• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.196-203
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) with and without plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in the treatment of gingival recessions. Methods: Twenty bilateral buccal gingival Miller's Class I and II recessions were selected. Ten of the recessions were treated with SCTG and PRGF (test group). The rest ten of the recessions were treated with SCTG (control group). The clinical parameters including recession depth (RD), percentage of root coverage (RC), mucogingival junction (MGJ) position, clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing depth (PD) were measured at the baseline, and 1 and 3 months later. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: After 3 months, both groups showed a significant improvement in all of the mentioned criteria except PD. Although the amount of improvement was better in the SCTG+PRGF group than the SCTG only group, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean RC was $70.85{\pm}12.57$ in the test group and $75.83{\pm}24.68$ in the control group. Conclusions: Both SCTG+PRGF and SCTG only result in favorable clinical outcomes, but the added benefit of PRGF is not evident.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 2014

Purpose: Triphala is a combination of three medicinal plants, extensively used in Ayurveda since ancient times. Triphala mouthwash is used in the treatment of periodontal diseases because of its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of triphala mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine in hospitalized periodontal disease patients. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, multicenter clinical trial, 120 patients were equally divided into three groups. Patients in group A were advised to rinse their mouths with 10 mL of distilled water, group B with 0.2% chlorhexidine, and group C with triphala mouthwash for 1 minute twice daily for two weeks. The plaque index (PI) and the gingival index (GI) were recorded on the first and the fifteenth day. Results: There was no significant difference when the efficacy of triphala was compared with 0.2% chlorhexidine in hospitalized patients with periodontal disease. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in PI and GI when both group B and group C were compared with group A and also within groups B and C, after 15 days (P<0.05). Conclusions: The triphala mouthwash (herbal) is an effective antiplaque agent like 0.2% chlorhexidine. It is significantly useful in reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, thereby controlling periodontal diseases in every patient. It is also cost effective, easily available, and well tolerable with no reported side effects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2008

Purpose: The attachment level is strongly associated with tooth loss and provides useful information on patterns of destruction of the periodontium. The presence of horizontal attachment loss would not be detected in clinical measurement. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to estimate the patterns of periodontal destruction based on the attachment area and horizontal attachment loss in extracted teeth due to severe periodontitis. Materials and Methods: 307 teeth satisfied the criteria for assessment. An indirect method, based on digital images obtained from a digital camera and an image analysis program, was used to calculate the area of root surface and attachment loss and the extent of horizontal attachment loss. The data were analysed using SPSS. Results: No statistically significant differences among root surfaces were observed in anterior teeth on the loss of attachment area. However, in posterior teeth statistically significant differences in palatal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular premolar and molar surfaces compared with buccal surfaces were observed. Horizontal attachment loss was observed in 21.5% of the teeth examined. Frequency of horizontal attachment loss was highest in the maxillary first premolar (34.8%), followed by the maxillary second premolar (27.3%) and maxillary canine (25%). The mean length of horizontal attachment loss was 1.5mm. Conclusion: More meticulous examination will be needed of the palatal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular premolar and molar teeth. The percentage of teeth with horizontal attachment loss greater than 2.1 mm was 5.2%. Considering the length of curette blades, about 5.2% of teeth were not properly debrided. Therefore, Additional supportive therapy such as local drug delivery has to be considered in treatment of the first maxillary, second premolar and canine due to the high prevalence of horizontal attachment loss.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.226-237
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of prophylactic gingival grafting in the mandibular anterior labial area for preventing orthodontically induced gingival recession. Methods: Eight mongrel dogs received gingival graft surgery at the first (I1) and third (I3) mandibular incisors on both sides based on the following group allocation: AT group (autogenous connective tissue graft on I1), AT-control group (contralateral side in the AT group), CM group (xenogeneic cross-linked collagen matrix graft on I3) and CM-control group (contralateral side in the CM group). At 4 weeks after surgery, 6 incisors were splinted and proclined for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of retention. At 24 weeks after surgery, casts were made and compared with those made before surgery, and radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: Despite the proclination of the incisal tip (by approximately 3 mm), labial gingival recession did not occur. The labial gingiva was thicker in the AT group (1.85±0.50 mm vs. 1.76±0.45 mm, P>0.05) and CM group (1.90±0.33 mm vs. 1.79±0.20 mm, P>0.05) than in their respective control groups. Conclusions: The level of the labial gingival margin did not change following labial proclination of incisors in dogs. Both the AT and CM groups showed enhanced gingival thickness.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

Purpose: In accordance to an increased interest in facial appearance and the popularization of computed tomography scanning, the number of diagnosis and treatment of blowout fractures has been increased. The purpose of this article is to review pure blowout fracture surgery through transconjunctival incision focusing on complications and their management. Methods: In this retrospective study, 583 patients, who had been treated for pure blowout fracture through transconjunctival incision from 2000 to 2009, were evaluated. Their hospital records were reviewed according to their sex, age, fracture site, preoperative presentations, time interval between trauma and surgery, and postoperative complications. Results: According to postoperative follow-up results, there were early complications that included wound dehiscence and infection (0.2%), hematoma (insomuch as extraocular movement is limited) (0.7%), lacriminal duct injury (0.5%), and periorbital nerve injury (0.7%). In addition, there were late complications that lasted more than 6 months, that included persistent diplopia (1.7%), extraocular movement limitation (0.9%), enophthalmos (1.0%), periorbital sensation abnormalities (1.0%), and entropion (0.5%). Conclusion: We propose the following guidelines for prevention of postoperative complications: layer by layer closure; bleeding control with the epinephrine gauzes, Tachocomb, and Tisseel; conjunctival incision 2 to 3 mm away from punctum; avoidance of excessive traction; performing surgical decompression and high dose corticosteroid therapy upon confirmation of nerve injury; atraumatic dissection and insertion of Medpor Barrier implant after securing a clear view of posterior ledge; using Medpor block stacking technique and BioSorb FX screw fixation; performing a complete resection of the anterior ethmoidal nerve during medial wall dissection; and making an incision 2 to 3 mm below the tarsal plate.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2017

Background: Because of the relatively similar size of organs to human and the physiological and structural similarities, the use of porcine as xenograft donors is progressing very actively. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of porcine ear cartilage and evaluated its suitability as graft material in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Methods: The auricular cartilage was harvested from two pigs, and subjected to histological examination by immunohistochemical staining. To determine the collagen content, samples were treated with collagenase and weight changes were measured. After sterilization by irradiation, the samples were grafted into rats and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson Trichrome to observe inflammation and xenograft rejection. Results: In IHC staining, extracellular matrices were mainly stained with type II collagen (20.69%), keratin sulfate (10.20%), chondroitin sulfate (2.62%), and hyaluronic acid (0.84%). After collagenase treatment, the weight decreased by 68.3%, indicating that about 70% of the porcine ear cartilage was composed of collagen. Upon xenograft of the sterilized cartilages in rats, inflammatory cells were observed for up to 2 months. However, they gradually decreased, and inflammation and reject-response were rarely observed at 5 months. Conclusion: The porcine ear cartilage was covered with perichondrium and cellular constituents were found to be composed of chondrocytes and chondroblasts. In addition, the extracellular matrices were mainly composed of collagen. Upon xenograft of irradiated cartilage into rats, there was no specific inflammatory reaction around the transplanted cartilage. These findings suggest that porcine ear cartilage could be a useful alternative implant material for human cosmetic surgery.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.789-799
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• 2017

Ultrasound images are noninvasive, can be observed in real time, have no radiation exposure, do not cause pain, and are not restricted in use depending on the patient's prosthetic implant or medical condition. Since the use of ultrasound in the dental field was first applied for tooth preparation in 1957, the use of diagnostic ultrasound for the first time in 1963 has been reported. Currently, it is used in the diagnosis of soft tissue lesions such as malignant tumor or salivary gland disease, fine needle aspiration test, temporomandibular joint disease, lymph node metastasis, measurement of muscle thickness and inflammatory diseases, differentiation of periapical cyst and granulation tissue, measurement of periodontal tissue thickness. The ultrasound image can be visualized in real time. The clinician can explain the structure to the patient while consulting the patient and consult the patient. When injecting the drug into a specific site or aspirating a specific site or substance, So that it can be confirmed and practiced. Recently, ultrasonic equipment specialized in the dental field has been developed and marketed, and it is expected that the use of ultrasonic waves will become active in the dentistry. In the future, development of popular equipment with size and frequency suitable for dental diagnosis and various researches on maxillofacial ultrasonic anatomy. If clinical studies are continuously carried out to demonstrate efficacy, ultrasound is expected to aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment throughout the dentistry.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.185-190
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• 2020

Titanium is widely used as an implant material due to its excellent biocompatibility, but has a problem due to high cost and high Young's modulus compared to bone. Magnesium alloy is attracting attention as a material to replace it. Magnesium alloy, like titanium, has excellent biocompatibility and has a Young's modulus similar to that of bone. However, there are corrosion resistance problems due to corrosion, and various surface treatment methods are being studied to solve them. In this study, the ceramic coating layer was grown on the surface of the AZ31 magnesium alloy in an electrolytic solution containing EDTA, and the properties of the formed coating were analyzed through SEM and XRD to analyze the microstructure and shape, and measured the micro hardness of the coating layer. Corrosion properties in the body were evaluated through a corrosion test in SBF solution, a component similar to blood plasma.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1996

There are many reports of the surgical management for the craniofacial abnormalities arising from the irradiation of the head and face for treatment of childhood cancers. Since the mordern combined-modality theraphy for childhood cancers began in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, recent reports have described the occular, dental and maxillo-facial abnormalities after irradiation in long-term survivors of cancers of the head and face. The resultant deformities may be known to be difficult to reconstruct with surgical techniques. This paper describes the late reconstructive surgery for the unilateral orbital and malar hypoplasia after eyeball enucleation and irradiation during childhood to correct the facial asymmetry and expand the contracted orbital socket into the functional dimension for the retaining eyeball prosthesis with spherical implant. We reports the satisfactory preliminary results from the midfacial osteotomy through the supero-lateral orbital rim and malar bone and the antero-lateral repositioning with the autogenous bone grafting in 26 year-old female patient who will be planned to make the new eyeball prosthesis by the department of ophthalmology.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.343-350
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• 2019

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the effectiveness of local compression in patients presenting to the emergency room with intraoral bleeding and to identify when complex haemostatic measures may be required. Materials and Methods: Five hundred forty patients who had experienced intraoral haemorrhage were retrospectively reviewed. The outcome variable was the haemostasis method used, i.e., simple (local compression with gauze) or complex (an alternative method after local compression has failed). Predictor variables were sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, hepatic cirrhosis, bleeding disorder, use of antithrombotic agents, and site/cause of haemorrhage. Results: The mean patient age was 48.9±23.9 years, 53.5% were male, 42.8% were ASA class II or higher, and 23.7% were taking antithrombotic agents. Local compression was used most often (68.1%), followed by local haemostatic agents, sutures, systemic tranexamic acid or blood products, and electrocautery. The most common site of bleeding was the gingiva (91.7%), and the most common cause was tooth extraction (45.7%). Risk factors for needing a complex haemostasis method were use of antithrombotic agents (odds ratio 2.047, P=0.009) and minor oral surgery (excluding extraction and implant procedures; odds ratio 6.081, P=0.001). Conclusion: A haemostasis method other than local compression may be needed in patients taking antithrombotic agents or having undergone minor oral surgery.