• 태양에너지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.47-64
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• 1995

등열유속상태(等熱流速狀態)를 유지(維持)하고 있는 수평 전열판이 회전하고 있을 때, 여기에 수분류가 충돌(衝突)할 경우의 열전달특성을 실험적으로 연구했다. 노즐직경(直經)과 전열면간(傳熱面間)의 거리(距離)를 일정(一定)하게 유지하고, 분류(噴流)레이놀즈수(數)와 회전(回轉)레이놀즈수(數)를 변화시키면서 이의 영향을 살펴보았다. 실험결과, 국소(局所)Nusselt수(數)를 국소회전(局所回轉)레이놀즈수(數), 분류(噴流)레이놀즈수(數), 분류(噴流)프란틀수(數), 무차원반경(無次元半徑)의 함수로 나타내었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Breakup characteristics of liquid sheets formed by the impingement of two water jets, such as a breakup length and a breakup wavelength of sheet, were investigated as increasing the injection velocity up to 30m/s and the ambient gas pressure up to 4.0MPa. While round edged orifices formed a laminar sheet which has no waves on the sheet when the injection velocity is low, sharp edged orifices formed a turbulent sheet which has impact waves irrespective of the injection velocity. Thus we compared the differences of breakup characteristics between them. The results showed that the aerodynamic force significantly affects the breakup of laminar sheet when the gas based Weber number is higher than unity, It was also found that the turbulent sheets have three breakup regimes, i.e. expansion regime, wave breakup regime and catastrophic breakup regime according to the gas based Weber number.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.173-179
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• 2004

Breakup characteristics of liquid sheets formed by the impingement of two water jets, such as a breakup length and a breakup wavelength of sheet, were investigated as increasing the injection velocity up to 30m/s and the ambient gas pressure up to 4.0㎫. While round edged orifices formed a laminar sheet which has no waves on the sheet when the injection velocity is low, sharp edged orifices formed a turbulent sheet which has impact waves irrespective of the injection velocity. Thus we compared the differences of breakup characteristics between them. The results showed that the aerodynamic force significantly affects the breakup of laminar sheet when the gas based Weber number is higher than unity. It was also found that the turbulent sheets have three breakup regimes, i.e. expansion regime, wave breakup regime and catastrophic breakup regime according to the gas based Weber number.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2000

Experiments were carried out to obtain the effects of nozzle configuration and jet to jet spacing on the heat transfer characteristics of single line of circular water jets impinging on a constant heat flux plane surface. The nozzle configurations are Cone type, Reverse cone type and Vertical circular type, and the nozzle arrays are single jet(nozzle dia. 8 mm), 1 row of 3 jets and 1 row of 5 jets. Jet velocities ranging from 3m/s to 8m/s were investigated for the nozzle to target plate spacing of 80 mm. For the Cone and Reverse cone type nozzle arrays, the average Nusselt number of 1 row of 5 jets was larger than that of 1 row of 3 jets at Re$_{D}$<45000, but that of 1 row of 3 jets was larger than that of 1 row of 5 jets at $Reo\le45000$. For the Vertical circular type nozzle, however, the average Nusselt number of 1 row of 3 jets was larger than that of 1 row of 5 jets at all jet velocities. In the condition of fixed mass flow rates, the maximum heat transfer augmentation was obtained for 1 row of 5 jets and was over 2 times larger than that of the single jet for all nozzle configurations. The nozzle configurations that produce the maximum average Nusselt number are as follows: For 1 row of 3 jets, the Vertical circular type at $Reo\le45000$ and the Reverse cone type at $Reo\le45000$. But, they are the Reverse cone type at Re$_{D}$<55000 and the Vertical circular type at$Reo\le55000$ for 1 row of 5 jets.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.779-787
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• 2002

The cooling heat transfer by impinging water spray jets on a rotating roll with a relatively large diameter has been investigated under various experimental conditions with 3 different sizes of flat type nozzle. The local heat transfer coefficients were calculated by finite difference method using measured surface temperatures of the circular cylinder as boundary conditions. Results show that a peak value of the heat transfer coefficient is located at the center of sprayed area and there may be a secondary peak at the downstream. The average heat transfer coefficients on the sprayed area were found to be 10 to 22 ㎾/$m^2$$^{\circ}C$, and were not related to spraying pressure, but approximately linearly to flow rate of sprayed water. Also it is found that increasing the distance from roll to nozzle could improve the cooling efficiency by increasing the sprayed area.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.708-716
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• 1988

Local heat transfer coefficients were measured on semi-cylinders on which a circular water jet impinged in crossflow. The ratio of the semi-cylinder's diameter and the nozzle outlet diameter were varied parametrically, as were the Reynolds number and the supplementary water heights. The measurements showed that the circumferential distribution of the heat transfer coefficient peaked at the stagnation point. For a fixed supplementary water height, the peak heat transfer coefficient was not depend on the curvature of test specimen(d/D). Optimum height of supplementary water which brought about the augmentation of heat transfer at the stagnation point was S/D=1. The Nusselt number decreased as the circumferential distance or angle increased. The circumferential distribution of dimensionless heat transfer (Nu/Nus) was independent of d/D ($d/D{\geq}8.33$), but for the d/D<8.33, it was depended on d/D. At a fixed angle of specimen, dimensionless heat transfer (Nu/Nus) decreased as the ratio d/D increased. The extent of the decrease between d/D=6.67 and 8.33 was markedly greater than that between d/D=8.33 and 10, or d/D=10 and 11.67.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2011

It is highly needed to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration field in water for a variety of purposes such as biological, industrial, environmental monitoring and medical application. Application of PSP (Pressure Sensitive Paint) which is sensitive to oxygen concentration has been carried out to measure DO concentration field using PtOEP/PS film and intensity based method under the UV-LEDs illumination. A micro round water jet having 100% of DO was obliquely impinged on to a PtOEP/PS film coated plate placed in a 0% of DO water container. DO concentration fields on the impinging plate were quantitatively visualized with a $2.94\;{\mu}m$ of spatial resolution. Through pixel-by-pixel calibration, uncertainty of each pixel by different sensitivity, different dye concentration and non-uniformity of illumination was removed. It is demonstrated that the high DO concentration region was coincided with the impingement area. The DO concentration gradient due to DO diffusion was affected by Reynolds number.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.895-901
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• 2004

Single-phase convection and nucleate boiling heat transfer were locally investigated for confined planar water jets. The detailed distributions of the wall temperature and the convection coefficient as well as the typical boiling curves were discussed. The curve for the single-phase convection indicated the developing laminar boundary layer, accompanied by monotonic increase of the wall temperature in the stream direction. Boiling was initiated from the furthest downstream as heat flux increased. Heat transfer variation according to the streamwise location was reduced as heat flux increased enough to create the vigorous nucleate boiling. Velocity effects were considered for the confined free-surface jet. Higher velocity of the jet caused the boiling incipient to be delayed more. The transition to turbulence precipitated by the bubble-induced disturbance was obvious only for the highest velocity, which enabled the boiling incipient to start in the middle of the heated surface, rather than the furthest downstream as was the case of the moderate and low velocities. The temperature at offset line were somewhat tower than those at the centerline for single-phase convection and partial boiling, and these differences were reduced as the nucleate boiling developed. For the region prior to transition, the convection coefficient distributions were similar in both cases while the temperatures were somewhat lower in the submerged jet. For single-phase convection, transition was initiated at $x/W{\cong}2.5$ and completed soon for the submerged jet, but the onset of transition was retarded to the distance at $x/W{\cong}6$ for the fee-surface jet.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

충돌제트는 미사일 또는 수직/단거리 이착륙기의 배기가스가 지면이나 화염 편향기 등에 부딪힐 때 발생하며 노즐의 형상, 노즐과 평판과의 거리등에 따라 유동양상이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 초음속 노즐을 통해 과소 팽창된 제트가 평판에 부딪힐 때 형성되는 평판 압력분포 및 버블 발생 등에 대한 시험결과를 선행된 충격파 풍동을 이용한 시험 결과와 비교하고 초음속 유동시험장치 이용시의 유동 특성을 규명하였다. 초음속 유동시험장치와 충격파 풍동의 평판에서 압력분포는 저압 챔버 내의 수분과 온도 때문에 차이가 나타났고 과소 팽창비에 따른 압력분포는 서로 유사한 경향을 보여주었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2016

본 연구는 하수처리장에서 최종 방류되는 하수처리수의 거품발생 원인분석과 저감방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 감조하천의 방류구에서 거품이 발생하는 것은 구조적인 문제점으로 파악되었다. 거품은 낙차에 의한 공기 연행과 확산방지막에 의한 내부축적이 주요한 원인이었다. 이러한 여건을 고려하여, 방류수로와 방류구 종단에서 미세스크린과 수중방류를 통해 거품발생을 완화시킬 수 있는 효과적인 방안을 제시하였다.