• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.309-311
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• 2018

In this report, four unusual communications between external and internal iliac veins of the left side have been presented. The lowest communication was the narrowest measuring about 2 mm in diameter, the second measured 6 mm, the third had a diameter of 7 mm and the last communication measured 5 mm in breadth. The upper three communications were twisted in a helical manner. The internal iliac vein had its normal tributaries except that the iliolumbar vein drained into the external iliac vein at the level of the third communication. The external iliac vein was slightly dilated just below the level of lowest communication.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 1984

This study was performed to investigate the placental transfer and the human fetal utilization of amino acids at term of pregnancy. The plasma levels of 23 free amino acids in both the umbilical circulation ( umbilical vein and artery ) and the uterine circulation ( uterine vein and iliac artery ) of 34 pregnant women were measured at delivery by the cesarean section. In the umbilical circulation, 9 amino acids ( alanine, lysine, valine, leucine, arginine, isoleucine, ornithine, cystine, ${\alpha}-aminobutyrate$ ) were significantly higher and 2 amino acids ( glutamate, aspartate ) were significantly lower in the umbilical vein than in the umbilical artery. In the uterine circulation, alanine, tyrosine and methionine were significantly lower in the uterine vein than in the iliac artery. Glutamate was significantly lower in the uterine vein than in the iliac artery. According to these results, the origin of fetal plasma amino acids was discussed in terms of the metabolic conversions which would occur in the Placenta and the fetal utilization of amino acids was estimated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 1985

The plasma levels of 23 free amino acids in both the umbilical circulation (umbilical vein and artery) and the maternal circulation (antecubital vein, uterine vein and iliac artery ) of 34 pregnant women were measured at delivery by the cesarean section. Each amino acid with the exception of glutamate was found to be in higher concentration in the fetal blood and the cord plasma characterized by hyperaminoacidemia with a marked increase of the lysine and ornithine levels. The linear relationships found between the amino acids concentrations of iliac artery and those of umbilical vein suggest three transport groups across the placental membrane One group consists of neutral amino acids whose slopes are equal to one and the other two groups are characterized by their slopes higher and lower than unity respectivly. This division into three groups is tentatively explained by the result of a dynamic equilibrium between active transport towards the fetus and diffusion back towards the maternal circulation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.337-341
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• 1989

A 40-year-old male developed the swelling of the right leg one month after trauma on cycling. Conservative measures to relieve the swelling of the right leg for three months were failed. Venogram showed complete obstruction of the right common iliac vein. Crossover bypass [Palmas operation] with great saphenous vein graft for relief of venous stasis of the right leg was performed. Postoperatively, the swelling of the right leg was subsided and able to walk without edema of the right leg.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 2023

Inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries, while accounting for fewer than 0.5% of blunt abdominal trauma cases, are among the most difficult to manage. Despite advancements in prehospital care, transportation, operative techniques, and perioperative management, the mortality rate for IVC injuries has remained at 20% to 66% for several decades. Furthermore, 30% to 50% of patients with IVC injuries succumb during the prehospital phase. A 65-year-old male patient, who had been struck in the back by a 500-kg excavator shovel at a construction site, was transported to a regional trauma center. Injuries to the right side of the infrarenal IVC and the right external iliac vein (EIV) were suspected, along with fractures to the right iliac bone and sacrum. The injury to the right side of the infrarenal IVC wall was repaired, and the right internal iliac artery was ligated. However, persistent bleeding around the right EIV was observed, and we were unable to achieve proximal and distal control of the right EIV. Attempts at prolonged manual compression were unsuccessful. To decrease venous return, we ligated the right superficial femoral vein. This reduced the amount of bleeding, enabling us to secure the surgical field. We ultimately controlled the bleeding, and approximately 5 L of blood products were infused intraoperatively. A second-look operation was performed 2 days later, by which time most of the bleeding sites had ceased. Orthopedic surgeons then took over the operation, performing closed reduction and external fixation. Five days later, the patient underwent definitive fixation and was transferred for rehabilitation on postoperative day 22.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 1970

The problem of phlebothrombosis is an important one, not only because of its local effects, but because of the propensity for portions of the venous clot to berak off and travel back to the heart and into the pulmonary Artery. The result of pulmonary embolism, unfortunately is still as prominent a cause of death today as it was before the advant of modern advances in treatment and prevention. This paper reports a case of thrombosis of left common iliac vein left hypogastric vein and left common femoral vein, who had been bedmidden for two weeks because of left knee joint arthritis. Successfully treated with transabdominal direst venous thrombectomy and anticoagulant heparin. Authors also reviewed the references.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 2003

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common disease. However, May-Thurner syndrome, which is the cause of DVT, is an uncommon processes in which there is an impaired venous return due to compression of the left iliac vein by the overlying right common artery. This condition results in a left iliofemoral deep thrombosis and severe leg edema. It is, therefore, called iliac compression syndrome. Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy of acute extensive iliofemoral DVT and balloon angioplasty with venous stenting are recommended. Two cases with history of left leg swelling are diagnosed as May-Thurner syndrome, which was demonstrated by venography. We successfully treated the patients with thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, and stent insertion at the site of common iliac vein compression. Therefore, we report the cases with overall review of the literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.402-406
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• 2002

The conventional surgery method of thrombectomy of venous thrombi from the deep veins of the lower extremity was the use of Forgarty balloon catheter. The catheter is inconvenient due to the presence of the balloon and prohibiting venous valves within the venous trees. With the use of a stone-forceps(Fig. 1), thrombi within iliofemoral vein could be easily removed without the obstacle of the valves because the instrument keeps valves open. This instrument is also useful in monitoring the back-flow from the iliac vein. Thrombi within the veins below the level of inguinal incision are removed successfully only by effective manual compression of the calf and thigh muscles. 1 recommend operating on the iliac vein first rather than the lower venous tree.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 1981

We performed three replacement operations of great venous obstruction with Dacron prosthesis from July, 1980 to Nov. 1980. Summary of 3 cases as belows: 1) Inferior vena cava obstruction . 43 years old male was admitted because of abdominal distension and marked superficial collateral circulation on chest and abdomen. Inferior vena cavogram showed complete obstruction of I. V .C. just below hepatic vein. Bypass operation was done between Rt atrium '||'&'||' I. V.C. (just above renal vein) with Woven Dacron prosthesis (22mm in Diameter) under ex tracorporeal ci rculation. 2) Superior vena cava obstruction . 21 years old male was admitted because of facial edema and irritative cough. Well circumscribed lobulated mass was located at ant. superior mediastinum and extended to Rt. thorax in chest P-A view. Woven Dacron prosthesis (10mm in Diameter) was replaced at involved S.V.C. segment after Rt. upper '||'&'||' middle lobectomy with tumor resection. 3) Common iliac vein obstruction (Lt) . 64 years old female was admitted because of generalized edema and tenderness of Lt. lower extremity. Venography of Lt leg showed complete obstruction of common iliac vein. Woven Dacron prosthesis (10mm in Diameter) was replaced at obstruction site.eplaced at obstruction site.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.244-249
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• 2021

A 53-year-old woman presented with dyspnea. She had undergone extended thymectomy for an invasive thymoma two months prior. CT revealed numerous small nodules in the lung. After that, she deteriorated owing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the vascular surgeon planned veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). During percutaneous cannulation through the left femoral vein, a vascular injury was suspected, and the patient's vital signs became unstable. Diagnostic angiography showed a ruptured left common iliac vein, and the bleeding was stopped by placement of a stent-graft. May-Thurner syndrome was diagnosed on abdominal CT. Here, we report a rare case of ECMO-related vascular injury in a patient with an unrecognized anatomical variant, May-Thurner syndrome.