• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.256-263
• /
• 2007

P300 is widely used as a neurophysiological indicator of cognitive processing, which is known as reflecting controlled processing. MMN (mismatch negativity), early response prior to P300, is known as reflecting an early stage of information processing and having involuntary attention and automatic awakening or sensory memory. This study for normal people shows that electric potential of P300 and MMN are in close correlation (r=-0.673, p<0.05). That is, it is observed that the higher negative value electric potential of MMN measured at cerebral forehead-center has, the higher value electric potential of P300 measured at cerebral center-vertex has. This fact implies that working memory for temporary storage and operation of stimuli, and involuntary attention which constitute automatic information processing, an early stage of information processing, play a crucial role in efficient information processing. On the other hand, considering that MMN of cerebral forehead-center and P300 of cerebral center-vertex are in close correlation, it is necessary to pursue further study of cerebral parts which generate P300 and MMN in information processing.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.8 no.12
• /
• pp.4661-4676
• /
• 2014

In Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN), an authentication technique can be compromised due to the distributed network architecture, the broadcast nature of the wireless medium and dynamic network topology. Several vulnerabilities exist in different protocols for WMNs. Hence, in this paper, we propose trust based authentication and key establishment for secure routing in WMN. Initially, a trust model is designed based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to exchange the trust information among the nodes. The routing table is utilized to select the destination nodes, for which the link information is updated and the route verification is performed. Based on the trust model, mutual authentication is applied. When a node moves from one operator to another for accessing the router, inter-authentication will be performed. When a node moves within the operator for accessing the router, then intra-authentication will be performed. During authentication, keys are established using identity based cryptography technique. By simulation results, we show that the proposed technique enhances the packet delivery ratio and resilience with reduced drop and overhead.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify the developmental characteristics of sensory integration according to age and sex distinction using COMPS for school-aged children and to provide the preparatory data for standardization appropriate for our social and cultural environment. Methods : The COMPS was administered to 40 normal children in the first grade of elementary school by 4 occupational therapists. Results : By comparison between age groups, 6 and 7 year olds performed similarly and statistically in all items. Between males and females, there was no significant difference in performance of all items Conclusion : Findings from the study suggested that the performance of the COMPS by children followed developmental trends. The COMPS is easy to administer to groups and beneficial to discriminate children with motor problems, and it should be standardized.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.9 no.1 s.21
• /
• pp.69-96
• /
• 2005

Motivation for learning is important for positive learning outcomes as well as for measured achievement levels. When students come to our classes, they bring with them learning histories in which we as individual teachers, most likely, did not have an input. Our students do not only bring with them different levels of prerequisite leanings but also different levels of affect for what they will be learning. If we leave their final learning at the mercy of these entry characteristics, a test given the first day before the course will have almost isomorphic results with their achievement levels on the last day. The ones who had 'it' on the first day will be the ones who in the future will also have 'it', not too different from what the present situation is all over the world. These circumstances will tend to be the case ad infinitum, unless of course, we want to change the situation. This research clearly shows that effective instructional methodologies coupled with cooperative peer interactions not only have an impact on achievement but also on positive attitudes toward one's learning.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2016

Thermal stability and rheological behaviors of Ricinodendron heudelotii wood were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis conducted at a heating rate of $10^{\circ}C/min$ from 20 to $600^{\circ}C$ in a nitrogen atmosphere indicated that there was no variation in the decomposition of the onset and final temperature for all the polymers. The thermal behaviours were investigated at a temperature range from 130 to $0^{\circ}C$ at $3^{\circ}C/min$, multi-frequencies of 0.1-10 Hz using dynamic mechanical analysis. N-methyl-2-pyrolidone saturated specimens were tested while submerged under the same solvent. Polymers decomposition pattern during thermogravimetric analysis are similar in the radial position of the wood. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of R. heudelotii is $45{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ at 0.1 Hz. The Tg differs from the innerwood to outerwood. The Tg showed that N-methyl-2-pyrolidone saturated R. heudelotii would require low energy consumption during chemi-thermomechanical pulping.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.1814-1820
• /
• 2018

State estimation of power systems has become vital in recent days of power operation and control. SCADA and EMS are intended for the state estimation and to communicate and monitor the systems which are operated at specified time. Although various methods are used we can achieve the better results by using PMU technique. On placing the PMU, operating time is reduced and making the performance reliable. In this paper, PMU placement is done in two ways. Those are 'optimal technique with pruning operation' and 'depth of unobservability' considering incomplete and complete observability of a network. By Depth of Unobservability Number of PMUs are reduced to attain Observability of the network. Proposed methods are tested on IEEE 14, 30, 57, SR-system and Sub systems (1, 2) with bus size of 270 and 444 buses. Along with achieving complete observability analysis, single PMU loss condition is also achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2001

This design proposal was presented to a design competition for renovation of the Pagoda Park, located in Chongro-2ga, Chongro-gu, Seoul, where the first ˝Manse˝ (hurrah) Movement fighting against Japanese colonization, broke out on March 1st, 1919. The park has been considered to be the first modern park in Korea also. The objectives for the design were to make a sacred place to commemorate the 3.1 ˝Manse˝ Movement, to preserve and symbolically memorialize historic remains of the old ˝Wongaksa˝ Temple, an to provide natural and rest areas for citizen. For the space composition, three axes symbolic of, ´freedom and independence´, ´mercy´, and ´nature´, were created. For the freedom and independence axis, exiting facilities, such as statures and monuments related to the 3.1 Movement, were relocated centering around the octagonal pavilion, which was the starting point for the movement, to give order of the site. For the ercy axis, symbols of traditional temple structures, such as, ´Iljugate´-´Pian bridge´-´Chongwang gate´-´Haetal gate´-Pagoda-Buddhist sanctum, were created to symbolize the temple remains and placeness. For the nature axis, tree groves, walking trails, and rest areas for citizen were provided around the site. As a whole the design provided structural orders from secular spaces outside to sacred spaces inside.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to explore the adolescents\` conception and practice of Hyo(filial piety). Fifteen teams of 500 adolescents were allowed to discuss about Hyo for two hours and the team leaders presented what they had discussed. The subjects were 330 elementary school students, 130 middle school students, and 40 high school students. The findings from the discussion and presentation were as follows: First, the adolescents\` conceptions of Hyo were different in the stages of schools. Elementary school students thought that they should do Hyo because they got lots of mercy from parents. Middle and high school students both thought that Hyo came from mutual(parent-children) understanding, but they showed somewhat different view about what disturbed the mutual understanding. Middle school students pointed the deficiency of parents'self-disclosure as a disturbing factor while high school students pointed the deficiency of adolescents'understanding of their parents. Second, the behavioral items that the subjects suggested as Hyo were analysed by the 12 Subvirtues of Adolescent's Hyo which was classified by Chung et al.(1996a). Adolescents could not propose any behavioral items for Thanks, Ancestor Worship, and Ecological Equilibrium, and some items for Advising Parents and Thrift. A lot of items were suggested for Moral Training, Supporting (Parents), Consorting (Parents), Respecting (Parents), Establishing Oneself, and Following Parents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.50 no.7
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2000

Prime Minister Kim tart-song is said to have built this cave temple in the tenth year of the reign of King Kyongdok-wang(742-765) of Unified Shilla(751). The numerous stone Buddhist images in the grotto represent the best Buddhist figure of the Unified Shilla period and of all Korea. The Sokkuram Grotto is composed of the main hall, entrance to the main chamber and antechamber in space. The main hall beyond the small antechamber is round and the ceilling is domed. Within the rotunda sits a majestic Buddha(Amitabha), 3.48m in height and 2.6m in width, carved in granite and facing east. Surrounding the main Seated Buddha are eleven-headed Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, Manjusri Bodhisattva and the other three Buddhist images, Ten disciples, Buddhist figures in the ten Niches in relief. An eleven-headed Avalokltesvara Bodhisattva of boundless mercy is sculptured on the wall behind the main Seated Buddha. Further guarding the Buddha are ten standing Arhans of the Disciples of Buddha. Next, two Devas. one on each side, stand guard. Two Bodhisattvas are the saints who are next to the Seated Buddha in importance, also one on each side. And, There are ten niches around the dome. They contain seven seated Bodhisattvas and one Vimalakirti(the name of a famous lay disciple of the Buddha). Two niches are empty. Consequently, there are total thirty-eight Buddhist images in the Sokkuram cave temple. The Buddhist images have been reguarded as masterpieces of Buddhist art and Shilla culture of Unified Shilla in the eightth century. The Buddhist images are represented very dear, elegance and beauty of detail skill

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 2017

Photoperiod is one of the factors affecting productivity of cucumber plant by inducing ethylene hormone production and so triggering flower sex differentiation into female flower. However, only few studies have been perfomed in order to reveal the effect of photoperiod in molecular level in relation to the flower differentiation. Therefore, in this study, Mercy cultivar of cucumber (andromonoecious) was treated with photoperiod of 8, 12, 16 hours of light, while control received no treatment of additional light. Photoperiod of 8 hours was achieved by blocking the sunlight with shade net and 16 hours by giving longer light exposure using white LEDs. Cucumber's flowers were quantified and the apical and lateral shoots were extracted to evaluate the gene profile related to the photoperiod, ethylene production, and female flower differentiation, which were CsACS2, CsETR1, CsCaN, and CsPIF4 using PCR method. Photoperiod of 8 hours affected the production of female flower with average number of 6.7 flowers in main stem and 8.0 flowers in lateral stem, compared to photoperiod of 12 and 16 hours which produced 3.7 and 2.0 flowers in main stem with 7.0 and 11.3 in lateral stem, respectively. In silico studies in this experiment resulted in proposed model of signal transduction that showed the connection between ethylene production and flower differentiation. PCR analysis confirmed the expression of CsACS2, CsETR1, and CsCaN, that was positively correlated with numbers of female flowers in cucumber, but the expression of CsPIF4 that represent photoperiod haven't been confirmed correlated with the ethylene production and flower differentiation.