• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.231-240
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze air quality and carbon emissions in developing countries, particularly Myanmar, and explore the impact of transportation on CO2 emissions during peak hours relative to free-flow conditions. Method: This study conducted a traffic survey in two major cities in Myanmar to quantify carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector, using IPCC's tier 1 and tier 2 approaches, with statistical analysis performed using Python 3 and Microsoft Excel for comparative analysis of critical factors in CO2 emissions. Result: The result of this study is an estimate of the vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) and fuel consumption in Yangon city for the year 2019, based on data from various sources including the Myanmar Statistical data base, YUTRA project survey, and Ministry of Electric and Energy. The study also analyzes the average travel time index (TTI) for the four roads in Yangon, which indicates the impact of congestion on vehicle travel time and CO2 emissions. Overall, the study provides important insights into the transport sector in Yangon city and can be used to inform policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving traffic conditions. Conclusion: The study concludes that congestion plays a significant role in increasing fuel use and emission levels in the road transport sector in Myanmar. The analysis provides valuable insights into the impact of the sector on the environment and emphasizes the importance of addressing congestion to reduce fuel use and emissions. However, the study's scope is limited to Yangon city and Mandalay city, and some mean values may not accurately represent the entire country and other developing countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2023

The social impact of hazardous and noxious substances from marine industrial facilities was evaluated, and implications for the application of social impact assessment items and methods required in the process of setting technology-based effluent limitations were derived. The scope of the study was based on marine industrial facilities in Incheon Metropolitan City. The analysis results are as follows. First, the impact on companies and industries was evaluated as "great," but large companies had little impact on operating profit losses, bankruptcy possibilities, and employment losses, while small and medium-sized companies had a large impact. Second, the impact on the community and economy was evaluated as "less," but it is judged that careful policy intervention is needed because the impact of fishing producers, local tourism workers, and the region can be concentrated and large. Third, it is judged that items and methods for calculating social loss costs and social benefits can be usefully applied in the method of setting technology-based effluent limitations.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.409-415
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• 2012

Post-kyoto regime has been discussing with the GHG reduction commitment. GHG energy target management system also has been applied for the domestic measures in the country. Universities are major emission sources for GHG. It is very important for campus to built the GHG inventory system and estimate the potential GHG emission reduction. In general, GHG inventory on the campus was taken by the IPCC guidance with the classification of scope 1, 2, and 3. Electricity was the highest portion of GHG emission on the campus as 5,053.90 $tonsCO_2eq/yr$ in 2009. Manufacturing sector was the second high emission and meant GHG in laboratory. Potential GHG reduction was planned by several assumptions such as installation of occupancy sensor, exchanging LED lamp and photovoltaic power generation. These reduction scenarios was simulated by LEAP model. In 2020, outlook of GHG emission was estimated by 17,435.98 tons of $CO_2$ without any plans of reduction. If the reduction scenarios was applied in 2020, GHG emission would be 16,507.60 tons of $CO_2$ as 5.3% potential reduction.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study is to configure a taxonomy of uninterpretable Interactions. Background: Following the spread of the Internet, smart devices have increasingly covered our lives. Human beings are now living in an era of tremendous information explosion. We live with numerous interactive targets nowadays, and there are many ways to interact with these targets. Being an interaction designer in this era, we need to clearly understand the existing methods of the interaction. While Bill Moggridge posed interaction design as a new discipline in 1984, it still has not formed a structured framework. Method: This study categorizes uninterpretable interactions through case studies, and configures the taxonomy of uninterpretable interactions based on Object-Oriented View of interaction. To explore the use value and impact of the taxonomy of uninterpretable interactions, this study conducted an experiment and analyzed related results. Results: The framework gives a positive impact on the design process, and interaction designers can clarify and broaden the scope of their ideas. Conclusion: A study on the Taxonomy of Uninterpretable Interactions was the part that did not gain a lot of attention in the existing interaction process. The study made the part more clear. And the study also helps interaction designers expand their roles in the development process of products or services. Application: The taxonomy framework of uninterpretable interactions might help interaction designers design uninterpretable interactions more clearly, and it can also be applied to design interpretable interactions.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.609-615
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• 2011

In recent public institutions and banks to improve competitiveness in the integration of information systems projects are larger in size and may be the project's ever-growing need appropriate software project management plan. However, between the effect of the project management area for systematic research was scarce. Through this study, previous research in the important area of project management is developed, and "scope, schedule, quality, human resources, risk" of each area of impact analysis and the interaction between the progress of each area, the planning, execution, completion Performance levels were analyzed separately. Affected and Performance Analysis of the results to assess the level of the project management model is presented.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2015

Purpose Co-creation is a form of collaboration to create joint values with participation of diverse interested parties. It has been introduced by large companies at an early stage and due to changes in management environment, the scope of its concept has been expanding to the SMM(Small and Medium Manufactures). The objective of this study is to examine the impact of Co-creation on SMM's non-financial and financial performance. Design/methodology/approach Based on literature review, the research model was developed. To test this research model, we collected 188 questionnaires with SMM which utilized Co-creation and supplied parts to the companies. The t-test and ANOVA were employed for the analysis of data Findings The research result showed that the difference in business performance between the groups with much use of Co-creation and those with little use of Co-creation, there was significant difference in both non-financial and financial performance. In addition, non-financial and financial performance were different among four implementation behavior of Co-creation including Common value, Information share, Risk benefit, and Mutual benefit.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of various fusion research journals and the operational strategies of such journals and compare them with the operational strategies of IJIDB. Research design, data, and methodology - This study focused on the contents analysis of convergence journals after summarizing the development history from IJIDB's past and its external situation. In addition, we analyzed other strategies such as the number of publication journals, the number of publications, the academic scope, and the impact factor that other convergence journals operate on. Results - As a result of the analysis, the convergent journals showed to have several related journals, and some journals managed their impact factor well at 5.8. Also, some journals loaded 25 papers in one volume. Also, the managerial functions in IJIDB should be developed further to increase its stability. Finally, opportunities for articles by Candidates of Ph.D. and Masters degree students should be more open to in this field. Conclusions - If IJIDB finds its competitiveness in comparison with the operational strategies of other convergence journals, it will be the best journal in the Korea Citation Index to receive the most research papers and hospitality from scholars in the Korean journals.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.137-151
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• 2004

Many of today's environmental problems are regional in scope and their effects overlap and interact. The purpose of this paper is to developed a simple method for an integrated assessment of environmental conditions across the Mid-Nakdong River Region, by combining data on land use, impervious cover, roads, streams, riparian areas, forest patches, population, pollutant loadings, soil erosion and topography. A cluster analysis was used to identify groups of sub-watersheds with similar environmental characteristics. The mean value for each group was used to find watershed that may be more vulnerable to future environmental degradation. Watersheds in cluster I and II had high amount of forest, but the amount of riparian vegetation was low. Watersheds in cluster III, which located in the middle Geumho River and the main course of Nakdong River, had a greater proportion of their agriculture, a greater proportion of agriculture on steep slopes, and less forest adjacent to streams. Watersheds in cluster IV and V were in the most urbanized areas of the region. The principal adverse impacts for watersheds in this group were high scores for urban area, impervious cover, pollutant loadings, population density, forest fragmentation, and low amounts of forest and riparian forest cover. Notwithstanding the exploratory nature of cluster analysis, it appears to be a useful tool for grouping watersheds with similar environmental characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2017

The $4^{th}$ Industry Revolution was advocated by Klaud Schwab who is founder of World Economic Forum at the Davos Forum in 2016, and there are big differences on ICT based $4^{th}$ Industry revolution in the aspects of speed, scope and impact compared with the 3rd Industry revolution. Creating new industries and values through technology such as internet of things, cloud, big data, and artificial intelligence are included in the meaning of The $4^{th}$ industry revolution. In this article, the direction of change to water technology in response to the $4^{th}$ Industry revolution is surveyed. 4G Water Infra should minimize environmental impact under the consideration of sustainable development and advanced technologies. To solve the existing water infra problems, it is common and fundamental that the intake water from nature can be regarded as borrowed from nature and it should be returned to natural state with improved water quality. Government, academic organizations and industries should prepare and collaborate together in order to help our country with outstanding capabilities in infrastructure construction and ICT to lead the 4G water technology development.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

Purpose - The study attempts to investigate the relationship between inventory management and firm performance using a multi-dimensional aspect of inventory management with respect to lean management practices across countries. Research design, data, and methodology - 1643 manufacturing firms from Japan and the US that SIC ranges from 2000 to 3999 were chosen to conduct the empirical test. This study employs hierarchical OLS regression analysis to examine the impact of control variables, ABI, EBI, and the interaction between ABI and EBI on firm performance. Results - The result indicates that in Japan high level of inventory negatively influences the accounting flows of business, while US manufactures exhibit strong positive impact of ELI on firm performance across accounting and market measures. The results show that the complementarity between the amount and the speed of inventory does exist. Except for Tobin's q, the sign of interaction term coefficient is negative, suggesting that when the amount of inventory increases and it stays longer in a firm, market values, ROS, and ROA suffers. Conclusions - The major finding of this study is that there exist some complementarities between the scope and implication of inventory management for lean strategy across countries, particularly in U.S. and Japanese firms.