• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.44-56
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• 2009

冲动购买是指一个没有预先购物意向的立即购买. 以往对冲动购买的研究主要集中于和营销组合变量, 环境因素, 消费人口和特征相关的因素. 在以前的研究中, 营销组合变量如产品种类, 产品类型和氛围, 包括广告, 优惠券, 销售活动, 促销刺激销售点, 和媒体格式都已被用于评估产品信息. 有些作者还着重围绕消费者的情境因素. 如信用卡的使用, 时间, 产品运输性, 发现购物同伴的存在和数量对冲动购买/冲动趋势有积极的影响. 研究也已评估了个体特征的影响, 如年龄, 性别, 以及消费者的教育程度, 以及拥挤的感知, 刺激和接触的需要等因素对冲动购买的影响. 概括来说, 以前的研究发现所有的产品都可以被冲动地购买(Vohs and Faber, 2007), 即环境因素可以影响或至少促使冲动购买行为. 最近新的分销渠道的推出, 例如家庭购物渠道, 折扣店和网上商店, 这些24小时都营业的形式增加了冲动购买的可能性. 然而, 以前的文献重点关注情境和营销变量, 因此这些研究所考虑的消费者的主要特征仍然是缺乏的. 为了弥补这个缺陷, 本研究根据研究的第三个惯例并关注个体特质变量, 这些是很少被研究的. 更具体地来说, 本研究探索了冲动购买趋势对冲动购买行为是否有积极的影响, 并评估了消费者特点例如认知闭合需要(NFCC), 心理健康和人际敏感性是如何影响消费者冲动购买的趋势. 这项调查结果显示, 消费者的情感冲动, 对冲动购买行为产生积极的影响, 而认知冲动并没有对冲动购买行为的影响. 此外, 情感冲动购买倾向是被认知闭合需要的构成因素所推动的, 如果断和模糊不适; 心理健康, 如环境控制和生活的目标, 以及规范和信息的影响. 此外, 认知冲动倾向是被认知闭合需要的构成因素所驱动的决断, 模棱两可的不适和密切的态度, 心理健康和环境控制, 以及规范性和信息的影响. 本研究具有重要理论意义. 第一, 情感冲动对冲动购买行为有巨大影响. 以前的研究根据情感和流动理论提出, 低到中等程度的冲动是自我控制减少或自我监管机制失败所造成的. 本研究证实了上述观点. 二, 本研究通过确认冲动购买趋势可以看做是情感和认知两个维度的二维概念, 并说明冲动购买行为主要是由情感冲动解释, 而不是认知冲动. 第三, 目前的研究有新的概念, 如在本研究的模型中作为潜在影响因子的心理健康和认知闭合需要, 从而对现有的文献做出了贡献. 通过多维概念例如心理健康和认知闭合需要, 有关消费者信息过程的多个方面可以被评估. 第五, 本研究通过确定规范和信息这两个竞争路线扩展了现有的文献. 规范影响发生在个人符合别人的期望或提高他们的自我形象时. 而信息的影响发生在个人搜索来自他人知识信息和观察他人行为之后的推论. 本研究显示了这两个相互竞争的社会影响力的路线, 可以归因于不同影响力的来源. 目前的研究也有许多实际的启示. 首先, 它表明, 公司应该更多关注其首要的目标, 有情感冲动的消费者. 这一方面公司可以创造更振奋精神的购物环境. 二, 目前的结果表明, 认知闭合需要与认知方面的冲动有密切相关的. 这些人是被不经意的想法所驱动的, 而不是感觉或兴奋. 在购买点理性的广告会吸引这些客户. 第三, 容易受规范性影响的消费群是另一个潜在的目标市场. 零售商和制造商, 通过宣传其产品和/或可用于识别或符合愿望组在对他人的期望的产品服务. 但是, 作为一个细分市场, 零售商应避免目标消费群易受信息的影响. 这些人对有关购买的产品服务进行了广泛的信息搜索, 因此更详细, 长期理性的广告信息可以内化这些消费者的思想过程. 本文的结果有几个原因应慎重解释. 这项研究采用了数量较少的便利样本, 而且只调查了两个维度的行为. 为此, 今后的研究应包括更多样化特点和衡量行为的不同方面的样本. 未来的研究还应该调查与情感作用理论密切相关的个性特征. 在以后的研究中, 特征变量会是很另人感兴趣的领域, 如感觉的好奇, 人际敏感性的好奇心, 和气氛反应.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

This study conducted to identify the influence of consume propensity on the visiting satisfaction among 253 people who visited the themed restaurants across the country within two months from the date of January 7, 2016. The result of this study are as following: Sociality, impulsivity, and planning are used for estimating the propensity to consume, and sociality (${\beta}=.551$, p<.001), impulsivity (${\beta}=.094$, p<.05), and planning (${\beta}=.328$, p<.001) had the significant positive (+) influence on satisfaction. Second, the choice of the themed restaurant had the significant positive (+) influence on the all variables of consume propensity in the first stage model that the propensity to consume of consumers was considered as an independent variable. In the second stage input model, the choice of restaurant (${\beta}=0.228$, p<.01) had the significant positive influence. That is, the choice of restaurants generally elevated the satisfaction of visiting the themed restaurants. In the third stage that the interaction between the propensity to consume of consumers was considered as an independent variable. The results show there was the significant positive (+) regulation effect with sociality (${\beta}=.108$, p<.05) and planning (${\beta}=.167$, p<.05), but there was no influence with impulsivity.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.552-562
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the state of middle school students' addicted use of a cellular phone and their psychosocial characteristics and to examine differences in psychosocial factors as impulsivity, stress, anxiety and classroom attitudes according to the level of addiction. Method: As the subjects of this study, 747 middle school students who use a cellular phone in B Metropolitan City were selected through stratified random sampling, and they were asked to answer a self-administered study questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results Among the respondents, 15.7% fell into the addicted user group while 56.0% fell into the dependent user group and 28.3% turned out to be non-addicted users. The levels of impulsivity, stress and anxiety were higher in the addicted user group than in the dependent user group and the non-addicted user group. The addicted user group also showed a very bad learning attitude. Conclusion: Addiction to the use of a cellular phone, which may have negative influences on the users' psychosocial characteristics, needs to be detected earlier, and preventive education should be offered in order to prevent such addiction.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.381-394
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• 2016

Purpose: In this study, the fitness of a path model on suicidal ideation in university students was examined including the relationship of the following stress perception, problem focused coping style, dysfunctional impulsivity, somatization, anger, and depression. Methods: The subjects consisted of 645 university students. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyses was performed using SPSS/WIN 12.0 and LISREL 8.30. Results: According to the modified model, depression was found to have the most significant direct effect on suicidal ideation. Stress perception and problem focused coping style were also found to have a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation. On the other hand the anger, somatization, and dysfunctional impulsivity were found to have a significant indirect effect mediated by depression on suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These results suggest that university students' suicidal ideation can be decreased by managing stress perception, dysfunctional impulsivity, depression, anger, and somatization and increasing problem focused coping style. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to develop stress management methods and positive coping styles.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

목적 : 본 연구는 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애(ADHD) 아동들의 집중력 향상과 충동성 조절에 상호작용식 메트로놈(IM) 훈련이 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : ADHD 아동 1명을 대상으로 2016년 5월부터 7월까지 개별 실험 연구(single-subject experimental research design) 중 ABA'디자인을 적용하여 실시하였다. 총 21회기로 기초선 3회기, 중재기 15회기, 추적기 3회기를 시행하였다. 중재는 IM 훈련이었으며 매 회기마다 IM의 SFA(Short Form Assessment)와 집중력 측정과제를 수행하였다. 또한 기초선, 중재기, 추적기 때 각 한번씩 IM의 LFA(Long Form Assessment)와 자기통제력 검사(SCRS) 평가를 진행하였다. 매회기 SFA와 집중력 측정과제의 결과를 시각적 그래프로 나타내었으며 LFA와 SCRS의 값은 표로 제시하였다. 결과 : 기초선과 비교하여 IM 훈련 중재 후에 대상자의 집중력은 향상되었으며 충동성은 감소하였다. 중재가 끝나고 한 달 후인 추적기에도 그 효과가 유지되거나 향상됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 IM이 ADHD 아동의 집중력 향상과 충동성 조절에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였고 ADHD 아동의 중재방법으로써 임상적 근거를 제공하는데 의의가 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2006

연구목적 : 본 연구는 청소년들의 인터넷 중독과 우울, 충동성, 강박성과의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 :경기도 남양주시 소재의 인문계 고등학교 1, 2학년 학생 1410명(남자 611, 여자 799)을 대상으로 하였다. 인터넷 사용 형태에 관한 설문과 인터넷 중독여부는 Young의 인터넷 중독척도(Internet Addiction Scale, IAS)를 사용하였고, 우울증상의 평가는 Beck 우울 척도(Beck Depression Inventory, BDI)를 사용하였다. 충동성 측정을 위하여 Barratt의 충동성 척도(Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, BIS)를 사용하였으며, 강박성은 모즐리 강박 척도(Maudsley obsessive compulsive inventory, MOCI)를 사용하여 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 인터넷 중독 척도 상위 25%를 중독군으로 하위 25%를 비중독군으로 분류하였다. 결 과 : 1) 남학생이 여학생보다 인터넷 중독 점수에서 유의미하게 높았고, 중독군에 포함되는 비율도 더 높았다. 2) 중독군이 비중독군보다 하루 평균 인터넷 사용시간이 유의미하게 많았고, 사용분야에서는 게임에 몰두하는 경향이 있었다. 두 군 간의 인터넷 사용기간의 차이는 없었다. 3) 인터넷 중독군이 비중독군에 비해 우울정도, 충동성, 강박성 점수가 유의미하게 더 높게 나타났다. 4) 인터넷 중독 점수는 우울정도, 충동성, 강박성 점수들과 각각 의미 있는 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 우울정도, 충동성, 강박성 모두 인터넷 중독을 설명하는 변인이었으며, 그 중 충동성의 직접효과가 인터넷 중독을 가장 잘 설명하는 변인이었다. 청소년에서 높은 충동성이 인터넷 중독의 위험 인자가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 침전물이 전반적으로 관찰되었다. Tensile strength는 NaOCl군에서 다른 군에 비해 유의성 있는 증가를 보였으며 (p < 0.05). elongation rate는 3 종의 소독제 모두 대조군에 비해 유의성 있는 증가를 보였으나 (p < 0.05), 특히 ChloraPrep군에서 가장 큰 증가를 보였다. 본 연구 결과 3 종의 소독제 모두 근관충전 전 가타파차 콘의 rapid sterilization을 위해 유용하게 사용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop an intervention program for decreasing inattentive and impulsive behaviors of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) by combining cognitive training and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Subjects were 22 children who were classified as ADHD. Eleven children among the 22 were placed randomly in the experimental group; the remaining 11 children were placed in the control group. The effectiveness of the program was analyzed by ANCOVA after controlling for effects of pre-tests on criterion variables. Results of the present study showed that the cognitive intervention program was significantly effective for improving attention span and decreasing impulsivity of children with ADHD.

• 아동학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2003

Data for this study on computer game immersion were collected from 538 1st through 6th grade students with the use of questionnaires. Instruments included the computer immersion scale, and the self-concept, social avoidance and anxiety, aggression, and impulsiveness scales. Results showed that boys were more involved in computer games than girls, and 6th graders were more immersed than 1st through 5th graders. Self-concept, social anxiety, aggression, and impulsivity differed by degree of computer game immersion. Aggression was the most powerful explanation of computer game immersion. Children higher in impulsivity and social anxiety were more involved in computer games. Children higher in self-concept were less involved in computer games.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2015

We compared impulsive behaviors in Wistar rats and in Wistar-Kyoto rats. There was no significant difference in locomotor activity between them. However, Wistar rats showed high activity in 5-choice serial reaction time track. When Wistar rats were treated with atomoxetin (3 mg/kg), methylphenidate (2 mg/kg) or amphetamine (2 mg/kg), they showed less impulsive behavior. Serotonin contents in prefrontal cortex and brain stem also increased. In conclusion, we suggest that Wistar rats could be used as animal model for impulsive behavior analysis. In addition, serotonin might be related with this impulsivity.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern characteristics of symptoms for ADHD, the relationship between pattern identifications in TKM and TCM and three presentations of ADHD defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Methods The pattern characteristics of symptoms for ADHD from the 13 Korean and Chinese literatures were analyzed. ADHD symptoms of each pattern were classified into 3 categories; symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and others. The characteristics of patterns for ADHD in Traditional Medicine were compared with three presentations of ADHD defined in DSM-5. Results 1. The pattern of dual deficiency of the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛) showed predominant symptoms of inattention and rarely showed those of severe hyperactivity and impulsivity. This characteristic of ADHD can be related to the predominantly inattentive presentation in DSM-5. 2. The pattern of phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and the pattern of deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin (肝腎陰虛), frequently showed symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity compared with those of inattention. This characteristic of ADHD can be related to the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation in DSM-5. 3. The pattern of spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺) frequently showed both symptoms of hyperactivity, and this characteristic of ADHD can be related to the combined presentation in DSM-5. Conclusions This study showed the relationship between three presentations of ADHD defined in DSM-5 and the pattern identifications of ADHD in TKM and TCM.