• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.219-229
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• 2023

Consumer demand for products with health benefits and natural ingredients is significant for the expansion of functional foods. Edible films and coatings are an excellent way to diversify the market for functional foods and as substitutes for the prevailing packaging and products. Incorporation of whey protein (WP) and its active ingredients into edible films and coatings is a promising technique that can be applied to various food products. Numerous combinations can be used on an industrial scale depending on the purpose, product, nature of the film, type of active ingredient, and type of inclusions. In this review, we describe several characteristics of edible WP films and coatings used as novel packaging materials. WP-based packaging can play a beneficial role in sustainability because of the option of recycling materials rather than incinerating, as in synthetic laminates, because of the use of natural byproducts from the food industry as raw materials. However, cost-effectiveness is a driving force against industrial setbacks in current and future WP processing developments. The industrial application of this new technology depends on further scientific research aimed at identifying the mechanism of film formation to improve the performance of both the process and product. Furthermore, research such as consumer studies and long-term toxicity assessments are required to obtain significant market shares.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2024

Background: There is growing international recognition of the need for improvements to national chemical management systems for hazardous chemicals. The European Union has recently introduced the concept of 'essential uses' as a new approach to the management hazardous chemicals by limiting their uses. Objectives: This paper examines the concept of essential uses in chemical management and how to apply it through a case study of essential use. This approach is distinct from the current chemical management system, but seeks to improve its potential benefits by effectively restricting or gradually decreasing the use of hazardous substances. Methods: The concept of essential uses was introduced by reviewing the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Cousins's three essentiality categories applied to PFAS, restriction options assessed in the PFAS restriction proposal under REACH, and the California Safer Consumer Products regulations prioritizing 6PPD in motor vehicle tires. Based on these essential uses concepts for PFAS and 6PPD, uses of benzene were classified in accordance with the essential uses approach for products using benzene in South Korea. Results: The essential use concept is able to manage the restriction and authorization of substances of concern through essential uses and non-essential uses and the feasible substitution of uses and substances. Conclusions: If the concept and methodology of essential uses are clearly established, they can be expected to shift the national chemical management paradigm from regulating substances to limiting uses under the existing substance management system.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Modern cities are actively adopting smart city services to address various urban challenges. Geospatial information acts as the foundational infrastructure of smart cities, promoting the sustainable development of urban areas. Consequently, as the standardization and utilization of geospatial information increase, the efficiency and sustainability of smart city operations improve. To achieve this, collaboration among diverse stakeholders is crucial for delivering optimal smart city services based on geospatial information. This paper defines smart city services, focusing on transportation and building-energy domains, based on the life cycle of geospatial information technology. Emphasis is placed on the importance of applying and utilizing geospatial information standards. Additionally, this paper proposes the Smart City based on Geospatial Information standards (SCGI) framework to provide insights into standardizing smart city services mapped to geospatial information standards. This research suggests a new paradigm for standardizing smart city services using geospatial information standards to offer customized solutions, thereby discussing the future development possibilities of smart cities.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.289-304
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• 2024

Purpose - Focusing on the FGI research method, the current status and issues of barrier-free tourism in Gangwon State were identified, and specific activation plans were derived Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted in-depth interviews with 20 experts related to the tourism industry. The issues, current status, and activation plan of barrier-free tourism in Gangwon State recognized by experts in tourism policy, tourism administration, tourism management, and tourism service industry were derived. Findings - First, the tendency of businesses to be promoted based on the non-disabled by not recognizing the weak as the main tourism demand group, second, confusion caused by the unification of terms related to barrier-free tourism, third, lack of finding tourism constraints subdivided according to the type and degree of disability, fourth, tourism information and evaluation indicators provided by prioritizing the convenience of suppliers rather than consumers, and fifth, the nature of the project focused on improving access to physical infrastructure. Subsequently, the results of the analysis of the plan to revitalize the barrier-free tourism industry in Gangwon State were as follows. First, education and programs to improve disability awareness appropriate to local conditions were activated, second, related information was unified and project sustainability was improved by creating a control tower for the barrier-free tourism industry at the provincial level, third, to overcome the employment crisis based on finding locally tailored jobs related to tourism care professionals, and fourth, to continuously secure quantitative and qualitative data and establish utilization plans. Research implications or Originality - First, it presents theoretical implications for related fields by providing issues and activation measures related to barrier-free tourism from the perspective of experts who are still lacking in research in academia. The practical implications are that based on the opinions of experts working in the tourism field, more specific issues of the barrier-free tourism industry in the province were presented, and policy and practical solutions were presented accordingly, suggesting realistic alternatives that can be carried out in the actual field.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.153-158
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• 2023

Massacres of civilians are being committed in the Russia-Ukraine war, and the war is becoming a long-term war due to a lack of support for reserve combat forces. Considering the reality that South Korea is experiencing a rapid population decline and is rapidly entering an aging society, we are at a point where the nature of the war with North Korea must change. Among them, if private security guards are placed under the control of the police as regular security and crime prevention personnel and used as an alternative resource for reserve forces to ensure the safety of wartime areas and residents and prepare for long-term wars, it will help preserve combat power and maintain sustainability.Regarding private security, considering Japan's further development, we compared it with ours and looked into ways to utilize it as a reserve force for a divided country. In a future where low birth rates will lead to a decrease in military strength, if private security guards are used in local security vacuums during peacetime and participate in local defense during wartime, it could help improve the Korean military's reserve force.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1239-1248
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• 2024

Peatlands are marginal agricultural lands due to highly acidic soil conditions and poor drainage systems. Drought stress is a big problem in peatlands as it can affect plants through poor root development, so technological innovations are needed to increase the productivity and sustainability of upland rice on peatlands. Rhizobacteria can overcome the effects of drought stress by altering root morphology, regulating stress-responsive genes, and producing exopolysaccharides and indole acetic acid (IAA). This study aimed to determine the ability of rhizobacteria in upland rice to produce exopolysaccharides and IAA, identify potential isolates using molecular markers, and prove the effect of rhizobacteria on viability and vigor index in upland rice. Rhizobacterial isolates were grown on yeast extract mannitol broth (YEMB) medium for exopolysaccharides production testing and Nutrient Broth (NB)+L-tryptophan medium for IAA production testing. The selected isolates identify using sequence 16S rRNA. The variables observed in testing the effect of rhizobacteria were germination ability, vigour index, and growth uniformity. EPS-1 isolate is the best production of exopolysaccharides (41.6 mg/ml) and IAA (60.83 ppm). The isolate EPS-1 was identified as Klebsiella variicola using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The isolate EPS-1 can increase the viability and vigor of upland rice seeds. K. variicola is more adaptive and has several functional properties that can be developed as a potential bioagent or biofertilizer to improve soil nutrition, moisture and enhance plant growth. The use of rhizobacteria can reduce dependence on the use of synthetic materials with sustainable agriculture.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.31-41
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• 2024

Recently, local governments have increased interest in installing fiberglass reinforced plastics (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics) mascot sculptures to highlight regional identity and stimulate the economy. These FRP sculptures are primarily produced using the hand lay-up method, which relies heavily on worker skill and poses challenges for consistent quality control, highlighting the need for standardized production processes. This study involved in-depth interviews with eight experts, each with over 10 years of experience in FRP sculpture production. The interviews revealed issues such as variations in production processes due to non-standardized specifications, inconsistent product quality, inadequate workforce training, inefficient production costs, and an aging workforce. These problems have led to decreased product quality and productivity. However, there is a strong desire among industry professionals for standardization to address these issues. Similar production processes across companies suggest that a flexible approach to standardization, considering each manufacturer's unique characteristics, could be effective. Thus, further discussion and research on standardizing FRP sculpture production processes are needed to improve quality and ensure industry sustainability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of Flexi-bar exercise on plantar pressure and Center of Pressure in a standing position. Design: Single group pre-post test design Methods: Thirty healthy adult participants aged 20 to 35 years old and no recent musculoskeletal injuries were included in this single-group pre-post design study. Plantar pressure and COP data were collected using the WinTrack system before and after Flexi-bar exercise. Participants performed Flexi-bar exercises in both anterior-posterior and lateral directions for 30 seconds each. Results: The results revealed significant changes in plantar pressure and COP after Flexi-bar exercise. The support area of the left foot significantly increased (p<0.05), and a significant decrease in mean pressure was observed in the right foot (p<0.05). The total COP path length and area significantly decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in COP velocity along the X and Y axes (p<0.05). These findings suggest that Flexi-bar exercise can enhance plantar pressure distribution and COP movement patterns, contributing to improved balance ability. Conclusion: Flexi-bar exercise, performed in a standing position, has the potential to improve plantar pressure and COP characteristics. This exercise may serve as a valuable tool for enhancing balance ability. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and sustainability of these improvements.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.643-661
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• 2015

Korea Teachers Pension (private school pension) is a mandatory pension and a social security system for private school teachers to ensure the stability of subscribers by a supplying pension when they (and their dependents) face future economic risk due to retirement or death. Therefore, the Teachers Pension must provide stability and sustainability in regards to adequacy of income and to function as a pension. However, the Government Employees Pension System (GEPS) of Korea (the most representative special occupation pension) recorded a fiscal deficit in 2001 and with an accumulated deficit that is expected to grow; subsequently, various plans for the reform of GEPS have been actively discussed. The Korea Teachers Pension system is based on the GEPS scheme and is not free from the GEPS discussions on reforms of national pension. The current system for the Teachers Pension needs to be improved because it is expected to be depleted within the next 30 years due to low fertility and an aging population in Korea. This study discusses existing Teachers Pension schemes problems and suggests a projection method and revised plans to improve it. We use long-term financial projections of the Teachers Pension to estimate the fund exhaustion point and the minus balance of the financial scale as well as analyze the supply-demand burden structure that reflects the future population structure to propose Teachers Pension reforms that will improve stability and adequacy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.561-569
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• 2020

This study was done to develop indicators for cities that can be used in the long term and in a sustainable manner. Activation indicators were developed to improve the resilience in the downtown area of Seo-gu, Incheon. Preliminary indicators were derived from prior studies on similar indicators of resilience for urban regeneration, and an expert opinion survey was conducted to analyze the suitability and importance of the indicators. Activation indicators were established for improving urban resilience in six areas: population stability, social inclusion, industrial diversity, local productivity, environmental sustainability, and social-based convenience. From 60 preliminary indicators, 42 indicators were selected through the expert opinion surveys for securing an economically active population, establishing a living infrastructure, improving the settlement environment, and upgrading industry to reflect the characteristics of the West, including industrial complexes. It was found that diversification is necessary. Further study is still necessary to improve the objectivity of the indicators and calculate a resilience index. The significance of this study is that it looks at quantitative indicators, complements other studies on regional decline diagnosis, and presents realistic alternatives suitable for domestic situations based on the concept of resilience.