• Food Science and Industry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.55-68
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• 2010

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2018

Owing to the increase of FTA, food trade, and versatile preferences of consumers, food import has increased at tremendous rate every year. While the inspection check of imported food accounts for about 20% of the total food import, the budget and manpower necessary for the government's import inspection control is reaching its limit. The sudden import food accidents can cause enormous social and economic losses. Therefore, predictive system to forecast the compliance of food import with its preemptive measures will greatly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of import safety control management. There has already been a huge data accumulated from the past. The processed foods account for 75% of the total food import in the import food sector. The analysis of big data and the application of analytical techniques are also used to extract meaningful information from a large amount of data. Unfortunately, not many studies have been done regarding analyzing the import food and its implication with understanding the big data of food import. In this context, this study applied a variety of classification algorithms in the field of machine learning and suggested a data preprocessing method through the generation of new derivative variables to improve the accuracy of the model. In addition, the present study compared the performance of the predictive classification algorithms with the general base classifier. The Gaussian Naïve Bayes prediction model among various base classifiers showed the best performance to detect and predict the nonconformity of imported food. In the future, it is expected that the application of the abnormality detection model using the Gaussian Naïve Bayes. The predictive model will reduce the burdens of the inspection of import food and increase the non-conformity rate, which will have a great effect on the efficiency of the food import safety control and the speed of import customs clearance.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.44-49
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.321-331
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Pinoxaden is the phenylpyrazoline herbicide developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. and marketed on 2006. The maximum residue levels for wheat and barley were set by import tolerance. Thus, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) official analytical method determining Pinoxaden residue was necessary in various food matrixes. Satisfaction of international guideline of CODEX (Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) are additional pre-requirements for analytical method. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was investigated to analyze residue of Pinoxaden (M4), which is defined as pesticide residue in Korea, in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pinoxaden (M4) was extracted followed by acid digestion (2hr reflux with 1N HCl) and pH adjusting (pH 4-5 with 3% ammonium solution). To remove oil, additional clean-up step with hexane saturated with acetonitrile was required to high oil contained sample before purification. HLB cartridge and nylon syringe filter were used for purification. Then, samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using reserve phase column C₁₈. Five agricultural group representative commodities (mandarin, potato, soybean, hulled rice, and red pepper) were used to verify the method in this study. The liner matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficient of determination (r²) > 0.99 at calibration range 0.002-0.2 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, which were suitable to apply Positive List System (PLS). Mean average accuracies of pinoxaden (M4) were shown to be 74.0-105.7%. The precision of pinoxaden and its metabolites were also shown less than 14.5% for all five samples. CONCLUSION: The method investigated in this study was suitable to CODEX (CAC/GL 40) and National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation-MFDS (2017) guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrixes in routine analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.202-218
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• 2015

Many countries have introduced new imported food safety measures, following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. This study was conducted to evaluate the measures contents and effects on food trades values. Eight percent of members were notified the introduced measures to the World Trade Organization. The measures' contents were banning imports, enhancing inspection and adding certification requirement. The covered regions were some prefectures, entire Japan or all affected countries. European Union introduced a measure that subjecting foods originating from 12 prefectures to import at designated ports with required certification. The measures were amended 8 times until March 2014 to apply listed foods from 15 prefectures. The trade value of fishery products and miscellaneous foods were affected. Australia introduced a measure that required additional inspection of dairy, fishery and plants products from 13 prefectures with subsequent amendments. The trade value had no effect in tested foods. Chinese Taipei introduced a temporary import ban for all foods from 6 prefectures. Trade values for fruits were affected. The United States issued an import alert for detention without examination for listed prefectures and goods without introducing new measures. Although no specific products were affected, trade values for all foods were affected.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Accurate and simple analytical method determining Fluxametamid residue was necessary in various food matrices. Additionally, fulfilment of the international guideline of Codex (Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40) was required for the analytical method. In this study, we developed Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine the Fluxametamid residue in foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fluxametamid was extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned and concentrated with dichloromethane. To remove the interferences, silica SPE cartridge was used before LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) analysis with $C_{18}$ column. Five agricultural commodities (mandarin, potato, soybean, hulled rice, and red pepper) were used as a group representative to verify the method. The liner matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficient of determination ($r^2$) greater than 0.99 at calibration range of 0.001-0.25 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. Mean average accuracies were shown to be 82.24-115.27%. The precision was also shown to be less than 10% for all five samples. CONCLUSION: The method investigated in this study was suitable to the Codex guideline for the residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrices as routine analysis.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1998

This Study was performed to investigate the contents of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in cereal, pulse, nuts and these products of domestic and import. These results were as follows. 1. Average concentration(in ${\mu}g/kg$) of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in domestic foods were 2.6 in cereal, 3.9 in pulse, 4.2 in nuts and 1.4 grain products. The contents of aflatoxin B$_{1}$ in pulse and nuts were much higher than those of cereal and grain products. But their values were still within $10{\mu}g/kg$ the maximum residual level of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ for food of Korea. 2. Average contents of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in import foods were 4.8, 5.4, 6.0, $3.8{\mu}g/kg$ for cereal pulse , nuts and popcorn & peanuts butter, respectively. And these values were found to be below the maximum residual level ($10{\mu}g/kg$) of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ for food of Korea. 3. The concentration of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in 2 samples of domestic and 9 samples of import foods were over the tolerance limit for aflatoxin $B_{1}$ in food of Korea. Therefore, the hygienic managements of the foods should be required during storage and circulation at market.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate food additives, physico-chemical, sanitary state of the marketing jerky in domestic. The kind of sensory agents and food additives on the marketing jerky sample used 16~23 kinds, and the domestic processed by import beef was large number, but that domestic pork jerky was small number The moisture content on the import beef jerky were high, and crude protein on the import beef jerky and domestic pork jerky were high level, and crude fat on the domestic pork jerky were high, but crude ash on all jerky sample were similar level. Degree of saline on the import beef jerky was high, but the domestic beef jerky was low. The range of pH was 5.41~6.11, and that import beef jerky was little high, but the domestic beef jerky was low. Water activity value in pork jerky was 0.743, also had high, and domestic beef jerky was lowest than others jerky sample. Range of VBN value in jerky sample was 9.98~12.36mg%, and the range TBA value was 0.239~0.367, and that value showed difference in all jerky sample. The total general bacteria count of marketing jerky was 10$^3$~ 10$^4$ CFU/g, and import beef jerky was less higher than domestic beef and pork jerky.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.167-202
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate food additives, physico-chemical, sanitary state of the marketing jerky in domestic. The kind of sensory agents and food additives on the marketing jerky sample used 16~23 kinds, and the domestic processed by import beef was large number, but that domestic pork jerky was small number The moisture content on the import beef jerky were high, and crude protein on the import beef jerky and domestic pork jerky were high level, and crude fat on the domestic pork jerky were high, but crude ash on all jerky sample were similar level. Degree of saline on the import beef jerky was high, but the domestic beef jerky was low. The range of pH was 5.41~6.11, and that import beef jerky was little high, but the domestic beef jerky was low. Water activity value in pork jerky was 0.743, also had high, and domestic beef jerky was lowest than others jerky sample. Range of VBN value in jerky sample was 9.98~12.36mg%, and the range TBA value was 0.239~0.367, and that value showed difference in all jerky sample. The total general bacteria count of marketing jerky was 10$^3$~ 10$^4$ CFU/g, and import beef jerky was less higher than domestic beef and pork jerky.