• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.2 s.41
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• pp.165-177
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• 1993

Upper canine is important because it protects and maintains the stability of the dental arch and also, joins the anterior with the posterior teeth. The incidence of impaction of upper canine is the second most frequent next to the third molar because it takes a long period of time to develop, and has a complicated path of eruption, and erupts lately. After the age of 10, clinical and radioglaphic examination can be used in revealing the possibility of impaction and efforts should be put to reduce the side effects. To prevent impaction, selective extraction of primary canine at the age of 8 to 9 could be considered and prolonged retention of primary canine in oral cavity should be avoided at this time. Once the impaction is iden, the first stage of the treatment is to lcocalize the lesion by radiographic examination and According to the severity, orthodontic traction or autotransplantation should be considered and comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan of malocclusion should be established. Generally, labial impaction is due to arch length discrepancy and palatal impaction is due to malposition or morphologic pathosis of lateral incisors rather than arch length discrepancy. In surgical procedure, peridontal problems should be considered and the minimum amount of bone and soft tissue should be reduced and direct bonding method of many attachment methods should be recommended. Especially in traction of labially impacted canine, it should be guided to erupt through the keratinized zone and proper forced magnitude should be applied. The importance of periodontal condition should always be in mind following the patient education to mintain the good oral hygiene at each stage of treatment. Properly managed impacted canine can provide function and esthetic by proper diagnosis and treatment if extraction of canine is not indicated.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2014

Purpose: To describe the features of impacted upper canines and their relationship with adjacent structures through three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Using the CBCT scans of 79 upper impacted canines, we evaluated the following parameters: gender, unilateral/bilateral occurrence, location, presence and degree of root resorption of adjacent teeth (mild, moderate, or severe), root dilaceration, dental follicle width, and presence of other associated local conditions. Results: Most of the impacted canines were observed in females (56 cases), unilaterally (51 cases), and at a palatine location (53 cases). Root resorption in adjacent teeth and root dilaceration were observed in 55 and 47 impacted canines, respectively. In most of the cases, the width of the dental follicle of the canine was normal; it was abnormally wide in 20 cases. A statistically significant association was observed for all variables, except for root dilaceration (p=0.115) and the side of impaction (p=0.260). Conclusion: Root resorption of adjacent teeth was present in most cases of canine impaction, mostly affecting adjacent lateral incisors to a mild degree. A wide dental follicle of impacted canines was not associated with a higher incidence of external root resorption of adjacent teeth.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.142-154
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• 2023

The canine tooth is important both functionally and aesthetically, being positioned between the anterior and posterior teeth. The upper canine has the longest eruption path, forming in the deepest part of the maxillary bone and often experiencing eruption disorders, leading to significant aesthetic and functional issues. Early detection and management of canine impaction are crucial in pediatric dentistry, which focuses on tooth growth and eruption. The prevalence of maxillary canine impaction ranges from 1.1% to 3.0%. In Western populations, palatal impaction is twice as common as labial impaction, while some Korean studies report more labial impaction. Maxillary canine impaction occurs more frequently in women and is associated with various factors such as structural obstacles, pathological conditions in surrounding tissues, developmental abnormalities, and genetic factors. Labial displaced canines are linked to narrow maxillary intercanine width, total dental crowding, and skeletal Class III malocclusion. Maxillary palatal displaced canine impaction is more prevalent in patients with familial agenesis of lateral incisors or conical supernumerary lateral incisors. Understanding these factors aids in early diagnosis and appropriate intervention for canine tooth impaction, ensuring optimal oral health and aesthetics.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.635-645
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• 1999

The present study examines the effects of orthodontic treatment of surgically exposed impacted upper canines or ectopically erupted upper canines to periodontal condition and whether various opening procedures have significant difference in postoperative periodontal status. The subjects included 23 orthodontic patients(7 men, 16 women) with unilateral upper canine impaction treated either with closed eruption technique(group I), with apically positioned flap procedure (group II), and those with canines ectopically erupted through keratinized gingiva (group III). In each subject, the ectopic canine was orthodontically aligned, and changes in periodontal tissue were assessed by measuring keratinized gingival width, attached gingival width, probing depth and bone probing depth. In all three groups, the width of keratinized gingiva was preserved while showed no signs of detrimental periodontal condition such as gingival recession. In all three groups, no significant difference in periodontal pocket depth from control was observed. The width of attached gingiva was significantly greater in patients treated with apically positioned flap procedure(group II) than in patients on other groups.