• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.45-47
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• 2005

Cleft lip is a congenital deformity condition with separation of the two sides of the lip and results in nose deformity. Evaluation of surgical corrections and outcome assessments in nose deformity resulting from the cleft lip depend mainly on doctor's objective judgment. Development of an objective assessment tool in evaluation of the condition and surgical outcome of cleft lip nose deformity patients will help in advancement and evaluation of surgical techniques of cleft lip. Hence, our study aimed on quantitative assessment of a cleft lip nose deformity condition by comparing following parameters gathered from a photographic image of a cleft lip patient: (1) angle difference between two nostril axis, (2) center of the nostril and distance between two centers, (3) overlapped area of two nostrils and (4) the overlapped area ratio of two nostrils. Assessment results of the nose deformity were determined by statistical analysis of evaluation results from three greatly experienced plastic surgeons. In addition, regression model was developed using correlation relationship and factor analysis of parameters from results of the image analysis.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.517-520
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• 2005

Cleft lip is a congenital deformity condition with separation of the two sides of the lip and results in nose deformity Evaluation of surgical corrections and outcome assessments in nose deformity resulting from the cleft lip depend mainly on doctor's objective judgment. Development of an objective assessment tool in evaluation of the condition and surgical outcome of cleft lip nose deformity patients will help in advancement and evaluation of surgical techniques of cleft lip. Hence, our study aimed at quantitative assessment of a cleft lip nose deformity condition by comparing following parameters gathered from a photographic image of a cleft lip patient: (1) angle difference between two nostril axis, (2) center of the nostril and distance between two centers, (3) overlapped area of two nostrils and (4) the overlapped area ratio of two nostrils. Assessment results of the nose deformity were determined by statistical analysis of evaluation results from three experienced plastic surgeons. In addition, regression model was developed using correlation relationship and factor analysis of parameters from results of the image analysis

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.568-571
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• 1997

Recently, the number of techniques for analyzing medical images has been increasing in computer vision, employing X-ray CT images, ultrasound images, MR images, moire topographic images, etc. Spinal deformity is a serious problem especially for teenagers and medical doctors inspect moire topographic images of their backs visually for the primary screening. If a subject is normal, the moire image is almost symmetric with respect to the middle line of the subject's back, otherwise it shows asymmetric shape. In this paper, an image analysis technique is described for discriminating suspicious cases from normal in human spinal deformity by recognizing asymmetric moire images of human backs. The principal axes which are sensitive to asymmetry of the moire image are extracted at two parts on a subject's back and their angles are evaluated with respect to the detected middle line of the back. The two angles compose a 2-D feature space and inspected cases are divided into two clusters in the space by a linear discriminant function based on the Mahalanobis distance. Given 120 cases, 60 normal and 60 abnormal, the leave-out method was applied for the recognition and 75% recognition rate was achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2005

This paper presents a computer-aided simulation and robotic-assisted execution technology of external fixation method to achieve fracture reduction and deformity correction in long bones. Combining the kinematic analysis with a graphic model of the tibia and the fixator allowed 3D simulation and visualization of the adjustments required to reduce fracture or correct bone deformity as a pre-operative planning tool. The developed robot model provided accurate deformity correction with small residual deformity based on the results of the planning. By incorporating the robot model with image-guided system and computer-aided planning, the integrated system could be useful for computer-aided pre-operative planning and robotic-assisted execution in fracture treatment and bone deformity surgery.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.244-247
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• 1995

A technique is presented for evaluating spinal deformity of a human back by extracting a spinal line based on 3-D topograpic reconstruction of the back from its moire image. A given moire image is differentiatedby DOG filter to extract moire stripes. The stripes are then assigned labels and the labels are interpolated by the Lagrange polynomial to yield the undulation of the back which gives a relative 3-D shape of the back. A valley is searched on the undulation near the middle part of the back and the valley line is finally extracted as an approximated spinal line. The mean differenceand the variance between the spinal line and the middle line are calculated and reported. Experiment is performed employing real moire images ofjunior-high school students' backs and some of the results are shown with discussion.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.105.1-105
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• 2001

In this paper, a technique is described for classifying normal cases and abnormal cases in automatic spinal deformity detection by computer based on moire topographic images of human backs. Displacement is evaluated statistically between the middle line extracted from the entire moire image and the middle line obtained from a small rectangle area defined on the moire image. The middle line is calculated employing a developed potential symmetry analysis technique. The displacement is calculated in several regions and the mean and the standard deviation of the displacement values are chosen as two features. A linear discriminant function (LDF) is defined on the 2-D feature space based on the Mahalanobis distance and the features are classified into two categories, i.e., normal and ...

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2018

The prevalence of patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) has been reported as high as 68%. ASD often leads to significant pain and disability. Recent emphasis has been placed on sagittal plane balance and restoring normal sagittal alignment with regards to the three dimensional deformity of ASD. Optimal sagittal alignment has been known to increase spinal biomechanical efficiency, reduce energy expenditure by maintaining a stable posture with improved load absorption, influence better bony union, and help to decelerate adjacent segment deterioration. Increasingly positive sagittal imbalance has been shown to correlate with poor functional outcome and poor self-image along with poor psychological function. Compensatory mechanisms attempt to maintain sagittal balance through pelvic rotation, alterations in lumbar lordosis as well as knee and ankle flexion at the cost of increased energy expenditure. Restoring normal spinopelvic alignment is paramount to the treatment of complex spinal deformity with sagittal imbalance. Posterior osteotomies including posterior column osteotomies, pedicle subtraction osteotomies, and posterior vertebral column resection, as well anterior column support are well known to improve sagittal alignment. Understanding of whole spinal alignment and dynamics of spinopelvic alignment is essential to restore sagittal balance while minimizing the risk of developing sagittal decompensation after surgical intervention.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.169-172
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• 2013

A malformation of the anal fin in longfin trevally, Carangoides armatus, is described and compared with normal specimens. The fish specimen is clearly shown anal fin deformity with missing of 3 spines and 6 rays. The remaining eleven anal fin rays are shorter than those in the normal specimen. The causative factors of this anomaly were discussed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.45-47
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• 2006

Cleft palate is a congenital deformity condition with separation of the two sides of the lip resulting in nose deformity. Evaluation of surgical corrections and outcome assessments for nose deformity due to the cleft lip depends mainly on doctor's subjective judgment. An objective method for evaluation of the condition and surgical outcome of nose deformity due to the cleft palate is needed. This study aimed at objective assessment of a cleft palate nose deformity condition by analyzing the following parameters obtained from photographic images of a cleft palate patients: (1) angle difference between two nostril axes. (2) center of the nostril and distance between two centers. (3) overlapped area of two nostrils, and (4) the overlapped area ratio of the two nostrils. A regression equation of doctor's grades was obtained using the eight parameters. Three plastic surgeons gave us the grades for the each photographic image by 10 increments with maximum grade of 100. The average reproducibility of the grades given by the three plastic surgeons and the three laymen using the developed program was $10.8{\pm}4.6%$ and $7.4{\pm}1.8%$, respectively. Kappa values representing the degree of consensus of the plastic surgeons and the three laymen were 0.43 and 0.83. respectively. Correlation coefficient of the grades evaluated by the surgeons and obtained by the neural network was 0.798. In conclusion. the developed neural network model provided us better reproducibility and much better consensus than doctor's subjective evaluation in addition to objectiveness and easy application.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.153-158
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the clinical results and effectiveness of resection arthroplasty for correction of lesser toe deformity. Materials and Methods: From January 2000 to November 2012, 92 cases of resection arthroplasty for lesser toe deformity were reviewed. Hammer toe was the most common type of deformity, accounting for 44 toes (33 patients). Hallux valgus was the most common comorbid illness. Second toe was the most commonly affected toe and proximal interphalangeal joint was the most common location of resection arthroplasty (69 toes, 75.0%). We also analyzed the alignment of phalanges using the last follow-up weight bearing radiographic image. The analysis included clinical evaluation with American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score as well as subjective satisfaction. Results: Flexor tenotomy (19 cases) was the most common combined surgery. Floating toe (4 cases) was the most common complication. The last follow-up alignment of phalanges was better than good in 71 toes (77.2%) in anteroposterior view and in 69 toes (75.0%) in lateral view. Sixty one cases (85.9%) resulted in better satisfaction than 'good' and the final average AOFAS score was 87.4. Conclusion: Resection arthroplasty is a valuable surgical option for treatment of lesser toe deformity, with high patient satisfaction, easy surgical technique and remarkable correction of deformity.