• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2017

A watermark is a signal added to the original signal in order to preserve the copyright of the owner of the digital content. The basic challenge for designing a watermarking system is a dilemma between transparency and robustness. If we want a higher rate of transparency, there has to be a compromise in terms of its robustness and vice versa. Also, until now, watermarking is generalized, resulting in the need for a specialized algorithm to work for a specialized image processing application domain. Our proposed technique takes into consideration the image characteristics for watermark insertion and it optimizes transparency and robustness. It achieved a 99.98% retrieval efficiency for an image blurring attack and counterfeits other attacks. Our proposed technique counterfeits almost all of the image processing attacks.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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• pp.1815-1818
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• 2003

Digital watermarking is technique, which owner's information is inserted in digital image, with intention to protecting a copyright of digital image. In watermarking for copyright and authentication, watermark shouldn't be distorted or disappeared after general image processes like a compression and filtering. In this paper, we present a new digital image watermarking algorithm which combines the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the singular value decomposition (SVD). Simulation results show that the newly proposed algorithm is not only robust nevertheless variable attacks like noise, filtering and JPEG compression but also secure in application.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2016

Today's modern world requires a digital watermarking technique that takes the redundancy of an image into consideration for embedding a watermark. The novel algorithm used in this paper takes into consideration the redundancies of spatial domain and wavelet domain for embedding a watermark. Also, the cryptography-based secret key makes the algorithm difficult to hack and help protect ownership. Watermarking is blind, as it does not require the original image. Few coefficient matrices and secret keys are essential to retrieve the original watermark, which makes it redundant to various intentional attacks. The proposed technique resolves the challenge of optimizing transparency and robustness using a Canny-based edge detector technique. Improvements in the transparency of the cover image can be seen in the computed PSNR value, which is 44.20 dB.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.778-786
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• 2014

Buyer-seller watermarking protocol is one of the copyright protection techniques which combine a cryptographic protocol used in electronic commerce with a digital wetermarking scheme aiming at proving the ownership of multimedia contents and preventing the illegal reproduction and redistribution of digital contents. In this paper, it is proposed a new watermarking scheme in an encrypted domain in an image that is based on the block-DCT framework. In order to implement watermarking scheme in a public-key cryptosystem, it is divided that frequency coefficients exist as real number into integer and decimal layer. And the decimal layer is modified integer type through integral-processing. Also, for robustness and invisibility required in watermarking scheme, it is designed a direction-adaptive watermarking scheme based on locally edge-properties of each block in an image through analyzing distribution property of the frequency coefficients in a block using JND threshold.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.2149-2154
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• 2015

This paper proposes a novel watermarking method to discover the tampers and localize it in digital image. The image which is to be used to generate a watermark is first wavelet decomposed and the edge feature from the sub bands of high frequency coefficients are retrieved to generate a watermark (Edge Feature Image) and which is to be embed on the cover image. Before embedding the watermark, the pixels of cover image are disordered through the Arnold Transform and this helps to upgrade the security of the watermark. The embedding of generated edge feature image is done only on the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the cover image. The invisibleness and robustness of the proposed method is computed using Peak-Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Correlation (NC) and it proves that the proposed method delivers good results and the proposed method also detects and localizes the tampers efficiently. The invisibleness of proposed method is compared with the existing method and it proves that the proposed method is better.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.629-632
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• 2001

본 논문은 최근 급격히 대두되어지고 있는 디지털 영상에 대한 워터마킹(Watermarking) 기법들중에서 웨이블릿 기반의 여러 가지 기법들에 대한 장/단점을 비교하였다. 워터마킹은 소유권을 주장하기 위하여 '워터마크'라는 디지털 신호를 영상에 첨가하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 워터마킹 기법들 중에서 웨이블릿 기법을 이용한 워터마킹에 대해서 국 내/외에서 주장되어진 여러 가지 예들을 가지고 비교함으로써, 보다 실용적인 워터마킹 기법을 제시하고자 한다. 실험 결과 제안된 여러 가지 기법들 중에서 보다 우수한 화질과 강인한 특성을 가지는 워터마킹 기법에 대해서 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2019

Transmitting visual information over a broadcasting network is not only prone to a copyright violation but also is a forgery. Authenticating such information and protecting its authorship rights call for more advanced data encoding. To this end, electronic watermarking is often adopted to embed inscriptive signature in imaging data. Most existing watermarking methods while focusing on robustness against degradation remain lacking of measurement against security loophole in which the encrypting scheme once discovered may be recreated by an unauthorized party. This could reveal the underlying signature which may potentially be replaced or forged. This paper therefore proposes a novel digital watermarking scheme in temporal-frequency domain. Unlike other typical wavelet based watermarking, the proposed scheme employed the Lorenz chaotic map to specify embedding positions. Effectively making this is not only a formidable method to decrypt but also a stronger will against deterministic attacks. Simulation report herein highlights its strength to withstand spatial and frequent adulterations, e.g., lossy compression, filtering, zooming and noise.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 워터마크가 삽입된 이미지의 복원을 위한 리버서블 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 워터마킹 기법에서는 정보 삽입 때문에 원본 이미지에 열화를 발생시키지만 본 알고리즘은 워터마크 추출 후 워터마크가 삽입된 이미지로부터 열화를 제거하여 원본 이미지를 복원시킨다. 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 이미지 히스토그램의 최대점과 로케이션 맵을 이용하여 이미지의 열화를 인지할 수 없도록 픽셀 값에 약간의 변화만을 주어 워터마크를 삽입한다. 히스토그램의 최대점과 로케이션 맵을 이용함으로써 수신측에 부가적인 정보를 전달할 필요가 없다. 또한 로케이션 맵을 이용하여 워터마크 삽입 지점을 파악할 수 있기 때문에 반복 삽입을 통하여 정보 삽입량을 증가시킬 수 있다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.599-617
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• 2017

Due to the rapid growth and expansion of the Internet, the digital multimedia such as image, audio and video are available for everyone. Anyone can make unauthorized copying for any digital product. Accordingly, the owner of these products cannot protect his ownership. Unfortunately, this situation will restrict any improvement which can be done on the digital media production in the future. Some procedures have been proposed to protect these products such as cryptography and watermarking techniques. Watermarking means embedding a message such as text, the image is called watermark, yet, in a host such as a text, an image, an audio, or a video, it is called a cover. Watermarking can provide and ensure security, data authentication and copyright protection for the digital media. In this paper, a new watermarking method of still image is proposed for the purpose of copyright protection. The procedure of embedding watermark is done in a transform domain. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is exploited in the proposed method, where the watermark is embedded in the selected coefficients according to several criteria. With this procedure, the deterioration on the image is minimized to achieve high invisibility. Unlike the traditional techniques, in this paper, a new method is suggested for selecting the best blocks of DCT coefficients. After selecting the best DCT coefficients blocks, the best coefficients in the selected blocks are selected as a host in which the watermark bit is embedded. The coefficients selection is done depending on a weighting function method, where this function exploits the values and locations of the selected coefficients for choosing them. The experimental results proved that the proposed method has produced good imperceptibility and robustness for different types of attacks.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2003

디지털 워터마킹은 이미지, 사운드와 같은 멀티미디어 데이타에 지각할 수 없도록 비밀 정보를 삽입하는 기법이다. 일반적으로 주파수 영역 워터마킹 기법에서는 원 이미지에 대해 주파수 변환을 하고, 그 변환 면에 부호화된 워터마크 데이타를 삽입한다. 본 논문에서 우리는 Fresnel 변환을 이용한 새로운 워터마크 데이타 삽입 기법을 제안한다. 워터마크 이미지를 Fresnel 변환시켜 얻은 패턴의 값들을 원 이미지에 삽입한다. 본 워터마킹 모델은, 하나의 워터마크 이미지로부터 Fresnel 변환의 거리 파라미터의 값에 변화를 줌으로써 다양한 삽입 패턴을 얻을 수 있음으로 인해 데이타 삽입에 있어서 유연성을 가진다. 또한 도형, 문자, 사진과 같은 모든 종류의 이미지를 워터마크 데이타로 사용하는 것이 가능하다. 제안된 기법의 유효성을 검증하기 위한 실험 결과, 손실 압축, 필터링, 기하학적 변환 등의 공격에 대해 내성을 지니고 있음을 보였다.