• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2008

This study was carried out to estimate the quality of Jeonbuk-originated brand rice by comparing with other domestic brand rices and imported market rices. Rice variety, "Ilmi" was a major portion of brand rices in Jeonbuk region, and in few portion, there were variety-mixed brands, Shindongjin, Kosihikari, and Hitomebore. Comparing the ratio of head rice of high-quality Jeonbukoriginated brand rice with other domestic brand rices were not significantly different. Head rice ratio and mechanical taste values were not significantly different between high-quality Jeonbuk-originated brand rice and the other domestic brand rices. The contents of protein, moisture, amylose of rice were also not significantly different between them. The quality of high-quality Jeonbuk-originated brand rice was as good as that of other domestic brand rices and had not changed it by period. The foreign rice imported from United States, Chinese (involved parboiled), Thailand and the domestic rice cultivated in Jeonbuk province were investigated. There could get difference on the major component related to palatability of rice as country in this study. Comparing with foreign rices. protein content of domestic rice (6.1%) was similar with that of United States, lower than those of Chinese and Thailand. The head rice ratio of the domestic rice was 92%, which was similar with those of Unite State and Chinese but the Chinese parboiled rice was completely cracked during processing. The setback viscosity of domestic rice related to retrogradation was lower than those of the imported rice except United States. The Ad (Adhesiveness / H(Hardness) ratio was higher in the domestic and United States rice.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 2017

An experimental pick-up type pulse crop harvester was built and its harvesting performance for green kernel black bean was evaluated. Field bean loss and harvested bean quality of the harvester were analyzed according to engine speeds of 2,000; 2,400; 2,800; 3,000; and 3,200 rpm, and travel speeds of 0.6; 1.0; and 1.4 m/s. Operating conditions and field capacity of the harvester for proper harvesting were estimated. The harvester had an optimum performance at a grain moisture content of 13.4%, an engine speed of 3,000 rpm, and a travel speed of 1.2 - 1.3 m/s. Subsequently, the picking-up, discharging, and total bean loss ratios were found to be 1.6, 1.3, and 2.9%, respectively. The whole bean, damaged bean, unthreshed bean, and foreign material ratios were determined to be 96.2, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.3%, respectively. Results showed that the harvester had lower bean loss and higher harvested bean quality than those of imported bean combines. The harvester could harvest 2 rows with a crop spacing of an approximately 1.4 m. Its optimum travel speed was estimated to be approximately 1.2 m/s when harvesting performance was taken into account using such variables as field bean loss and harvested bean quality for green kernel black bean. Effective field capacity of the harvester was estimated at approximately 40 a/h.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

End-use properties of 26 Korean wheat cultivars (KWC) were evaluated to assess consumer satisfaction with 6 imported wheat and 5 commercial wheat flours. In end-use quality testing of cooked noodles, Absorption of noodle dough sheet of ASW (Australian standard white) was similar to Anbaek, Eunpa, Gobun, Hanbaek, Jeokjoong, Jonong, Namhae, and Sukang. Thickness of noodle dough sheet of KWC was showed thin difference. In imported wheat and commercial flour, Commercial flour for baking cookie (Com5) with lower protein flour was lower than those flours. In lightness of prepared noodle dough sheet, Lightness value ($L^*$) of KWC was lower than those of Commercial flour for making white salted noodle (Com1), commercial flour for making for yellow alkaline noodle (Com2), and commercial flour for multi-purpose (Com4). Lightness value ($L^*$) showed significantly negative correlations with particle size of flour, ash, damaged starch, and protein content. Hardness of cooked noodles positively correlated with protein content. In texture of cooked noodles, Hardness of Com1 was similar to that of Alchan, Dahong, Jeokjoon, and Sukang. Also, hardness of Com2 was similar to that of Gobun, Jokyung, Jonong, Keumkang, and Namhae. In end-use quality of bread, bread loaf volume of commercial flour for making bread (Com3) was similar to Alchan, Jokyung, Keumkang, and Namhae but firmness was low. Bread volume showed better relationships with higher SDS-sedimentation volume, longer mixing time of mixograph, higher height of dough during development. Firmness of crumb was negatively correlated with bread volume. Diameter of cookie showed significantly negative correlations with particle size of flour, damaged starch, and protein content. Also, Top gain score became higher as the increase diameter of cookie. In end-use quality testing of cooked cookie, Cookie diameter of Com5 was similar to that of Dahong, Geuru, Olgeuru, Tapdong, and Uri but top grain was low.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.327-327
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• 2017

The effect of different seedling ages and transplanting times on the growth and yield of Indica ${\times}$ Japonica rice for noodle processing was evaluated to develop a high yielding cultivation technology for increasing the competition against the imported foreign rice. Four seedling ages (10-, 20-, 30- and 33-day old) of two Indica ${\times}$ Japonica rice cultivars (cvs. Saemimyeon and Palbangmi) and three transplanting dates (May 20, May 30 and June 9) were used in the study. Our results showed that the growth and rice yield of the two cultivars were significantly affected by the different seedling ages and transplanting times. Dry matter production at the panicle heading of the two rice cultivars were generally higher in the 30-day old seedling than the other seedling age treatments and then gradually decreased as the transplanting time was delayed from May 20 to June 9. Similar high panicle number per square meter were recorded at the 30-day old seedling between May 20-May 30 transplanting times. In contrast, other yield parameters that includes spikelet number per panicle, 1,000-brown rice weight, and ripened grain ratio (except for the June 9 transplanting time of Palbangmi) were not significantly affected. The milled rice yield of Saemimyeon was higher than that of the Palbangmi regardless of seedling ages and it was also the highest at the 30-day old seedling with four seedling ages. The milled rice yield of Saemimyeon was only slightly decreased as the transplanting time was delayed from the May 20 to June 9 but Palbangmi had a significantly lower milled rice yield at June 9 transplanting due to the low ripened grain ratio. The result indicates that the most suitable seedling age for the cultivars tested was at 30-day old seedling for noodle processing rice and recommended transplanting times were between May 20 and May 30 for the high rice yield in the Yeongnam plain area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.455-459
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• 1985

This study is to select good diploid clones and develope them into FDR clones. Seventeen diploid clones were selected by tuber plants from the imported diploid potato seeds and from the progenies of the crosses between them. The characteristics of the selected clones were reported. Fifteen clones were crossed among them or open pollinated or bulk pollinated, and 18 selections were made from the seed progenies of these pollinations. Male and female unreduced gametes were searched by crossing 2x, 4x and by microtechnique. Only one clone, D6-21 was found to produce unreduced male gamete with the rate of 27-30% by FDR. Unreduced female gamete has not been found among these diploids.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.95-117
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate nitrogen discharge from Korea (southern part of Korean peninsula) as NPS(non-point source) by mass balance approach; input and output analyses of nitrogen using existing data available. The material flow was sectored into three different activities; agricultural (raising crop and animals), human and natural activities in forest and urban areas. Atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, inorganic fertilizers and manures applied, animal feed and imported foodstuffs such as crops, meat and fish were the inputs in this study, while ammonia volatilization, denitrification, human and animal waste generation, crop and meat production, and discharge into river to ocean were the outputs. The estimated total nitrogen input was $1,194.5{\times}10^3$ tons N/year and the river discharge was 408 to $422{\times}10^3$ tons N/year, of which 66 to 71% was from NPS. In detail, the estimated NPS discharges were respectively $8,274\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from agricultural area, $730\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from forest and $7,657\;kg\;N/km^2$/year from the other land areas such as urban and industrial area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the introduced route of exotic weeds and the effects of herbicide treatment. Herbicide trial was arranged as a completely randomized block design with treatment 1(\circled1 Dicamba $1\ell$/ha, \circled2 Mecoprop $5\ell$/ha, \circled3 Bentazone $3\ell$.ha, \circled4 Glyphosate $4\ell$/ha and \circled5 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 2kg/ha), and treatment 2(\circled1 Dicamba $2\ell$/ha, \circled2 Dicamba $4\ell$/ha, \circled3 Glyphosate $6\ell$/ha, \circled4 Glyphosate 4+Dicamba $1\ell$/ha and \circled5 Glyphosate 4+dicamba $2\ell$/ha) against 10 exotic weed species, and conducted in Suwon, Seosan and Yeongam from 1997 to 1999. Exotic weeds have been mostly introduced within imported cereals for concentrate feed or within seeds for forage production. Most of exotic weeds in forage crop field were controlled more than 95% by herbicide, but it was desirable that the control of exotic weeds was abreast of chemical and ecological method.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.55-62
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• 2002

With lower quality and three to four times higher price than those of imported malting barley, the competitiveness of domestic malting barley is decreasing. Although the causes can be found in that the domestic environments are much unfavorable to cultivate the malting barley compared with those of USA or Canada, it is mainly reasoned from poorer developments in variety of high quality malting barley as well as in cultivation technology. For assuring the competitiveness of domestic malting barley, therefore, not only the development of high quality malting barley suitable to the climatic environment of this country but also the political supports of the government are required. Also, in addition to the breeding of the good quality malting barley haying higher germinative energy, and heavier and larger kernels of good plumpness as well as lower protein content, the modification of quality inspection standards from the system relying only on the visual characteristics such as kernel size distribution rate, shrimped kernel rate, foreign materials and so on, to such system as those of developed countries haying quality criteria such as protein content for inspection is absolutely required for the quality improvement of domestic malting barley.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.434-439
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the contents of heavy metal in commercial herbal medicines. The monitoring of lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury was carried out on 100 samples with 10 kinds of herbal medicines. The contents of heavy metal were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. The mean values of heavy metal contents for herbal medicines were Pb 1.87 mg/kg, As 0.39 mg/kg, Cd 0.26 mg/kg and Hg 0.021 mg/kg. Of the total samples, 19 samples (19%, 4 types) were violated the KFDA regulatory guidance of heavy metal in herbal medicines (9 samples on Pb, 10 samples on Cd). Among these 19 unsuitable samples, 16 samples were domestic and 3 samples were imported. Therefore, we need continuously monitoring to ensure confidence and safety for these herbal medicines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.102-144
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• 1999

The major problems of food crop cultivation in Korea are low yield of most crops except rice. inefficient cultivation techniques for aged farmers. and low international competibility. Therefore, development of cultivation techniques of food crops should aim the yield. quality improvement, labor reduction and production cost. The primary issue for increasing the yield of soybean, barely and wheat is to reduce the yield gap between the farmer's yield and recommended ones of experiment station. More advanced cultivation techniques needs to be developed. and/or the conventional breeding methods to be reconsidered. The newly developed labor-saving mechanized technique needs to reduce labor hours , and the cost of agricultural implements and machineries. In other words the labor-saving mechanized technique should be developed based on the improvement of total farming system as well as systemic fundamental innovation of cultural methods. The efficiency of solar energy use in food production of Korea in 1997 is as low as $0.52{\%}$ so there is much room to increase yield. It is recommendable that the concept of food Production should be changed to energy Producing efficiency Per unit area basis from volume and weight of food materials. Moreover, introduction of resonable cropping system is needed to increase yield of main crops, farmer's income, solar energy use efficiency, and decrease of land service expenditure. Current cropping system emphasized on economic crops. especially in vegetables , is not desirable for resonable use of arable land. stability of agricultural management and staple food crop self-sufficiency ratio. It is desirable to increase food crops . that are energy of carbohydrate and protein rich and land dependent crops. in cropping system. And the agronomist should develop the cultural methods to replace food crops for food self-sufficiency and stable farming management instead of economic crops in current cropping system. Low-input and environmentally-sound crop cultivation techniques, especially nitrogen-reducing culture technique which is directly related to food crop quality, also needs to be developed urgently. The extended cultivation of corn in upland and barely and wheat in lowland as a feed stuffs is recommended to prevent further decrease of food self-sufficiency ratio, which is mainly caused by the high reliance on imported feed grain. It is also considered that the calculation and presentation methods of standard agricultural income needs to be improved. The current calculation method uses unit land area of 10a regardless of crop kinds , characteristics of agricultural management and cultivation scale. So, it is apt to lead misunderstanding of farm income value. Therefore. it should show an income of average farmers for certain number of years. Research and developing system for food producing is not desirable because they are conducted currently individual crop and mono-culture basis. But actual agricultural income is usually earned by cropping system including upland and lowland. For example. the barley and wheat is usually cultivated in double cropping system. The cooperation among research institutes such as university agribusiness. government and farmers is indispensible. The public information and education on importance and consumption habit of food crops is necessary in Korean society to increase food self-sufficiency through nationwide cooperation.