• 제목/요약/키워드: In%28III%29-

검색결과 169건 처리시간 0.022초

성문상부암의 치료결과 (Treatment Results for Supraglottic Cancer)

  • 이규찬;김철용;최명선
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.323-329
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    • 1994
  • Purpose: In supraglottic cancer, radiation therapy is used to preserve the laryngeal function but combined surgery and radiation therapy is required in advanced stage. The authors Present the results of radiation therapy alone and combined surgery Plus Postoperative radiation therapy for supraglottic cancer. Methods and Materials: A retrospective analysis was done for 43 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx who were treated from Feburary 1982 to December 1991, in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Hospital. Patient distribution according to the AJCC staging system was as follows: I, 3($7.0\%$); II, 7($16.3\%$); III, 17($39.5\%$); IV, 16($37.2\%$). Patients' age ranged from 30 to 72 years(median 62). Follow up durations were from 21 to 137 months(median 27). Seventeen patients($39.5\%$) were treated by radiation therapy alone with radiation doses of 6840-7380 cGy and 26 patients($60.5\%$) were treated with surgery plus postoperative irradiation with doses of 5820-6660 cGy. Results: Overall five-year survival rate for all stage was $51.8\%$, with $100\%$ for Stage I and II, $47.3\%$ for Stage III, and $29.2\%$ for Stage III. The difference of the survival rate by stage was statistically significant(p=0.0152). Five-year survival rates were $100\%$ for locally confined tumor in the supraglottic larynx, $37.5\%$ for transglottic extension, $26.7\%$ for hypopharynx extension, and only two of 5 patients with both transglottic and hypopharynx extension were alive(p=0.0033). Five-year survival rates by neck node status were as follows: $55.0\%$ for NO, $64.3\%$ for N1, $50.0\%$ for N2, and all 2 of N3 were died of disease. Overall survival rate for radiation therapy alone group was $42.8\%$, and it was $56.7\%$ for surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy group with no statistically significant difference(p=0.5215). In Stage I and II, all Patients survived. In Stage III and IV, 5-year survival rate for radiation therapy alone group was $28.5\%$ and $43.4\%$ for surgery plus postoperative irradiation group(p=0.5103). Local control rate was $58.8\%$(10/17) for radiation therapy alone group and $73.1\%$ (19/26) for surgery plus postoperative irradiation group. Three patients from surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy group developed distant metastasis in lungs. Conclusion: Treatment results of radiation therapy alone was excellent in early stage supraglottic cancer. In advanced stage, even the difference was statistically not significant, the result of postoperative radiation therapy group was superior compared with radiation therapy alone group. Since 1992, concomitant chemoradiotherapy with hyperfractionated radiotherapy is being used to improve the result of the treatment and preserve the laryngeal function in advanced stage supraglottic cancer.

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저서식물의 군집구조와 생산성(죽도, 동해안) III. 알쏭이오자반(갈조류)의 생장과 생산성 (Community Structure and Productivity of Phytobenthos in Juckdo (Eastern Coast of Korea) III. Growth Pattern and Productivity of Sargassum confusum (Phaeophyta))

  • 고철환;안인영
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 1985
  • Sargassum confusum을 대상으로 동해안 오호리 지역에서 1983년 3월 부더 1984년 4월까지 이 종의 생장 및 일차생산력을 조사하였다. S. confusum은 2월에 생장하기 시작하여 여름에 최대생장을 나타낸 후 빠른 속도로 쇠퇴하는 생육주기를 가진다. 생식활동은 6월에 주로 이루어 진다. 이러한 생장양상은 수온과 밀접한 관제를 갖는다. 최대성장율은 5월의 1.3cm/day이며 최대길이는 8월의 120cm이다. 산소명암병법으로 측정된 S. confusum의 일순생산력은 6월에 11.2 gC/dry wt/day이며 이를 기초로 추정한 연생산력은 745 gC/$m^2$/yr이다. 한편 현존량의 변화에만 의존하여 추정된 연생산력은 745 gC/$m^2$/yr로서 탈락에 의한 손실이 약 60%에 달하고 있다.

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한국에 있어서의 'Kresek'에 관한 연구 III. 품종저항성 및 균주에 따른 도체내에서의 균증식과 발병과의 관계 ('Kresek' Disease in Korea III. Varietal Resistance, and Relationship among Pathotype, Multiplication in the Tissue and Disease Development)

  • 최용철;조용섭
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.51-55
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    • 1980
  • 수도 흰빛마름병 이병엽과 Kresek 발병주로부터 분리한 I균군(각5균주), II균군(각4균주)의 18균주를 "밀양23호"및 "유신" 품종 5엽기의 전개엽에 침접종한후 수도체내에서의 균증식과 병반장율 및 Kresek 발병율을 비교조사하여 균주간차이를 비교하였고, 밀양23호외28품종에 대해 II, IV균군을 사용하여 침접종및 근단접종법으로 품종간 저항성을 조사한 결과 1. 각균주간 수도체내에서의 증식은 큰 차이를 볼수 없었으나 "Kresek"발병주로부터 분리된 균주가 병반장률이 약간 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 2. Kresek 발병은 흰빛잎마름병 이병주에서 분리한 균주와 "Kresek"발병주로부터 분리한 균주간에는 아무런차이를 인정할수 없었고, 모두 발병을 볼수있었다. 3. Kresek에 대한 품종저항성에서는 흰빛잎마름병의 저항성반응과 비슷한경향을 나타내고 있으나 Wase Aikoku 품종군에서도 발병을 볼수있었다. 4. 황옥품종군인 "IR20"은 Kresek에라해 고도의 저항성반응을 나타내었다. 5. 접종반응으로는 근단접종법에서 침접종법에 비해 더욱 많은 발병율을 볼수있었다.

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페노피브레이트 유연물질 표준품 대체시험법 개발 (Development of an Alternative Analytical Method without Related Substance Reference Standards for Fenofibrate in Korean Pharmacopoeia)

  • 김정현;김민영;권은경;이광문;최돈웅
    • 약학회지
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    • 제59권3호
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    • pp.98-106
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    • 2015
  • Analytical method for related substances can be categorized into two methods depending on the necessity of reference standard (RS). The analytical method of related substances with RS is fast and accurate, but it's very expensive and technically difficult to synthesize RS due to their complicated structure. Another method is using relative retention time (RRT) and relative response factor (RRF) which are already validated with RS. Validation of this method is not easy and time consuming, but once it has been developed, it can save cost and time. In this study, we developed the analytical method for related substances of fenofibrate using RRT and RRF. We validated the method by evaluating specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision according to the "Manual for Guideline Application for Validation of Analytical Procedures" of MFDS. Also, we calculated RRT and RRF between fenofibrate and fenofibrate related substances. The results of this study showed high specificity for fenofibrate and fenofibrate related substances. Correlation coefficient(r) of all substances were more than 0.99, and the recovery of fenofibrate, fenofibrate related substance I, II and III were 99.44%, 100.84%, 99.14% and 101.58%, respectively. Precision of fenofibrate and its related substances were ranged between RSD 0.29% and 0.93%. Quantification limits of fenofibrate, fenofibrate related substance I, II and III were determined to be $0.03{\mu}g/ml$, $0.05{\mu}g/ml$, $0.04{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.02{\mu}g/ml$, respectively by confirming signal to noise ratio of each chromatogram. The RRT for fenofibrate related substance I, II and III were determined to be 0.35, 0.41 and 1.34, respectively. Also, the RRF for fenofibrate related substance I, II and III were determined to be 1.28, 0.98 and 0.79, respectively. The developed method was applied to determine contents for fenofibrate related substances in commercial fenofibrate (active pharmaceutical ingredient). As a result, developed analytical methods of related substances will be used for revising the monograph of fenofibrate in Korean Pharmacopoeia revision and contribute quality control of drugs by improving cost and time consuming problem of RS.

Characteristics of Wet Distillers Grains on In vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Its Effects on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Hanwoo Steers

  • Ahn, Gyu Chul;Kwak, Hyung Jun;Oh, Young Kyoon;Lee, Yoo Kyung;Jang, Sun Sik;Lee, Sang Suk;Park, Keun Kyu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.530-538
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    • 2016
  • Two experiments were conducted to determine the nutrient composition, in vitro ruminal ammonia concentrations and pH of wet distillers grains (WDG, produced from tapioca 70% and rice 30%) and to evaluate dietary effects of fermented total mixed ration (TMR) using WDG on the performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers from mid fattening to slaughter. In Exp. I, average dry matter (DM), crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and nitrogen free extract of seven WDG samples from an ethanol plant with different sampling dates were 19.9%, 24.8%, 3.8%, 21.8%, 8.87%, 60.3%, 34.5%, and 40.7% (DM basis), respectively. For in vitro ammonia concentrations and pH, each sample was assigned to 7 incubation times (0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). Linear increase was observed between 12 and 48 h for ammonia concentrations, but final ammonia concentrations (72 h) were not significantly different among WDG samples and fermentation patterns of WDG samples showed similar tendency. In vitro pH varied among treatments from 0 to 24 h, but were not different statistically after 48 h. In Exp. II, 45 Hanwoo steers of 23 months ($641{\pm}123kg$) from mid fattening period to slaughter (248 days) were randomly divided into three groups of 15 pens each (five repetitions/each treatment) and assigned to one of three dietary treatments; i) Control (TMR), ii) WDG 15 (TMR containing 15% of WDG, as fed basis) and iii) WDG 28 (TMR containing 28% of WDG, as fed basis). The body weight (BW), ADG, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control and WDG 15 and 28 during 248 days were 760.8, 740.1, and 765.5 kg, and 0.50, 0.50, and 0.52 kg/d, and 18.6, 17.6, and 17.1, respectively. The dry matter intake (DMI) (kg/d) of control (9.11) was higher (p<0.05) than WDG treatments (WDG 15%, 8.57; 28%, 8.70). Nevertheless, DMI did not affect BW, ADG, and FCR of Hanwoo finishing steers. Blood metabolites were in normal ranges and were not different among treatments except the albumin concentration. In carcass characteristics, WDG 15 (30%) showed higher frequency of A-carcass yield grade than WDG 28 (15%) and control (7%), and WDG 28 (61%) showed higher frequency of $1^{{+}{+}}$ and $1^+$-carcass quality grade than WDG 15 (40%) and control (60%). In conclusion, using WDG up to 28% in TMR did not show any negative effect on the performance and blood metabolites, and improved carcass quality of Hanwoo steers. Therefore, WDG can be a useful feed ingredient for Hanwoo steers in mid-fattening period to slaughter.

유년기 III급 부정교합자에서 이모장치의 치료 효과에 관한 연구 (A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CHINCAP IN JUVENILE SKELETAL GLASS III MALOCCLUSION)

  • 남동석;서정훈;양원식;장영일
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.517-531
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구는 유년기의 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자에게 이모장치를 착용하여 치료하였을 때 나타나는 변화를, 보다 적절한 대조군을 이용하여 알아보고자 시행하였다. 이모장치를 이용하여 치료한 하악전돌의 골격성 III급 부정교합자중에서 치료 시작 시기가 약 7세경인 29명(남자 14명, 여자 15명)을 실험군으로 하였고, 비슷한 연령으로 골격적 상태가 유사하며 어떤 형태의 교정치료도 받지 않은 III급 부정교합자 21명(남자 10명, 여자 11명)을 대조군으로 하였다. 2년의 관찰 기간을 거쳐, 초기 및 2년 후의 두부방사선사진을 계측 분석하여 그 변화량을 비교한 결과(t-test, p<0.05) 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 이모장치를 착용하지 않은 대조군에서는 악골의 부조화가 개선되지 않고, 심화되는 방향으로 성장하였다. 즉, 치료하지 않은 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자는 성장에 의해 개선이 일어나지 않음을 나타내었다. 이모장치를 착용한 실험군에서는 전후방 골격 부조화가 감소하였으며, 하악 전돌감이 개선되었다. 2. 두개저와 상악골의 성장은 이모장치에 의해 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 3. 이모장치의 하악골 성장억제 효과를 인정할수 없었으나, 하악골의 성장 방향의 변화 및 성장 형태의 변화가 관찰되었다. 4. 이모장치 착용시 수직적 성장 경향이 증가하였다. 5. 연구 성적을 종합적으로 검토한 결과, 이모장치의 주된 치료 기전은 하악골의 후하방 회전과 변위이며, 성장 방향과 형태의 변화가 부분적으로 기여한다고 볼 수 있었다. 위의 결과를 종합해 보면 이모장치의 치료효과는 하악 골격 성장의 억제효과라기 보다는 하악골의 후방 회전과 변위에 의한 것이며 성장기 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자에서 골격 부조화의 개선 및 전돌감 해소에 유용한 장치라고 생각된다.

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흉(胸).요추압박골절(腰椎壓迫骨折)에 대한 봉약침(蜂藥鍼) 복합치료(複合治療) 효과(效果) (Effect of Bee Venom Acupuncture Complex Therapy of Thoracolumbar Compression Fracture)

  • 양가람;송호섭
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 2008
  • Methods : We investigated 28 cases of patients with thoracolumbar compression fracture. We divided patients into two groups : We treated one group with complex oriental medical treatment focusing on Bee Venom Acupuncture therapy, and did the other group with complex oriental medical treatment focusing on acupuncture therapy. To investigate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and Oswestry Low-back Pain Disability Index(ODI). We compared the VAS score and ODI score of two groups statistically. Results : 1. Female is prominent in distribution of sex, the average age bracket is 70's, and the largest group was Faccidental fall in the distribution of cause. 2. In regard to level of injury, T12 was found to be most prominent, followed in turn by L1, L2. In regard to grade of clinical symptoms, Grade III was most prominent, followed by Grade IV, Grade II. 3. As a result of evaluation by using VAS score and ODI score, treatment score at final was significantly different from that at the baseline in each group. 4. After treatment, Bee Venom acupuncture therapy group showed significant difference on VAS score and ODI score compared with acupuncture therapy group. Conclusions : Bee Venom acupuncture therapy can be available for relieving symptoms related with thoracolumbar compression fracture.

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뇌 교종 96예에 대한 방사선치료 성적의 후향적 분석 (The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Intracranial Glioma : Retrospective Analysis of 96 Cases)

  • 김연실;강기문;최병옥;윤세철;신경섭;강준기
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.249-258
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    • 1993
  • 1983년 3월부터 1989년 12월까지 가톨릭의과대학 강남성모병원 치료방사선과에서 뇌교종으로 방사선치료를 받은 환자 90명을 대상으로 방사선치료 성적 및 생존률에 영향을 미치는 예후인자들의 후향적 분석조사를 실시하였다. 대상환자의 연령분포는 3세에서 69세였으며(중앙값 42세), 남녀비는 60:36이었고, 임상주증상은 두통 및 $(67\%)$ 운동신경 마비 $(54\%)$였다. 조직학적 진단방법 및 수술은 생검 21명 $(22\%)$, 부분절제 21명 $(22\%)$, 아전절제 29명 $(30\%)$, 전절제 14명 $(15\%)$이였고, 뇌간을 침습한 환자 12명중 11명은 조직검사를 시행하지 않았다. 조직학적 분류는 성상세포종이 64명 (75\%)$으로 가장 많았고, 회돌기교세포종이 17명 $(20\%)$, 혼합형이 4명$(5\%)$였다. 조직학적 등급에 따른 구분은 49명이 grade I, II 종양$(58\%)$이였으며, 30명이 grade III, IV종양$(42\%)$이였다. 전체 96명 중 64명 $(67\%)$이 수술과 방사선 치료를 병행하였고, 32명$(33\%)$이 방사선단독 요법으로 치료하였으며, 25명$(26\%)$의 환자에서 화학요법을 병행하였다. 전체환자의 평균 생존기간은 53개월이었고, 2년 및 5년 생존률이 각각 $69\%,\;49\%$이였다. 조직학적 등급에 의한 생존률은 grade I 종양의 5년 생존률이 $70\%$였고, grade II, III, IV 종양이 각각 $58\%,28\%,15\%$였다. 연령, 조직학적 등급 및 분류, Karnofsky performance status(KPS), 침습부위, 수술적 제거여부 및 제거정도, 방사선치료선량, 방사선조사야, 화학요법 병행 여부에 따라 생존률을 분석한 결과 연령 (p=0.0121), KPS(p=0.0002), 조직학적 등급(P=0.0001), 수술적 제거 (p=0.0240)가 유의한 예후인자로 분석되었으며, 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 천막하병소가 천막상부 병소에 비해, 부분조사가 전뇌조사에 비해 높은 생존률을 보이는 매개변수로 분석되었다.

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승모판치환수술의 장기 임상성적 (Long Term Experience of Mitral Valve Replacement)

  • 조용길;류지윤
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제29권10호
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    • pp.1102-1110
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    • 1996
  • 1955년 9월 부터 1995년 7월까지 230례의 승모판치환수술이 시행되었다. 이 중 남자는 77명 여자가 153명이 었고 평균 연령은 35.7였다. 동반된 수술은 대동맥 판막치 환술(40례), 삼첨 판윤성 형술(25례), 대동맥판치환술+삼첨판성형술(8례),삼첨판치환술(2례)등이 있었다. 139례의 기계판막과 91개의 조직판막이 치환되었으며, 판막의 크기와 사용된 수는 31 mm(75개), 29mm(66개), 33mm(46개), 27mm(29개) 및 25mm(14개) 등이었다. 수술전 NYHA 기능적 등급은 II(76례), III(123례), IV(31례)였으며 술후 I(175례), II(49례) 등으로 호전되었다. 술후 조기 합병증은 28에서 발생하였으며 저심박출증씨 8례로 가장 많았다. 조기사망은 6례 (2.6%)였으며 사망원인은 저심박출증(2례), 부정맥(2례), 심장파열(2례) 등이 었다. 총 추적 기간 누계는 764.4 환자-년이었으며 평균추적 기간은 43.9개월이었다. 판막과 유관한 장기 합병증은 21례에서 발생하였으며 이중 판막파괴가 10례(1.3%1환자-년), 항응혈제 출혈 5례(0.7%/환자-년), 심내막염 4례(0.5%1환자-년) 혈색전증 2례(0.3%/환자-년) 등이었고 심장에 연유한 사망은 5례(0.7%/환자-년)에서 발생하였다. 9년 장기추적중 합병증 및 사망비발생률이 판막 상호간에 유의한 차가 없었으나 판막파괴비 발생률이 기계 판막(100%)과 조직 판막(34.4%) 사이에 유의한 차가 있었다(p=0.032). 9년간 보험통계적 생존률은 96.6%였다.

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Morphological, Phylogenetic and Biological Characteristics of Ectropis obliqua Single-Nucleocapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus

  • Ma Xiu-cui;Xu Hai-Jun;Tang Mei-Jun;Xiao Qiang;Hong Jian;Zhang Chuan-Xi
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.77-82
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    • 2006
  • The tea looper caterpillar, Ectropis obliqua, is one of the major pests of tea bushes. E. obliqua single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (EcobSNPV) has been used as a commercial pesticide for biocontrol of this insect. However only limited genetic analysis for this important virus has been done up to now. EcobSNPV was characterized in this study. Electron microscopy analysis of the occlusion body showed polyhedra of 0.7 to $1.7\;{\mu}m$ in diameter containing a single nucleocapsid per envelope of the virion. A 15.5 kb genomic fragment containing EcoRI-L, EcoRI-N and HindIII-F fragments, was sequenced. Analysis of the sequence revealed that the fragment contained eleven potential open reading frames (ORFs): lef-1, egt, 38.7k, rrl, polyhedrin, orfl629, pk-1, hoar and homologues to Spodoptera exigua multicapsid NPV (SeMNPV) ORFs 15, 28, and 29. Gene arrangement and phylogeny analysis suggest that EcobSNPV is closely related to the previously described Group II NPV. Bioassays on lethal concentration $(LC_{50}\;and\;LC_{90})$ and lethal time $(LT_{50}\;and\;LT({90})$ were conducted to test the susceptibility of E. obliqua larvae to the virus.