• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.259-266
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• 2000

Facial nerve is subject to injury at any point in the course from the cerebral cortex to the motor end plate in the face, so many etiologic varieties of facial paralysis may be encountered, including trauma, viral infection and idiopathic. Author have reviewed the effect of electrodiagnostic test in Bell,s palsy. The electrodiagnostic test is helpful for estimating the prognosis of the Bell's palsy patient.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.643-650
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• 1998

Facial nerve is subject to injury at any point in the course from the cerebral cortex to the motor end plate in the face, so many etiologic varieties of facial paralysis may be encountered, including trauma, viral infection and the idiopathic. Authors have studied 39 cases of facial paralysis which had experienced of treatment in our department from March, 1996 to March, 1997 at Dong San Medical Center. The results obtained are as follows : 1) The highest age incidence showed 10 cases(24.6%) in 3rd decade 2) Among the total of 39 cases, male were 21 cases(53.8%) and female were 18cases(46.2%). 3) At the involved side, left side were 19 cases(48.7%) and right side were 18 cases(46.2%). 4) The causes of facial paralysis were; idiopathic (Bell's palsy) in 19 cases(48.7%) infectious in 6 cases(15.4%) neoplastic in 6 cases(15.4%) traumatic in 5 cases(12.9%) metabolic in 2 cases(5.1%) congenital in 1 cases(2.6%) 5) In time interval between onset of symptom and treated initial date, 26 cases(66.7%) in below 10 days and 8 cases(20.5%) in 11-20 days 6) Correlation of recovery rate according to the treated duration did not differ significantly 7)Result after treatment were satisfactory

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Objectives : Bell's palsy is the most common acute facial paralysis but its causes still unclear. At present, one of the most widely accepted cause is viral infections, and generally socioeconomic factors influence the viral infections. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of incidence of facial palsy with socioeconomic factors. Methods : Seventeen patients with a acute facial palsy, who volunteered and completed all of the assessment measures participated. Using data on 17 participants, we examined the independent contribution of education, income, and occupation to a risk factor of severe facial palsy. Severity of global facial impairment was assessed by the facial disability index (FDI), the house-brackmann facial nerve grading system, WHO quality of life - bref (WHOQOL-BREF) and visual analogue scale (VAS) about discomfort of life. Results : There was no correlation between severity of facial palsy and gender, marriage, education, or occupation. Age greater than 60 years (p<0.05), and low monthly income(p<0.05), poor self-rated health was associated with greater severity of idiopathic facial paralysis. Conclusions : The number of subjects with facial palsy in our study (n-17) was small, and therefore generalization to larger patient populations might be unwarranted. But according to the outcome, we suggest that socioeconomic factors, especially low monthly income influence severity of bell's palsy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between patients' characteristics and the beginning period of improvement, as well as contribute to the efficient management of Bell's palsy patients. Methods : The subjects were 94 patients with Bell's palsy. This study was carried out through the use of an administrative database that included patients' characteristics and clinical information. The analysis of the beginning period of improvement by gender, hypertension, diabetes, drinking history, smoking history and facial palsy history was conducted by independent sample t-test. The analysis of the beginning period of improvement by age, House-Brackmann grade, Yanagihara scale and period receiving Korean medical treatment was conducted by Pearson's correlation analysis. Further analysis of the beginning period of improvement by associated symptoms and seasons was conducted by one-way analysis of variance. Results : 1. Significant correlations were not found between the beginning period of improvement and gender, age, season, smoking history, drinking history, facial palsy history, House-Brackmann grade, Yanagihara scale, hypertension, diabetes or associated symptoms. 2. There was significant correlation between the period of receiving Korean medical treatment and the beginning period of improvement. Conclusion : In this study, the earlier that patients received korean medicine treatment after onset, the earlier that the beginning period of improvement could be seen. Therefore, for the efficient management of facial paralysis patients, it is expected to help secure a baseline.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

Background : Bell's palsy(BP) is defined as an idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis of acute onset, accounting for more than 50% of all cases of facial paralysis. Different theories on the etiology of BP have been proposed. Herpes simplex virus-1(HSV) has been the most suspicious causative agent, but varicella zoster virus(VZV) also is suspected. Objectives : We evaluated the serological changes of IgG and IgM titer of HSV and VZV to know the causative agent of BP. Materials and Methods : Subjects consisted of 35 patients who developed acute idiopathic unilateral facial palsy(16 men and 19 women from 9 to 78 years old) within a week of onset. We took the serum of the acute and convalescent stages, respectively. Serum IgG and IgM titer of HSV and VZV were measured in acute and convalescent stages by EIA method. Results : Only the HSV IgG titer showed statistically significant elevation in the convalescent stage(p=0.0291). Others did not show any significant change between the acute and convalescent stage. Conclusion : We concluded that HSV may be related to the causative agent of BP.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends on facial synkinesis after bell's palsy in order to build stepping stone in the hope of further related study in Korean medicine society. Methods : We searched Pubmed with the title "facial synkinesis" only developed after bell's palsy for the last 10 years and analyzed their impact factors, interventions, types of study, published countries, journals and years. Results : We found 12 papers and interventions included in each studies turned out to be effective and showed meaningful outcomes, but, the number of papers is still inadequate though, constantly published annually. And we were unable to find any studies with oriental treatments. Conclusions : Further attention and studies are needed on this topic in Korean medicine society in order to search appropriate oriental clinical care for the bell's palsy patients suffering facial synkinesis.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.114-116
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• 2005

Idiopathic facial nerve palsy, or Bell's palsy(BP) is an acute paralysis of the facial muscles innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. The cause and prognosis of recurrent BP are various. The frequency and heterogenicity of etiology suggest a predisposing factor or immune mechanisms. About 10% to 15% of patients with BP will suffer a recurrence, and less than 1.5% will have more than 4 episodes. We report four patients of chronic recurrent BPs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2007

Although canine facial nerve paralysis(FNP) occurs similarly in humans, there is no properly recognized therapy using Western medicine for idiopathic causes. To elucidate therapeutic measures by acupuncture(AP) on canine FNP, we examined the therapeutic effect of injection-AP on the artificially induced canine FNP. Twelve dogs on artificially induced canine FNP were divided into a control group(4 dogs), an experimental dexamethasone-treated group(dexamethasone group, 4 dogs) and an experimental bee venom-treated group(apitoxin group, 4 dogs). Saline (1 ml) was intramuscularly injected into the head muscle after the induction of FNP in the control group. On the other hand, injection-AP with dexamethasone was performed on such acupoints as LI04, LI20, ST02, ST07, TH17, SI18, GB03 and GB34, twice per week after induction of FNP in the dexamethasone group. In addition, injection-AP with $100{\mu}g$ of apitoxin was performed on the same acupoints as the dexamethasone group twice per week after the induction of FNP in the apitoxin group, respectively. The changes of the clinical symptoms of FNP with each treatment during the experimental period were recorded by using clinical scores, respectively. The changes of serum creatine kinase(CK) activities along with each treatment were determined using an autoanalyzer. The significant differences of clinical scores were detected on day 14(p<0.05) in the apitoxin and dexamethasone groups, compared with those in the control group, respectively. However, significant difference was not detected between the apitoxin and dexamethasone groups. Significant differences of serum CK activities were detected on day 7(p<0.05) and day 14(p<0.05) in the dexamethasone and apitoxin groups, compared with those in the control group, respectively. However, significant difference was not detected between the dexamethasone and apitoxin groups. In condition, injection-APs with apitoxin and dexamethasone were all effective for treatment of canine FNP and the therapeutic effect by injection-AP with apitoxin was similar to that of injection-AP with dexamethasone.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.288-291
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• 2018

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura and is accompanied by a fully reversible motor aura. HM can occur in two forms: familial or sporadic. Currently, three genes are related to familial HM. Typically, HM occurs in the first or second decade of life and involves gradually progressing aura symptoms in succession, accompanied by headaches. The aura includes visual, sensory, motor, aphasic and often basilar-type symptoms. Motor aura (weakness) is related to the regions where the sensory aura is involved, and it usually starts at the hand before spreading to the arm and face. Aphasia is a common form of speech aura, but does not typically present as a difficulty in understanding. In this case report, the sensory-motor aura started at the right face and then gradually progressed to the right leg without any symptoms in the ipsilateral upper extremity. To the best of my knowledge, there has been no previous case report for the presentation of a hemiplegic migraine, as in this case report. As there is a possibility of misdiagnosis of Bell's palsy at the early stage of this case, this case report suggests that a physician should consider the rare possibility of stroke or HM when a patient presents with unilateral facial palsy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.272-276
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• 2007

Purpose : Bell's palsy is defined as an idiopathic facial nerve paralysis of sudden onset. In spite of intensive clinical and experimental investigation, there is still uncertainty in the incidence, etiology, and preferred mode of treatment in children. The objective of this study was to analyze clinical outcome and prognosis of children with Bell' palsy. Methods : We analyzed 61 cases of Bell's palsy diagnosed at the Department of Wonkwang University Hospital from January 1998 to July 2006. The inclusion criteria were any children with acute isolated unilateral lower motor neuron type of facial nerve palsy. The clinical findings and investigations were reviewed including age, sex, affected site, seasonal incidence and result of steroid treatment. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test was used to compare clinical outcome between duration of complete recovery and age. Results : There was no difference in incidence according to sex or age. Incidence was higher in summer and winter. There was no difference in complete recovery rate and duration between steroid treated group and control group. In the group of children younger than 6 years, duration of complete recovery was shorter than older children. Conclusion : We found increasing the incidence of Bell's palsy in summer and winter. Children younger than 6 years had shorter duration in complete recovery.