• Proceedings of the Korea Information Assurance Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.77-82
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• 2004

The notion of a certificate was introduced by Kohnfelder in his 1978 MIT bachelor's thesis. The idea, now common, was that a certificate is a digitally signed statement binding the key-holder's name to a public key. With the increasing acceptance of digital certificate, there has been a gaining impetus for methods to nullify the compromised digital certificates and enable the end user to receive this information before be trusts a revoked certificate. The problem of certificate revocation is getting more and more crucial with the development of wide spread PKIs. In this paper, we investigate recent trend of certificate revocation mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-132
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to expand and deepen our knowledge of Braille libraries in Japan. This study begins with a different viewpoint than previous ones. It does not view Braille libraries solely from the institutions themselves but it locates them within the historical context of Japanese society and both Braille and public libraries. It finds that although Braille and public libraries began with similar purposes, they drastically diverged after 1949 when the former’s welfare center-like function for the blind became more apparent. But by the 1970s, Braille libraries shifted in the direction of its original library function at the impetus of the Blind Reading Rights Movement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 1990

The growth of lean from nine wholesale cuts in relation to the total lean weight in carcass side were evaluated with three allometric equations for 18 Najdi male camels slaughtered at 8, 16 and 26 months of age. The allometric growth coefficients indicated that as the camels grew, weights of lean form brisket and flank cuts increased relatively more rapidly than the total lean in carcass side (${\beta}$ >1.1) and that weights of lean from wholesale shoulder and rump cuts increased relatively less rapidly (${\beta}$ <.9) than the total lean weight from carcass side. The growth coefficients for the lean in the thoracic limb and pelvic limb showed a dorsoventral rise in the growth impetus, with coefficients for the thoracic limb correspondingly higher than those of pelvic limb. The growth coefficients for the lean from shoulder, rib, flank and leg cuts increased (p<.01) with increased weight of total lean in carcass side, whereas it decreased with increased total lean weight in carcass side for the lean in neck, brisket, plate, loin and rump cuts. At a constant weight of total lean in carcass side, older camels had larger coefficients for lean in neck, brisket, rump, flank and leg cuts, but had smaller coefficients for lean in shoulder, rib, plate and loin cuts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 2015

Background: Few studies have explored the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents toward cancer prevention and treatment. This lack of research and its potential utility in the development of new educational initiatives and screening methods, or the reconstruction of existing ones, provided the impetus for this study. The primary research aim was to assess secondary school student knowledge of cancer and determine whether or not they possessed basic knowledge of cancer symptoms, risk factors, and treatments and to determine the relationship between cancer knowledge and key demographic factors. Materials and Methods: The Management and Science University conducted a cross-sectional study analyzing responses through cross-tabulation with the socio-demographic data collected. Results: The findings of our quantitative analysis suggest that Malaysian youth generally possess a moderate knowledge about cancer. Quantitative analyses found that socioeconomic inequalities and bias in education present as important factors contributing to cancer awareness, prevention, and treatment among Malaysian adolescents. Conclusions: The findings indicate that Malaysian youth generally possess a moderate knowledge about cancer but the current deficiencies in initiatives directed to cancer awareness continue to hinder the improvement in prevention of cancer among Malaysian adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.457-479
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• 2012

This paper strives to illustrate the selection processes in public libraries. It specifically attempts to survey the budget allocation, collection development policy, usage of selection criteria, and priority of selection decision in collection development units in public libraries. Staff structure, committee activities, methods of selection, usage of selection tools and librarians' recognitions about selection process are also investigated. Data are drawn from a survey with 315 public libraries in the country. Specific statistics to be analyzed via literature, although not detailed in nature, are scrutinized as well. As a conclusion, the paper discusses such an issue as current situation in selection of materials public libraries and possible impetus toward a better collection development process.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2005

Obesity is increasing worldwide and has become a major health burden in Western societies affecting every third American and every fifth European. Obesity makes a major contribution to morbidity and mortality, predisposing individuals to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Many new substances are currently being investigated for their usefulness in the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Most anti-obesity drugs can be divided into four groups: those that reduce food intake; those that alter metabolism; those that increase thermogenesis; and those that regulate hormone involved in feeding behavior. In this article we review these and other agents available in various countries for the treatment of obesity. Perhaps more importantly, we have focussed on areas of potential productivity in the future. Over the last 5 or so years, this impetus in obesity research has provided us with exciting new drugs targets involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and cellular mechanism involved in energy expenditure. Recent development in the quest for control of human obesity include the discovery of hormones, neuropeptides, receptors and transcription factors involved in feeding behavior, metabolic rate and adipocyte development. For developing new, perhaps even more specific pharmacological agents, further research is needed to understand the individual different genetic and physiological basis of obesity. It remains the hope of research scientists that in the not too distant future we shall see a new class of anti-obesity drugs arising logically from the molecular biology revolutions.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.162-171
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• 1995

The application of reciprocating engine crankshaft bearings is of particular importance and interest among the plain bearing, not only because the sheer volume of intemal combustion engines now produced, but because the severe operating conditions they are subjected to. Demands for better performances of crankshaft bearings have provide an important impetus in the development of bearings and bearing materials. As engine design progresses toward higher outpt and higher efficiency, crankshaft bearings must perform under more seveve operating conditions. Higher load, temperature, and speed as well as lower viscosity oil are applied to the bearing sysem, resulting in a smaller minimum oil film thickness. This means more solid-solid contact between the shaft and bearing, and the bearing is exposed to more danger of seizure. Some engines may experience bearing seizure problems. However, understanding about the seizure behavior and mechanism is far from being enough. Seizure resistance of a bearing-shaft system will be affected by the properties of the shaft and bearing, especially their materials and surface texture. Commonly used engine bearing materials include Al-Pb-Si, Al-Sn-Si, Al-Sn, and Cu-Pb with Pb-Sn-Cu overlay. These materials have very different properties. They showed different behaviors dering seizure tests and seizure may occur with different mechanism for different bearing material. Shaft materials also affect the seizure resistance of the system. Surface texture of the bearing and shaft have apparent effects on the lubrication and solid-solid contact pattern, and therefore will affect the seizure behavior of the system. Bearings and shafts which are made of different materials and have different surface textures have been tested and analyzed. Their effects on seizure resistance are discussed and possible seizure mechanisms for different beatings are presented in this paper.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

An impetus for reviving research in mathematical problem solving is the recent advance in methodological thinking, namely, the design experiment ([Gorard, S. (2004). Combining methods in educational research. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.]; [Schoenfeld, A. H. (2009). Bridging the cultures of educational research and design. Educational Designer. 1(2). http://www.educationaldesigner.orgied/volume1/issue21]). This methodological approach supports a "re-design" of contextual elements to fulfil the overarching objective of making mathematical problem solving available to all students of mathematics. In problem solving, components critical to successful design in one setting that may be adapted to suit another setting include curriculum design, assessment strategy, teacher capacity, and instructional resources. In this paper, we describe the implementation, over three years, of a problem solving module into the main mathematics curriculum of an Integrated Programme school in Singapore which had sufficient autonomy to tailor-fit curriculum to their students.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.159-183
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• 2000

How to protect the environment without sacrificing the human environment and economy at the level of region is on of the most difficult issues of recent times. The dynamic Interactions between economic activities and environmental pollution control activities determine whether social welfare is increased of decreased by such activities and provides a basis for saying whether they help or hurt the economy. Bureaucratic Approach of Local government has failed, and an Impetus has arisen to develop new tools of analysis, useful for finding policy leverages focused on sustainability. This paper focus on understanding dynamic relationships between regional economic system and environmental system, and presenting possible framework for finding policy leverages in dynamic interaction behaviors. The case, selected in this study, is Nacdong river regions case, which is related many meaningful issues about sustainable development： two big metropolitan government and dwellers have different opinion with regard to construction of large scale Industrial pack, drinking water supply, and environment model consisting of three sectors： regional economy sector, river pollution and drinking water sector, environmental protection and investment policy sector Finally, this paper deal with how to link policy leverage to causal loop structure for the sustainable development of two regions.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Cameroon, with her numerous resources, still depends on foreign aid while the rate of poverty remains high. Thus, even though historical evidence gives impetus to the impasse over role of developmental aid, from the top down approach through to development as a springboard raising states from the doldrums of poverty, it is still very difficult to draw a substantial relationship between developmental aid and poverty reduction. Against this backdrop of controversy, I find it apt to put Cameroon on a balance scale. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to critically assess the implications of developmental aid on poverty reduction and agro-rural development in Cameroon, using the RUMPI Area Development Project in the South West region of Cameroon as a case study. The study will situate and contextualize the top-down and bottom-up approaches to development within the basis of a Cameroonian perspective, using the Sachs-Easterly debate. The RUMPI Project was introduced with the objective of improving agriculture and empowering the rural woman; thereby fighting poverty within the South West region of Cameroon. Despite its criticism of the barriers to development created by corruption, political pressure and limited use of local and grass-root partnerships, the study, in assessing these failures also tries to outline vital ways in which the project can be improved upon.