• Title/Summary/Keyword: Imidacloprid

검색결과 121건 처리시간 0.042초

Effects of Seed-treatment Fungicides on Bakanae Disease of Rice

  • Park, Hyo-Won;Shim, Hong-Sik;Kim, Yong-Ki;Yeh, Wan-Hae;Kim, Choong-Hoe
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.91.1-91
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    • 2003
  • Bakanae disease, caused by Gibberella fujikuroi (anamorph Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheldon), a typical seed-borne disease of rice occurs from nursery to paddy fields. Consequently, chemical seed disinfectants is the most efficient control method. Several seed treatment methods with various fungicides were attempted to inhibit disease. Spray and 24 hrs immersion of seeds using prochloraz emulsion reduced disease infection and the control value were 99.3 and 100%, respectively. In contrast, dressing to wet seeds thiophanate-methyl+thiram wp and benomyl+thiram wp reduced disease infection more effectively than 24 hrs immersion of seeds. However, dressing of carpropamid+imidacloprid+fludioxonil wp to wet seeds did not reduced disease as well as wettable liquid of fludioxonil. The results suggest that the bakanae disease might be disinfected effectively by 24 hrs immersion of seeds in prochloraz emulsion and seed dressing of fungicides.

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Effects of Wood Vinegar Mixted with Insecticides on the Mortalities of Nilaparvata lugens and Laodelphax striatellus(Homoptera: Delphacidae)

  • Kim, Dong-Hun;Seo, Han-Eul;Lee, Sang-Chul;Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 2008
  • Effects of wood vinegar on the activity of various insecticides were determined by measuring the mortality of two species of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Laodelphax striatellus. Wood vinegar itself did not show insecticidal activity on planthoppers. When the planthoppers were treated with wood vinegar mixed with one of insecticides such as BPMC, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, carbosulfan or insect growth regulators, the planthopper mortality induced by carbosulfan was greatly increased by the wood vinegar in comparison with a single carbosulfan treatment. Wood vinegar showed no effect on other insecticides. In addition, the wood vinegar-carbosulfan mixture significantly reduced AChE activity of planthoppers, which is a target molecule of carbosulfan. This result suggests that wood vinegar has a synergistic effect on the insecticidal activity of carbosulfan. Our study provides information on a potential role of wood vinegar in facilitation of activity of specific insecticides.

Inspection of the Fragmentation Pathway for Thiamethoxam

  • Son, Sunwoong;Kim, Byungjoo;Ahn, Soenghee
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.65-68
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    • 2017
  • Thiamethoxam is one of the main suspect in honeybee colony collapse disorder (CCD). Due to this reason, thiamethoxam including imidacloprid and clothianidin has been banned for two years in some Europe countries. The CCD phenomenon has also been reported in Korea. Regarding this issue and needs, a new project has started to develop the method for the quatitation of thiamethoxam using isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). In the process of optimization for the IDMS method with thiamethoxam and $thiamethoxam-d_3$, we observed that the fragment peaks did not correspond to the fragmentation pathway as published elsewhere. Here, we proposed a candidate fragmentation pathway. To validate the proposed fragmentation pathway, another isotope analogue, $thiamethoxam-d_4$, was introduced and the MS/MS spectra of both isotope analogues were compared. In addition, the MS/MS/MS spectra of thiamethoxam were inspected for more evidence of the candidate pathway. Those spectra indicated that the proposed fragmentation pathway could be used to assign the fragment peaks of thiamethoxam.

Comparison of Acute Toxicity of Different Groups of Pesticides to Honey Bee Workers(Apis Mellifera L.)

  • Ulziibayar, Delgermaa;Jung, Chuleui
    • 한국양봉학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.305-313
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    • 2019
  • Honey bees (Apis mellifera) forage in agricultural areas, and are exposed to diverse pesticide poisoning. Toxic effects on Apis mellifera of different groups of pesticides were tested in the laboratory; fungicide (Metconazole), herbicide (Glyphosate), acaricide (Amitraz), organophosphate insecticide(Fenitrothion) and neonicotinoid insecticides(Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Dinotefuran and Clothianidin). Commercial formulations were serially diluted from the recommended concentration (RC) to 10-6 times to carry out feeding and contact tests. Toxicity was transformed into lethal dose (LD50) and hazard question (HQ). The acute toxicity of pesticides showed similar patterns between feeding and contact tests. But feeding tests showed greater toxic to honey bee than contact test. The organophosphate and nitro-neonicotinoid insecticides were highly toxic with HQ values ranging greater than 1. However, cyano-neonicotinoids of Thiacloprid and Acetamiprid showed low toxicity. Even at the RC, 24 hr mortalities were 18 and 30%. The acaricide (Amitraz) showed intermediate level of toxicity at RC but negligible at the concentration lower than 10-1 times. A fungicide(Metconazole) and herbicide(Glyphosate) showed minimal impacts. The results imply that the selective use of pesticides could help conservation of pollinators in agricultural production systems.

버섯 재배용 배지 재료로 수입한 농업부산물에서 중금속, 잔류농약, 영양성분 조사 (Investigation of Heavy Metals, Residual Pesticides and Nutrient Component from Agricultural By-products Imported as Medium Substrates for Mushroom Cultivation)

  • 김준영;이근식;이찬중;김성환
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.217-221
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    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND: For the food safety of cultivated mushroom, information on the safety of agricultural by-products imported as medium substrates for mushroom cultivation is urgently needed. Therefore, this study was performed to detect the presence of heavy metals, residual pesticides, and nutrient component in the imported medium substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six kinds of medium substrates imported from nine countries from 2015 to 2017 were investigated. A mercury analyzer MA-2000 and an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer OPTIMA 7000DV were used to analyze mercury, lead, arsenic, copper, nickel and cadmium. All of these heavy metals were detected at lower level than heavy metal tolerance standard level of by-product fertilizer in Korea. When 246 kinds of residual pesticides were examined by GC and HPLC, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and carbendazim were detected from Egyptian beet pulp, Indian cottonseed meal and cottonseed hull, respectively. The content of nutrient components (water, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber) varied among imported countries and the medium substrates. CONCLUSION:The presence of heavy metals and residual pesticides in imported medium substrates for mushroom cultivation was confirmed. For the safe production of mushroom, this study shows that imported medium materials for mushroom cultivation need to be managed through continuous monitoring.

콩모자이크병 전염억제를 위한 진딧물 발생소장과 살충제 선발 (Seasonal Occurrence of Aphids and Selection of Insecticides for Controlling Aphids Transmitting Soybean Mosaic Virus)

  • 김율호;노재환;김명기;임대준;허일봉
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.353-355
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    • 2000
  • 콩 재배포장에 정착하는 매개 진딧물 발생소장과 효율적인 살충제 선발을 통해 콩모자이크병 피해 경감 방법을 모색코자 실시한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 적기파종에서의 진딧물 발생최성기는 6월 하순과 8월 중순 2회였으나, 조기파종에서의 진딧물 발생최성기는 6월 중순으로 적기파종에 비해 진딧물 발생최성기가 약 10일정도 빨랐다. 2. 공시약제인 이미다클로프리드수화제, 벤즈유제, 아시트수화제 등은 모두 95% 이상의 진딧물 방제가를 보여 약효가 우수하였고 약해도 없어 효과적인 진딧물 방제 약제로 선발되었다. 3. 이미다클로프리드입제를 토양 혼입처리한 시험구는 무처리구에 비해 처리 후 52일까지 진딧물 발생이 억제되었다. 4. 아시트 50% 수화제를 콩 생육단계 V4, V6, V4/V6에 1회 또는 2회 처리하였을 때, 처리구 모두 무처리구에 비해 SMV 발병률이 낮아 방제효과가 인정되었으며, 특히 V4/V6 시기 2회 처리구에서 SMV 발병률이 낮았다.

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친환경적 밤 종실해충 방제 연구 (Study on Chestnut Insect Pests by Environmentally Friendly Controls in Korea)

  • 이총규
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2009
  • 밤 종실의 생산량과 재배 농가의 소득증대를 위한 친환경적 방제 기술을 보급하고자 밤의 주 생산지인 경상남도 밤나무 집단 재배지에서 몇 가지 친환경적인 방법으로 처리하였다. 그 결과, 복숭아명나방(Dichocrocis punctiferalis)의 피해율은 조생종(단택, 삼조생)의 경우, 웜스톱 처리구에서 피해율이 7.76%로 가장 낮았고, 웜스톱+목초액, 포충등 처리구 순으로 증가였다. 중생종(유마, 축파)의 피해율은 웜스톰 처리구에서 13.39%로 가장 낮았으며, 만생종(박미, 은기)은 피해율간 유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 처리별 방제가는 조생종, 만생종 밤의 웜스톱 처리구에서 각각 40.49%, 41.89%로 가장 높았다. 밤바구미(Curculio sikkimensis)의 피해율은 조생종과 중생종 밤에서 낮았으며, 숙기별 처리간의 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). 만생종 밤에서의 피해율은 웜스톱과 이미다클로프리드 처리구가 15.38%로 가장 피해율이 낮았으며, 항공방제, 웜스톱, 포충등 처리구 순이었다. 밤바구미(Curculio sikkimensis)에 대한 처리별 방제가는 조생종과 중생종에서는 낮았고, 만생종의 웜스톱과 이미다클로프리드, 항공방제 처리구에서 방제가는 각각 34.59%, 28.94%였다.

Synthesis and Evaluation O-Benzyl Oxime-ether Derivatives Containing β-Methoxyacrylate Moiety for Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities

  • Hu, Zhi-Bin;Luo, He-An;Wang, Xiao-Guang;Huang, Ming-Zhi;Huang, Lu;Pang, Huai-Lin;Mao, Chun-Hui;Pei, Hui;Huang, Chao-Qun;Sun, Jiong;Liu, Ping-Le;Liu, Ai-Ping
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.1073-1076
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    • 2014
  • In attempt to lead compounds exhibiting both insecticidal and fungicidal activities, a series of O-benzyl oximeether derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing ${\beta}$-methoxyacrylate pharmacophore into a scaffold. The insecticidal activity against Aphis fabae and the fungicidal activity against Erysiphe graminis were screened. The title compounds exhibited remarkable insecticidal and fungicidal activities. The most potent compound 6d was identified. Its insecticidal $LC_{50}$ against A. fabae is 6.4 mg/L, which is lower than that of chlorfenapyr (19.4 mg/L) and even close to the level of imidacloprid (4.8 mg/L). Its fungicidal $EC_{90}$ in preventive and curative treatment against E. graminis are 2.2 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively, which are lower than azoxystrobin (7.0 and 5.9 mg/L). These results indicate that compound 6d can be considered as a lead for further developing new O-benzyl oxime-ether typed candidates with both fungicidal and insecticidal activities.

몇 가지 약제처리에 대한 꼬마배나무이(Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster)의 섭식행동 변화 및 살충효과 (Changed in Feeding Behavior of Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Activities of Several Insecticides)

  • 박민우;권혜리;유용만;윤영남
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.72-81
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    • 2016
  • 꼬마배나무이의 섭식행동과 살충제를 처리하였을 경우 꼬마배나무이의 섭식행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 EPG 기술을 사용하여 기록하고 분석하였으며 약효실험을 실시하였다. 약제를 처리하였을 경우에 나타난 꼬마배나무이의 섭식행동의 패턴은 약제를 처리하지 않은 상태에서 나타나는 섭식행동의 패턴과 약제별로 출현 양상과 빈도가 다르게 나타났다. 배나무 잎에 서로 다른 약제 5종을 처리하였을 경우, 약제들 사이에 차이가 나타나는 패턴은, 첫째, 섭식을 하지 않는 파형 Np 시간이며, 가장 길게 나타난 것은 benfuracarb를 처리하였을 때이다. 둘째, 식물체에 침투할 때에 나타나는 파형 PA에 소요한 시간이 차이를 나타냈으며 가장 긴 시간을 필요로 한 경우는 flonicamid를 처리하였을 때이다. 셋째, 물관부에서 섭식할 때에 나타나는 파형 PG에 소요된 시간이 차이를 나타냈으며, 약제 중 물관부 섭식에 많은 시간을 소요한 경우는 deltamethrin과 fenitrothion을 처리하였을 때이다. 약제를 처리하여 EPG 기록한 결과 시간대별 꼬마배나무이의 섭식 소요 시간의 비율은 섭식을 하지 않는(Np) 시간의 비율이 식물체 침투(PA+PB), 유조직 침투와 섭식(PC1+PC2), 물관부 체관부 섭식에 소요하는 시간(PD+PE1+PE2, PG)에 비하여 더 많은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 5 종류의 살충제 중, 직접처리 24시간 후 imidacloprid의 살충률이 가장 높았으며, 48시간 이후부터는 모든 살충제에서 100%의 살충률을 나타내었다. 간접처리한 결과, benfuracarb가 다른 살충제에 비해 높은 살충률을 기록했는데, 이는 EPG 섭식행동 실험결과에서 benfuracarb에 의해 구침을 빼고 있는 Np패턴의 시간이 가장 길게 기록된 것과 일치하는 결과를 보여주었다.

농약의 지렁이에 대한 위해성 평가 (Risk Assessment of Pesticide for Earthworms)

  • 박경훈;박연기;주진복;경기성;신진섭;김찬섭;박병준;엄재열
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.280-287
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    • 2003
  • 주요 토양 처리용 농약 (10종 원제)의 지렁이에 대한 급성독성시험을 실시하여 노출을 고려한 위해성을 평가한 결과 paraquat dichloride와 pendimethalin은 지렁이에 대한 위해성이 무시할 수 있는 수준으로, benfuracarb, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, endosulfan, isazofos, parathion 등 6종은 위해성이 낮은 것으로 그리고 imidacloprid와 phorate는 위해성이 높은 것으로 평가하고 번식독성시험이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 토양중 추정농도가 높은 22종 제품농약의 경우 인공토양을 이용한 독성시험 결과 dazomet 98% GR과 metam-sodium 25 % SL은 기준량 및 배량처리구에서 모두 치사하여 지렁이에 대한 영향이 높은 것으로, calcite 95% WP, calcium polysulfide 36% CF, chlorothalonil 75% WP, daminozide 85% WP, dichlonil 6.7% GR, etridiazole 25% EC, fosetyl-Al 80% WP, glyphosate 41% SL, hymexazo1 30% SL, iprodione 50% WP, machine oil 95% EC, mancozeb 75% WP, metam-sodium 25% SL, propineb 70% WP, terbuthylazine 80% WP, triazophos 40% EC는 지렁이에 대한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났으나, thiophanate-methyl 70% WP, copper hydroxide 77% WP, dimethoate 46% EC, tolclofos-methyl 50% WP 및 propamocarb hydrochloride 67% SL 등 5 농약은 영향여부가 불분명하여 아만성독성시험을 수행한 결과 thiophanate-methy1 70% WP는 기준량 이상 처리시 지렁이에 치사 등 영향을 나타냈으나, copper hydroxide 77% WP, dimethoate 46% EC, tolclofos-methyl 50% WP 및 propamocarb hydrochloride 67% SL는 지렁이에 대한 영향이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다.