• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.651-657
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• 2016

본 연구는 겨울철 제설제 ($CaCl_2$) 농도처리에 따른 맥문동(Liriope platyphylla)과 수호초(Pachysandra terminalis)의 내염성을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 국내에서 제설제로 가장 많이 사용하는 염화칼슘을 각각 0%(Control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%로 처리한 실험구에 2015년 11월에 맥문동과 수호초를 정식한 후, 이듬해 이른 봄인 2016년 3월에 내염성을 평가하기 위해 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽형지수, 생체중, 건물중, 엽록소함량, 광합성률, 기공전도도, 증산율 등을 측정하였다. 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽형지수, 생체중, 건물중, 엽록소함량, 광합성률, 기공전도도, 증산율 등은 제설제 처리농도가 높을수록 감소되는 것은 두 식물이 동일하였으나, 맥문동이 수호초보다 좀 더 안정된 생육 및 생리적 특징을 보였다. 무엇보다, 맥문동은 3.0% 이상에서, 수호초는 1.0% 이상의 농도처리에서 생존이 불가능해 맥문동이 수호초보다 내염성이 높은 것으로 판단되었으며, 도시 내 제설제 피해지역에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2010

Objectives : The $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ digit length(2D : 4D) ratio reflects the amount of exposure and sensitivity to the prenatal sex hormone and it is considered to be the most convenient and useful way to understand the influence of sex hormone in the determination of human behavioral traits. This study was carried out to find the correlation between the 2D : 4D ratio and characteristics of temperament and character in Korean university students. We assumed that 2D : 4D ratio would show a strong correlation with temperament which is defined to be an inclination of an automatical emotional response to a stimulus. Methods : Participants were 104 university students who completed 2 self-report measures : Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), Temperament Test. We examined the 2D : 4D ratio of each subject by measuring the lengths of the $2^{nd}$ and $4^{th}$ fingers using a photocopy measurement. We performed statistical analyses using correlation test and t-test to examine the relationship between 2D : 4D ratio and psychological characteristics. Results : We found out the typical sex difference in 2D : 4D ratio. Women had significantly higher 2D : 4D ratio than men. TCI-Character factor(TCI-C) didn't show any significant correlation with the 2D : 4D ratio. TCI-Tempterament factor(TCI-T) and the item of Temperament Test showed a significant correlation with the 2D : 4D ratio. In correlation analysis of the total group including all women and men, the 2D : 4D ratio showed a significant positive correlation in a subscale(shyness with stranger) of harm avoidance scales in TCI-T. In correlation analysis of women's group, the 2D : 4D ratio showed a significant positive correlation in two subscales( fear of uncertainty) and[shyness to stranger] of harm avoidance scales in TCI-T. In correlation analysis of men's group, the 2D : 4D ratio showed a significant negative correlation with a sanguine temperament item of the Temperament Test. Conclusion : The results suggest that the amount of exposure to sex hormone in the prenatal period seems to have an impact on the determination of temperament and characteristics.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.157-173
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• 2018

Purpose Product characteristics and price value in website have strongly effects on customer satisfaction. Especially, in the online shopping site, the scarcity limits the customer's opportunity to purchase the product. Thus scarcity has been proposed as a important factor that makes the customer highly aware of the merchantability of the product. The scarcity in the web store is used as an important variable to make purchasing decisions of users easier by psychological pressure. In the case of scarce products with price discounts in online commerce, advertising formats that highlight scarcity value in the web commerce market are very effective in enhancing purchase intentions of consumers. Unlike offline stores, the importance of scarcity becomes more important when reflecting the characteristics of online commerce. Therefore, this study intends to confirm the influence of the degree of price discounts and scarcity information presented by Web sites on consumer purchase behavior in Web purchase behavior. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a web-based experimental study on price sensitivity and price discount. Therefore, we created experimental web-sites that offer two stimuli according to the discount rate. The 200 respondents were randomly assigned. The stimuli were fictitious based on tourism products. The first stimulus presented the price discount(15% discount) with basic explanation about the package of the tourist package. The stimuli assigned to the second group were used for groups with high price discount intensity(65% discount). In this way, the two stimuli clearly distinguished the level of price discount intensity. This paper conducted t-test analysis and structural equation to analyze the experiemental results after confirming the reliability and validity. Findings The results of this study are as follows. The difference in price discount intensity (15% vs 65%) with scarcity showed the mean difference among all the variables. Therefore, this study concluded that there is a significant difference between the price discount of 15% and 65% for the acquisition value and transaction value of users. In particular, consumers' purchase intention is greater and product recommendation intensity is stronger when the price discount is 65%. As a result, the high degree of the price discount intensity with scarcity exerts a greater influence on consumers' purchase intentions. Product scarcity also have a significant impact on perceived value of users. Therefore, purchase intention of customers increases when perceived value increases their profit and pleasure feeling.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2015

Purpose - Recently, many large retailers have been frequently purchasing commercial brands. Not only the quality of products purchased but also the brand images are of concern in this process. Based on this rising trend, commercial brands have become an important issue in the retail business world, along with increasing general interest as well. Thus, this study focuses on the factors affecting commercial brand images and clarifies the impact of the resulting factors as well. First, store images and familiarity, price sensitiveness, and knowledge are presented as the effect factors for commercial brands. Second, the study tries to clarify the effect of commercial brand image on the reliability and loyalty of customers. Research design, data, and methodology - To conduct the study methodology, 250 questionnaires were distributed to retailers who have used large discount stores located in Busan to purchase a commercial brand a total of 234 valid questionnaires were used in the final analysis. To verify the hypotheses, a structure equation formula using Amos 20.0 was calculated. First, prior to the verification of hypotheses, the reliability and feasibility of the questions were tested, and as a result, the value of Cronbach's alpha was higher than 0.7, thereby showing reliability. Additionally, for the verification of the feasibility of the questions, a confirmation factor analysis was implemented. Results - First, variances such as store images, familiarity, price sensitivity, and knowledge were presented as the factors of effect on commercial brands. As a result of the hypotheses verification, all the effect factors presented in this study were confirmed as important variables of commercial brand images. The hypotheses were drawn based on the studies relating to existing commercial brands, and thereby, a result similar to previous studies was produced. However, the effect factors of the commercial brand image presented in this study shaped a new study model based on the previous studies. Second, it was found that commercial brand images had positive effects on the reliability and loyalty of customers. This study presented reliability and loyalty as the resulting factors of commercial brand image because they are the most important factors in relation to customer behavior and variables that can suggest marketing points for distribution businesses. Conclusions - This study focused on clarifying the factors that are important effect factors for commercial brand images. As a result, all the hypotheses were confirmed in this study, indicating a meaningful result, and thereby suggesting many points that can be presented to distribution businesses. First, the proper strategies should be developed based on the hypothesis that a store image, the familiarity of customers with brands, and the price sensitiveness and knowledge level of customers have an important effect on the choice of commercial brands. Additionally, the formation of such favorable images will have positive effects not only in terms of customer trust in the commercial brands but also in terms of their loyalty.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2013

주어진 작물모형이 기후요소 중 어떤 것에 얼마만큼 반응하는지 상대적인 민감도를 모르는 상태에서 계산결과만으로 미래 전망을 내리는 것은 적절치 않을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 미래기후전망에 근거한 국내 보리 품종의 민감도 변화 실험을 통해 기온, 강수량, 이산화탄소 농도의 변화가 작물의 생산량에 미치는 상대적인 영향을 분석하였다. 주요 보리 품종(올보리-수원, 알보리-밀양, 새쌀보리-익산, 삼도보리-진주)에 맞게 품종모수가 조정된 CERES-Barley를 RCP 8.5 시나리오의 2071-2100 기후변동범위(1981-2010 기준 기온 $-1^{\circ}C{\sim}+8^{\circ}C$, 강수량 -50% ~ +50%, $CO_2$ 농도 330ppm ~ 900ppm)에 근거한 99개 처리조합에 의해 구동하였다. 이들 처리조합에 의해 생성된 11,880개 종실수량 계산결과를 토대로 각 기후요소의 변화에 따른 종실수량의 민감도를 분석한 결과 이산화탄소농도 변화에 가장 민감한 반응을 보인 반면 강수량 변동에 대한 반응이 가장 무디었고, 온도변화에 대해서는 기준온도대비 상승, 하강 모두 감소하는 경향이었지만 품종 별로 차이가 뚜렷하였다. CERES-Barley는 우리나라에서 농업부문 기후변화 영향평가에 널리 사용되므로 실험설계 시 이러한 모형의 민감도를 감안하여야 현실성 있는 생육모의가 가능하다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 1996

The Salmonella rfb gene encoding for the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide-repeating units of the O-antigenic determinants was cloned and sequenced. A set of nucleotide primers(a forward and reverse) was selected to target a defined region of the guanosine diphospho-mannose(GDP-Man) pyrophosphorylase synthase gene : rfbM of Salmonella C serogroup. The primer set was used to develop a PCR-based rapid and specific detection system for Salmonella C1 serogroup. Amplification bands of predicted size(1,422bp) were generated from 11 different Salmonella C1 isolates. The bands were verified to be specific for the C1 serogroup by Southern blot analysis using reference homologous DNA specificity was further confirmed by the lack of reactivity with heterologous DNA derived from non-salmonella members of the family enterobacteriaeceae. A specificity of 100% was deduced along with a very high sensitivity shown by a detection limit of 1fg of a purified DNA template. The isolated DNA sequence was found to be 99.8% homologous to S montevideo but the related primers amplified with the predicted band sizes with all the Salmonella C1 serogroups tested. It is concluded that the PCR protocol based on the rfbM gene from S cholerasuis is optimal fast and specific for the detection of Salmonella C1 serogroup and also the corresponding probe is suitable for rapid detection of all Salmonella C1 serogroup DNA tested. This technology should facilitate the identification of contaminated pig products and for any other products contaminated with the Salmonalla C1 serogroup. The immediate impact of this developed method will be in the area of food safety of pig products with the potential prospect for adaptation to other food inspection technologies.

• 대기
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2016

Radiosonde is an observation equipment that measures pressure (geopotential height), temperature, relative humidity and wind by being launched up from the ground. Radiosonde data which serves as an important element of weather forecast and research often causes a bias in a model output due to accuracy and sensitivity between the different manufacturers. Although Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) and several institutes have conducted routine and intensive radiosonde observations, very few studies have been done before on the characteristics of radiosonde performance. Analyzing radiosonde observation data without proper understanding of the unique nature of those sensors may lead to a significant bias in the analysis of results. To evaluate performance and reliability of radiosonde, we analyzed the differences between two sensors made by the different manufacturers, which have been used in the campaign of Experiment on Snow Storm At Yeongdong (ESSAY). We improved a couple of methods to launch the balloon being attached with the sensors. Further we examined cloud-layer impacts on temperature and humidity differences for the analysis of both sensors' performance among various weather conditions, and also compared daytime and nighttime profiles to understand temporal dependence of meteorological sensors. The overall results showed that there are small but consistent biases in both temperature and humidity between different manufactured sensors, which could eventually secure reliable precisions of both sensors, irrespective of accuracy. This study would contribute to an improved sounding of atmospheric vertical states through development and improvement of the meteorological sensors.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2018

본 연구는 ARDL 모형을 이용하여 한국의 원유수요의 장기와 단기 자체가격, 교차가격 및 소득탄력성을 추정하였다. 첫째, ARDL-UECM의 한계검정결과에서 장기공적분관계가 종속변수인 원유수요와 독립변수인 자체가격과 교차가격 및 소득변수간에 존재하였다. 둘째, ARDL 모형(장기정태모형)을 통해 장기 모수들이 추정되었다. 셋째, 일부의 잔차의 자기상관이 존재하였으나, 반면에 설정오류가 발견되지 않았고 잔차항이 정규분포를 나타내었으며 이분산이 존재하지 않았고 CUSUM & CUSUMSQ 결과에서는 계수가 안정적이었다. 넷째, 추정된 원유수요에 대한 절대값으로 측정된 장기자체가격과 교차가격탄력성 및 소득탄력성은 모두 유의하며 1보다 크고 탄력적으로 민감하였으나, 반면에 단기자체가격과 교차가격탄력성 및 소득탄력성은 모두 유의하며 1보다 적고 비탄력적으로 민감하지 않았을지라도, 장기와 단기의 모든 탄력성들이 실제부호와 기대부호가 일치하였다. 다섯째, 국내의 일부 연구를 제외하고 대부분의 국외의 이전연구에서 단기자체가격과 교차가격 및 소득탄력성은 본 연구의 장기자체가격과 교차가격 및 소득탄력성보다 모두 더 낮다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 외국원유에 너무 의존하는 한국은 원유가격의 충격에 취약하게 되므로 유가 상승은 확실히 한국의 무역수지에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 장기적 원유가격의 탄력성을 이용하여 한국의 원유수요를 효율적으로 통제하고 관리하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다고 사료된다. 시사점으로 원유와 관련한 국가별 정책변화 및 시장동향 모니터링의 강화, 국가별 정책 및 시장현황 맞춤형 진출전략의 수립, 신시장 개척 및 진출분야 다양화를 통한 적극적인 시장선점 노력의 강화 등이 필요하다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2008

Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes for removal of particulate materials (i.e., turbidity, microorganisms and viruses) have been used to produce drinking water with higher quality. As membrane filtration technique has become widely applied for drinking water treatment, the importance of membrane integrity test (MIT) has also been increasingly emphasized. The results of pressure decay test (PDT) were presented in the paper to monitor membrane integrity. In this paper the PDT was carried out with deliberately-defected membrane fibers to evaluate the sensitivity of PDT on membrane fiber damage. Variation of pressure decay rate and removal rate were investigated to evaluate the impact of defection (defection ratio) and pore size of membrane. The membrane integrity could be successfully monitored by the PDT. The pressure decay rate varied from $0.002{\sim}0.189kg_f/cm^2hr$ with the initial pressure ranged from 0.2 to $1.0kg_f/cm^2hr$. Higher initial pressure which provided with higher pressure decay rate was preferred to evaluate the defection of membrane fiber. As for the particle removal rate, the Log Removal Rate (LRV) of kaolin solution decreased significantly from 3.78 to 2.31 when one fiber out of 3,200 fibers was cut. The membranes with different pore size were tested to evaluate virus removal efficiency. The virus removal rate of the MF membrane ($0.1{\mu}m$) was about 30% although the poliovirus was smaller than the pore size of the MF membrane, indicating that the removal rate was much lower than Korea Water Works Association (KWWA) certificate LRV of 1.5.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2014

사장교 케이블의 손상은 사장교 전체의 안전에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인이 되므로 케이블의 손상에 대한 유지관리를 필수적으로 해야한다. 이러한 유지관리의 대표적인 방법으로 케이블의 고유진동수변화을 추적하는 방법이 있다. 지금까지 케이블의 고유진동수는 진동법에 의해 횡방향 진동으로 추정하여 왔으며 시스템인식기법은 반복법에 의한 민감도방정식으로 축방향강성을 추정하나 새그의 영향으로 종방향운동에 대한 고유진동수의 분포에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 종방향운동에 의한 고유진동수를 이용하여 손상을 추정함으로써, 종방향운동의 신뢰성을 향상시키는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 이 방법의 적용결과를 근사해인 유한요소해석결과와 비교하여 유사한 결과를 얻음으로써 제안된 방법의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 따라서, 케이블손상과 고유진동수와의 관계를 분석한 결과는 손상률이 증가할수록 고유진동수는 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 케이블의 실측 고유진동수를 알 때 케이블손상과 고유진동수와의 관계식을 통해 케이블의 손상정도를 추정할 수 있으므로 케이블의 효율적인 유지관리가 가능하게 된다.