• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.416-424
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• 2019

Peri-implantitis appears in almost 20% of patients who received implant treatment, and increase in its number is inevitable as time goes by. Although it can be treated by both non-surgical and surgical procedures, in cases which include severe bone loss, explantation and rehabilitation may be necessary. Careful treatment planning and considerations to prevent recurrent peri-implantitis should be taken into account. In the following case presented, a patient with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis was successfully rehabilitated after removal of several implants. Extraction and explantation of multiple teeth and implants were followed by full mouth reconstruction with fixed implant prostheses on the mandible and implant retained overdenture on the maxilla. Surgical and prosthetic measures to prevent recurrent peri-implantitis were taken into consideration.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.906-909
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• 2015

Peri-implantitis is the inflammatory process, such as edema, bleeding, pus, of the mucosa surrounding dental implants. As the symptoms become severe, the surrounding bone is absorbed causing the implant surface to be exposed. Clinicians treat periimplantitis in various ways since a gold standard for the treatment of peri-implantitis has not been established. Various treatment methods include mechanical, chemical surface treatment and surgical excision, and recently decontamination of the implant surface using various types of lasers has been proposed. Thus, this study reviews the types of lasers and its effects that can be used for the treatment of peri-implantitis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.12.1-12.5
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• 2018

Background: Subcutaneous emphysema refers to swelling caused by the presence of air or gas in the interstices of loose connective tissue. In the head and neck area, it may follow the fascial planes and is characterized by sudden swelling, crepitus on palpation, infrequent pain, and air emboli on radiography. It usually occurs as a complication in dental treatment. Some reports have described subcutaneous emphysema caused by dental procedures; however, severe emphysema related to peri-implantitis after treatment has not been documented. Accordingly, the current report describes a rare case of subcutaneous cervical emphysema resulting from the use of an air-powder abrasive device to treat peri-implantitis. Case presentation: Based on a review of the existing literature and the present case, nine cases of subcutaneous emphysema due to air-powder abrasive device have been reported. In most cases, the emphysema resolved over time after treatment with prophylactic antibiotics; among these, two were related to peri-implantitis management. Conclusion: Considering the frequent use of air-powder abrasive devices to treat peri-implantitis, the potential risk of iatrogenic emphysema related to this procedure needs to be addressed more extensively.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.340-348
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• 2015

Peri-implantitis is the most common reason for a late failure and can occur even after years of successful osseointegration. The role of microbial plaque accumulation in the development of peri-implantitis has been well documented. On the other hand, the ideal method of implant surface decontamination to re-establish the health of peri-implant tissue remains to be determined. Removal of bacterial deposits is essential in the treatment of peri-implant infections, and various therapeutic approaches have been described in the literature, including mechanical debridement, disinfection with chemotherapeutic agents, and laser therapy. Recently, there has been a plenitude of scientific data regarding the use of laser irradiation to achieve titanium surface decontamination. Thus, research is focusing on lasers' potential use in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The aim of this literature review is to analyze and evaluate the efficacy of laser therapy for the treatment of peri-implantitis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2014

Purpose: Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are inflammatory and infectious diseases of implant and tooth-supporting tissues. Recently, the role of gene polymorphisms of immune response components in the relevant pathogenesis has been investigated. The present study was the first to evaluate the relationship between two known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-${\beta}$ (RANK) gene (rs3018362 and rs35211496) in chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis patients in an Iranian population. Methods: Eighty-one periodontally healthy patients, 38 patients with peri-implantitis, and 74 patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from blood arm vein samples by using Miller's salting out technique according to the manufacturer's instructions given in the extraction kit. The concentration of DNA samples was measured using a spectrophotometer. The genetic polymorphisms of the RANK gene were evaluated using a competitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KBioscience allele specific PCR) technique. Differences in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles in the diseased and healthy groups were analyzed using chi-squared statistical tests (P<0.05). Results: Analysis of rs35211496 revealed statistically significant differences in the expression of the TT, TC, and CC genotypes among the three groups (P=0.00). No statistically significant difference was detected in this respect between the control group and the chronic periodontitis group. The expression of the GG, GA, and AA genotypes and allele frequencies (rs3018362) showed no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P=0.21). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the CC genotype of the rs35211496 RANK gene polymorphism was significantly associated with peri-implantitis and may be considered a genetic determinant for peri-implantitis, but this needs to be confirmed by further studies in other populations.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2024

Background: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that cause tissue damage and alveolar bone destruction resulting in the loss of teeth and implants. Due to the biological differences in the tissues surrounding the implants, peri-implantitis progresses more rapidly and intensely than periodontitis, underscoring the importance of understanding the characteristics and interactions of pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the pathogenic microorganisms associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis in Korean patients and evaluate the correlation between these bacteria. Methods: A total of 98 (52 males and 46 females) were randomly selected and classified into three groups (healthy group [HG]=25; periodontitis group [PG]=31; and peri-implantitis group [PIG]=42). The relative expression levels of 11 pathogenic microorganisms collected from the gingival sulcus fluid were determined using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella nigrescens were highly prevalent in the HG, PG, and PIG patients. The results of the relative quantitative analysis of microorganisms showed that all bacteria belonging to the green, orange, and red complexes were significantly more abundant in the PG and PIG than in the HG (p<0.05). Porphyromonas gingivalis in the red complex showed a positive correlation with all microorganisms in the orange complex (p<0.05). Campylobacter rectus in the orange complex showed a significant positive correlation with all microorganisms in the red complex, and with F. nucleatum, P. nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, and Eubacterium nodatum (p<0.05). Conclusion: P. gingivalis, C. rectus, and F. nucleatum exhibit strong interactions. Removing these bacteria can block complex formation and enhance the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.397-405
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of peri-implant disease after at least 7 years of dental implant loading. Methods: A total of 111 patients with 218 dental implants were treated. The follow-up period for all implants was at least 7 years. The patients' dental records were collected and risk factors of peri-implant disease were investigated through logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall implant survival rate was 95.87%, because 9 of the 218 implants failed. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis was 39.7% and 16.7%, respectively. As risk factors, smoking and prosthetic splinting showed significant associations with peri-implantitis (P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, no significant correlations were found between any risk factors and peri-implant mucositis, but a significantly elevated risk of peri-implantitis was observed in patients who smoked or had splinted prostheses in 2 or more implants.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.19-31
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• 2023

Peri-implantitis is a disease affecting the tissue surrounding dental implants, destroying both soft and hard tissues. A total of 2,015 studies were collected by searching items in the National Library of Medicine, including keywords, such as "peri-implantitis," "microbiota," and "microbiome." Of them, 62 studies were screened and considered eligible for analysis. Only 16 studies qualified all criteria mentioned here: "Using PCR methods for microorganism detection," "Suggesting quantified results," "Stating obvious clinical diagnosis criteria ("Bleeding on probing," "Probing pocket depth," "Suppuration," and "Radiographic bone loss")." Only 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis because the others had special issues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Epstein-Barr virus were the microbiological subjects of analysis. The odds ratio (OR) between the healthy implants and peri-implantitis were calculated for each microorganism to compare two groups, and the forest plots were suggested as the visual materials. P. gingivalis (1.392 < OR < 2.841), T. forsythia (1.345 < OR < 3.221), T. denticola (2.180 < OR < 5.150), A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.975 < OR < 6.456), P. intermedia (1.245 < OR < 3.612), and Epstein-Barr virus (1.995 < OR < 9.383). The species showed that their 95% confidence interval of odds ratio was higher than 1, indicating that they were detected more frequently in periimplantitis than in healthy implants. Meanwhile, other species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococcus aureus, were not included in the meta-analysis because the number of studies was insufficient.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of deep learning techniques to classify the morphology and severity of peri-implantitis bone defects based on periapical radiographs. Materials and Methods: Based on a pre-trained and fine-tuned ResNet-50 deep learning algorithm, the morphology and severity of peri-implantitis bone defects on periapical radiographs were classified into six groups (class I/II and slight/moderate/severe). Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores were calculated to measure accuracy. Result: A total of 971 dental images were included in this study. Deep-learning-based classification achieved an accuracy of 86.0% with precision, recall, and F1 score values of 84.45%, 81.22%, and 82.80%, respectively. Class II and moderate groups had the highest F1 scores (92.23%), whereas class I and severe groups had the lowest F1 scores (69.33%). Conclusion: The artificial intelligence-based deep learning technique is promising for classifying the morphology and severity of peri-implantitis. However, further studies are required to validate their feasibility in clinical practice.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.637-642
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• 2013

Because the implant is regarded as a common treatment. It is clinically important that systemic and local risk factor of threatening peri implant mucosa should be considered during the process. The most risk factors are detected in clinical diagnosis, but it might be difficult and not clear to recognize systemic or combined factors. This article reviews risk factors of peri-implantitis. Local factors are biomechanics, periodontal soft tissue characteristics, infected site and oral hygiene. Systemic factors are alcohol, smoking and genetic traits.