5 and sm8) with the best reactivity against the Gardasil vaccine and the purified HPV-16 L1 protein were expressed and purified using a $Ni^+$-NTA column. The accuracy of expression and purification of the nanobodies was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting assays. In vitro studies demonstrated that neutralization was achieved by the selected nanobodies. The ease of generation and unique features of these molecules make nanobodies promising molecules for the new generation of HPV diagnosis and therapy.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.753-757
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 도축장에서 폐수 처리되는 돈혈을 활용하여 단백질 분해 효소 처리를 하여 철분함량 및 용해도가 높은 철분분말을 제조하고자 하였다. 철분함량을 높이기 위하여 효소처리 및 혈액 분리 정도에 따른 돈혈 분말의 품질특성을 분석하였고, 그 결과 수급 받은 돈혈의 전혈에 Thermoase 0.2%를 첨가한 후 $60^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 처리하여 여과, 열풍건조처리를 하였을 때 철분함량이 110.00 mg/100 g 으로 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었으며, 재수화성 역시 높은 것을 확인하였다. 또 철분 보조제로써 활용 가능 여부를 확인하기 위하여 최종조건에 따라 제조 된 돈혈분말의 생체이용률을 측정하였으며, 대표적인 시중 판매 제품 보다 2.9배 높은 것으로 확인 되었다. 따라서 영양학적 가치가 있는 돈혈을 활용하여 철분분말을 제조한다면, 수입에 의존하고 있는 철분시장에 국내산 천연재료 공급이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 이의 폐기처리로 인한 비용처리 및 환경오염을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2022

탈지 갈색거저리 유충과 번데기 분말을 A. oryzae 및 B. subtilis 균주를 이용하여 발효추출물을 제조하였다. 그 결과 발효추출물의 단백질 함량은 69.67-86.06% (p<0.001)이며, 액상발효물의 고형분 수율은 37.76-46.88% (p<0.001)로 나타났다. 단백질 분해율은 대두발효물(esS) 58.90%, 갈색거저리유충(esT; 52.62%), 누에번데기(esP; 50.13%) 순으로 나타났으며(p<0.001), 단백질 수율의 경우 47.47-63.02% 이였다(p<0.001). 또한 SDS-PAGE 결과, 발효과정을 거치지 않은 각각의 탈지원물과 비교 시 액상발효물들의 단백질이 저분자로 분해됨을 확인하였다. 액상발효물의 in vitro 소화율을 측정한 결과, 탈지원물(59.60-76.03%)에 비해 발효추출물의 단백질 소화율이 91.02-95.86%로 1.26-1.53배 증가하였다(p<0.001). 액상발효물의 단백질 용해도, 거품형성능, 거품안정성 모두 발효과정을 통해 수치가 증가하는 경향성을 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 발효공정을 통한 단백질 추출물 공정의 가능성을 확인하였으며, 추후 추출물의 이화학적 특성 및 기능성을 기반으로 새로운 기능성 식품 소재 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.688-694
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• 2017

퀴노아의 열처리 가공방법이 퀴노아의 이화학적 특성과 in vitro 생리활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 퀴노아의 가열처리로 열탕처리와 증자 후 볶음처리 하는 두 가지 방법을 사용하였다. 퀴노아의 일반성분은 열탕처리 하였을 때 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분, 전분 함량이 약간 감소하였으나 증자/볶음처리 시에는 이들 함량에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 퀴노아의 총 페놀 함량은 증류수 또는 80% 에탄올 용매 추출물 모두에서 원곡보다 가열처리에 의해 감소하는 것으로 나타났는데 열탕처리가 증자/볶음처리에 비해 감소가 더 큰 편이었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량 또한 두 가지 용매 추출물 모두에서 열처리 가공에 의해 감소하였다. 열처리한 퀴노아의 수분흡수지수는 원곡보다 증가했지만 수분용해도지수는 감소하였다. 퀴노아의 in vitro 전분 가수분해율은 원곡보다 열처리한 퀴노아에서 크게 증가하였다. 퀴노아의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 아질산염 소거능은 가열처리에 의해 감소하는 경향이었는데 열탕 처리에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 이는 열처리 가공방법에 따른 항산화 물질 손실의 차이로 인한 결과로 판단되었다. 퀴노아를 열처리 가공 시에는 조리수에 의한 영양 생리활성 성분의 손실을 줄이는 방법으로 열처리 가공하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 제시되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 1996

Hot-water extract, Fr. 1, of Phellinus linteus mycelium was fractionated into Fr. 2, 3, 4, and 5 by the difference of solubility in ethanol. The polysaccharide fractions were studied for their immunostimulating activity on in vitro T-independent polyc1onal antibody response to trinitrophenyl-haptened SRBC (sheep red blood cell). The Fr. 4 with the highest immunostimulating activity was subjected to DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and gave five fractions, 4-I, II, III, IV, and V. The in vitro immunostimulating assay of the five fractions showed that 4-I and 4-III had a similar activity to that of LPS but the other fractions had low activity. By analyses of chemical composition and HPLC, all fractions obtained were found to be heteropolysaccharide-protein complex. The molecular weights ranged from 9, 000 to 15, 000. Sugar analyses showed that glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, and xylose were main component. Uronic acid and amino sugar were also detected in the fractions. It should be noted that the molecular weight (15, 000) of 4-III was very small and the structure of 4-III may be different from the known immunostimulating branched $\beta$-(1longrightarrow3)-glucan.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2001

The feasibility of skin penetration was studied for aspalatone (AM, acetylsalicylic acid maltol ester), a novel antithrombotic agent. In this studys hairless mouse dorsal skins were used as a model to select composition of vehicle and AM. Based on measurements of solubility and partition coefficient, the concentration of PC that showed the highest flux for AM across the hairless mouse skin was found to be 40%. The cumulative amount permeated at 48 h, however, appear inadequate, even when the PC concentration was employed. To identify a suitable absorption enhancer and its optimal concentration for AM, a number of absorption enhancers and a variety of concentration were screened for the increase in transdermal flux of AM. Amongst these, linoleic acid (LOA) at the concentration of 5% was found to have the largest enhancement factor (i.e., 132). However, a further increase in AM flux was not found in the fatty acid concentration greater than 5%, indicating the enhancement effect is in a bell-shaped currie. In a study of the effect of AM concentration on the permeation, there was no difference in the permeation rate between 0.5 and 1% for AM, below its saturated concentration. At the donor concentration of 2%, over the saturated condition, the flux of AM was markedly increased. A considerable degradation of AM was found during permeation studies, and the extent was correlated with protein concentrations in the epidermal and serosal extracts, and skin homogenates. In rat dorsal skins, the protein concentration decreased in the rank order of skin homogenate > serosal extract > epidermal extract. Estimated first order degradation rate constants were $6.15{\pm}0.14,{\;}0.57{\pm}0.02{\;}and{\;}0.011{\pm}{\;}0.004{\;}h^{-1}$ for skin homogenate, serosal extract and epidermal extract, respectively. Therefore, it appeared that AM was hydrolyzed to some extent into salicylmaltol by esterases in the dermal and subcutaneous tissues of skin. taken together, our data indicated that transdermal delivery of AM is feasible when the combination of PC and LOA is used as a vehicle. However, since AM is not metabolically stable, acceptable degradation inhibitors may be nervessary to fully realize the transdermal delivery of the drug.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.687-700
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• 2021

This study performed to evaluate the applicability of functional dairy food materials by comparing the calcium solubilization ability and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolyzed casein protein. Commercial enzyme (Alcalase^®; Neutrase^®; Protamex^®; Flavourzyme^®) was added to the 10% casein solution to prepare the casein hydrolysates. Samples obtained every hour [1:200 (w/v)]. According to results of measuring the degree of hydrolysis (DH), all of four enzymatic hydrolysates increased rapidly from 30 to 40 min, and after 150 min, there were no change. Protamex^® and Neutrase^® had the highest DH compared to others enzymatic hydrolysates. After that, peptides obtained throughout a preparative liquid chromatography system. In the calcium solubility experiments, neutrase fraction (NF) 4 and NF7 showed similar activities with casein phosphopeptide (CPP). In vitro cell experiments showed that no cytotoxicity except for NF6. Also, the production of nitric oxide (NO) inhibited as the concentration of fraction samples increased. The cytokine (IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α) production was lower than lipopolysaccharide (+) group significantly. Therefore, the possibility of anti-inflammatory activity found in the hydrolyzed samples. According to the above experiments, NF3 and Protamex Fraction (PF) 3 selected. Amino acids selected throughout an AccQ-Tag system. As a result, 17 species of amino acids and several species of unknown amino acids identified. Both fractions had the highest content of phenylalanine. This study identified the potential of biologically active and functional peptides derived from casein that affect the food and dairy industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.515-523
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in broiler performance, apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and ileal digestible energy (IDE) between five different maize samples fed with and without xylanase at 16,000 U/kg. Various in vitro characterisations were conducted to determine if any could predict performance or AME. Samples of the maize were harvested in five diverse regions and fed individually in a mash diet as follows (g/kg): test maize 608.3; soya bean meal (SBM) 324.1; poultry fat 25.2; salt 4.6; met 2.6; lys 1.6; thr 0.5; limestone 9.7, dical 18.4; vit/min 5.0; CP 210 and ME (kcal/kg) 3,085. The diets were fed to 720 broilers with 6 replicates, each containing 12 birds per treatment, from 0 to 18 d of age. Maize samples were analysed for starch, protein, crude fibre, fat, protein solubility index (PSI) and vitreousness using near infra red reflectance spectroscopy (NIR). They were also assayed using an in vitro starch digestibility method. The results showed that there was no effect of harvest region on the feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the broilers over the 18 d period (p = 0.959, 0.926, 0.819 respectively). There was an improvement in all parameters with the addition of xylanase (FI p = 0.011; BWG and FCR p<0.001). There was a significant positive effect of xylanase on IDE, AME, IDE Intake (IDEI) and AME intake (AMEI) (p<0.0001 in all cases). Although there was no significant effect of maize source, there was a strong trend towards variability in IDE (p = 0.066) and AME (p = 0.058). There were no significant correlations (p<0.05) between any proximate or physiochemical values and any performance or AME values. This may suggest that none of those selected were suitable predictors for performance or AME. The broilers performed well according to the breed guidelines, with slightly increased FI, increased BWG and similar FCR prior to the addition of xylanase. When FCR and BWG were analysed with FI as a covariate, xylanase addition remained significant suggesting that the improvement in BWG and FCR was driven by an increase in digestibility and nutrient availability.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.850-855
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• 2009

Keratin is an important protein used in wound healing and tissue recovery. In this study, keratin was modified chemically with iodoacetic acid (IAA) to enhance its solubility in organic solvent. Poly(hydroxybutylate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and modified keratin were dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and electrospun to produce nanofibrous mats. The resulting mats were surface-characterized by ATR-FTIR, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The pure m-keratin mat was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde vapor to make it insoluble in water. The biodegradation test in vitro showed that the mats could be biodegraded by PHB depolymerase and trypsin aqueous solution. The results of the cell adhesion experiment showed that the NIH 3T3 cells adhered more to the PHBV/m-keratin nanofibrous mats than the PHBV film. The BrdU assay showed that the keratin and PHBV/m-keratin nanofibrous mats could accelerate the proliferation of fibroblast cells compared to the PHBV nanofibrous mats.