• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2012

The research investigates the attitudes toward children among mothers young children and maternal grandmothers, focusing specifically on the ideal number of children, gender preference, old age security and positive and negative values of children. A total of 442 respondents, consisting of 221 young mothers (average age of 35) and 221 maternal grandmothers (average age of 63) completed a questionnaire developed by Kim, Park and Kwon (2005). The reliability of the scales ranged from Cronbach α of .78 to .91. The results are as follows. First, as for the ideal number of children, young mothers reported that they would prefer two children, while grandmothers reported that they would prefer four children. As for the ideal number of male child, young mothers reported that they would prefer that they would prefer one son, while grandmothers reported two sons. Second, as for the gender of the child, young mothers did not show a gender preference, while grandmothers stated that at least one child should be a son, especially if it is the only child. Third, grandmothers had higher expectation of old age security in their male child than young mothers but two groups did not show any difference for the female child. Fourth, as for positive values of children, young mothers were more likely to emphasize personal aspects (i.e., psychological pleasure and happiness) and family cohesiveness, while grandmothers were more likely to emphasize social aspects (i.e., continuing the family line and old age security. As for negative values of children, young mothers were more likely to emphasize personal aspects (i.e., parental role and responsibility), while grandmothers were more likely to emphasize social aspects (i.e., family conflict and relationship). Fifth, as for factors that influenced the number of children that they decided to have, young mothers were more likely to report negative values of children (i.e., financial constraints), while grandmothers were more likely to emphasize positive values of children (i.e., continuing the family line).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.121-134
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• 1974

This study is an attempt to evaluate the use of an oral contraceptive by: 1. Deforming the acceptance rate of the oral contraceptive according to socio-demographic characteristics 5. Estimating the duration of the use of the contraceptive f. Discovering reasons why the contraceptive was discontinued 4. Computing the cumulative continuation and discontinuation rate according to socio-demographic characteristics, history of pregnancies, and attitude of husband at the time of selection of the contraceptive. One hundred sixty-eight women of child bearing age (14-49 years), residing in Yonhee Dong, Seoul, Korea and registered as oral contraceptive accepters at Yonsei Community Health Center, were interviewed during a three week period in 1973. The questionnaire was designed to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the oral contraceptive accepters, the current status of their family planning practice, medical reactions if any, discontinuation practice, and the duration of the use of the contraceptive. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1. The acceptance rate was highest for women between 30 and 34 years of age, the mean age being 34.4 years. 2. Fifty six point five percent of all respondents said that thirty years of age was the ideal age to stop having children. 3. The average number of living children was 3.5 and fifty four point eight percent of respondents felt 2 boys and I girl was the ideal number of children. 4. The average number of pregnancies was 5.2 and the average number of induced abortion was I. 4. 5. Fifty eight point eight percent of the respondents had experience in the use of contraceptive methods in the past. 6. Forty one point seven percent of the respondents replied that they chose the oral contraceptive because, "it was not complicated to use." 7. Sixty four point eight percent of the women said their husband approved of their taking the pill. 8. The cumulative discontinuation rate was sixty point five percent of the total respondents for one year in first segment. 9. Sixty six point nine percent of the respondents had experienced side-effect while using the pill. The side effects for 68.9 percent of these women were castro-intestinal upsets. Twenty point eight percent of the women who had side effects consulted with medical personnel about them. Women who had more education had more side effects. 10. Seventy three point two percent of the women who discontinued the pill did so because of medical reasons. Women who were younger discontinued the pill for personal reasons more-often than older women. Among personal reasons listed for discontinuing the pill was the attitude of the husband. 11. The average duration of continuance of the contraceptive was 5.3 cycles under 29 years of age; 7.4 cycles between 30 and 34 years of age; and 8.4 cycles over 40 years of age. 12. The discontinuation rate was seem to increase sharply in the early cycle and increase more slowly in later cycle. Conclusions and suggestions: Since the attitude of the husband was shown to be important, the current family planning program should be expended to include approach to husband. For women who must use the oral contraceptive, education and support must be enhanced so that the discontinuation rate due to side effects will be decreased.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.14-27
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• 2015

This study explores the comparison of body image, body satisfaction, and clothing behaviors between Korean and British young women. Body image was measured by two methods: visual and verbal. For the data analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16.0 for Windows was used to provide descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, and paired sample t- tests were applied in this study. Our results show that Korean and British female college students perceived ideal-body images that were smaller than their self defined body images. The ideal and self-images were significantly different in both groups. Both groups were dissatisfied with their own body size. The study was limited to a small sample size. Future studies using more participants from a more diverse age group and ethnic groups are recommended. The study will help marketers and retailers develop new products and new markets aimed at Korean and British women related to body image and body satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.149-162
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• 1994

The Purpose of this study is to explore the conceptions and the practices about childreariong in the Koryo Dynasty(918-1392 A, D). The method used for this study is the historical method and the literatures of analysis are the Koryo Dynasty History. According to the results the conceptions of childhood in its boundary were that the point at which childhood ended was the age of 15, which was sud-devided into three of different periods. And the conceptions of childhood in its nature and its ideal traits were that child's ability was determinated innately and intellectual features and mutual understanding of others were emphasized as its ideal traits. Also the practices of childrearing in Koryo Dynasty were that a child was carried on adult's back, and that parents prayed for giving birth to their child and finally that the role expectation toward childrearing was affectionate caring. Moreover there were the child welfare work and the educational system in Koryo Dynasty. Through this study, we can have access to the understanding about cultural transmission process of childrearing in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.953-963
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• 2000

This study intended to analyse the factors of brand image and brand image positioning of domestic 20’s female apparel(formal wear) among the consumer groups segmented by benefits sought in apparel and to provide marketing strategy of brand image. The subject of this study were 605 working women in their 20’s living in seoul, and the model sampling was done by convenienced sampling method based on the subjects age and occupation. Survey based on references and former studies was used. and statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, factor analysis, preference regression were applied. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The factor structures of brand image were classified into symbolism/aesthetics, and practicality. 2. Perception, ideal preference vector, and brand preference of brand image were proven to be significantly different among the four segmented consumer groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.323-336
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to classify the contents of self-image of college men and to investigate how clothing behavior was influenced by self-image, age, major, and the expenses of clothing. Samples were 342 male students of univer-sity in Seoul. Results of this study were following : 1. Four factors of self-image derived by factor analysis : F. 1‘mature-unmatured’;F. 2‘characteristic-ordinary’; F. 3‘conservative-open’; F. 4‘dominant-submissive’.2. 5 variables of clothing behavior were influenced by real self-image. Fashion was influenced by characteristic, open, dominant image, and the expenses of clothing. The ex-planatory power of the 4 variables was 29.3%. Aesthetics was influenced by characteristic, submissive, conservative image, the expenses of clothing, and age(R2=28.7%). Modesty was influenced by conservative and ordinary im-age(R2=6.5%). Coformity was influenced by ordinary image and the expenses of clothing (R2=5.7%). Comfort was influenced by dominant image and age(R2=5.3%). 3. 5 variables of clothing behavior were influenced by ideal self-image. Fashion was influenced by unmatured, characteristic, sub-missive image, and the expenses of clothing (R2=28.9%). Aesthetics was influenced by characteristic image, the expenses of clothing, and age(R2=23.5%). Modesty was influenced by conservative, mature, and ordinary image (R2=8.3%). Coformity was influenced by ordinary image(R2=1.9%). Comfort was influenced by mature image and age(R2=5.6%). The findings indicated that self-image had a significant effect on fashion and aesthetics, and characteristic image and conservative image were important variables that affected clothing behavior of college men.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.103-113
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is calling attention to the silver town by analyse preference attributes diversely and suggest alterative plan. Also, offering basic data which needs for the establishment of comfortable and ideal old age residence culture by developing silver town which is appropriate for our circumstances and emotion. The survey population of this study focused on 40s and 50s' middle aged both genders living in the Seoul and national capital region, we used random sampling method. The analytical methods used in this study were frequency, mean, standard deviation, Factor Analysis, t-test, ANOVA, post-hoc estimation (Duncan test), multiple regression, To verify the reliability of each measure, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2022

The prevalence of developmental disabilities is increasing worldwide over time. Developmental issues in infancy or early childhood may cause learning difficulties or behavioral problem in school age, further adversely affecting adolescent quality of life, which finally lead to low socioeconomic status in family, increase in medical expenses, and other relevant issues in various ways. Early childhood has brain plasticity, which means there is a high chance of recovering from developmental issues by early detection and timely intervention. Pediatricians are placed an ideal position to meet with young children till 6 years of age, of which age range is the time applicable to early intervention. Determining child's developmental status can be made by 2 pathways such as developmental surveillance and developmental screening tests. For better results, pediatricians should update their knowledge about developmental issues, risk factors, and screening techniques through varying educational program or other relevant educating materials. This paper will update reports on the prevalence of developmental disabilities and review the recent results of the Korean developmental screening test and discuss relevant issues. Finally, it will be addressed the pediatrician's role in early detecting developmental issues and timely intervention.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.83-98
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out the orientations and characteristic in clothes buying of each age group of elderly women, based on the actual self-image and the ideal self-image of clothing. Grasping the diversity of their clothes' buying orientations will be helpful in making a better merchandise production planning for apparel, and in launching new brands into the market. The study will also provide useful data in developing sales strategies which enable to supply goods that meet consumers' needs and tastes in the quality market, and consequently will help to classify the market. Samples were 488 women of 55 and over, dwelling in Pusan Metropolitan City. The data was analysed by using MANOVA, ANOVA, and the Cronbach's $\alpha$ reliability was also applied. The conclusions based on the theoretical background and the result of questionnaire surveys were as follows: 1. The order of priority of buying orientations based on clothes's actual self-image was 'practicality', 'cautiousness' and 'economical effectiveness' without regard to age. The items that showed the significant differences in 50's were 'cautiousness', 'experimentation', 'fashion-consciousness' and ostentatiouness, and in 70's were 'economical effectiveness', 'experimentation', 'impulsiveness' and 'environmental friendliness', and none in 60's. 2. The order of priority based on clothes' ideal self-image was the same as that of actual one, and there was no significant difference between age groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1558-1566
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• 2010

This study compares the body sizes of Korean and Mongolian female college students, their perceptions about body size, and body satisfaction based on similar cultural backgrounds. The subjects consisted of 164 Korean students and 171 Mongolian students from March to April, 2008. The age range was 17 to 22 years. We directly measured the body sizes of subjects and examined by questionnaire the degree of body cathexis, perceived body size, and ideal body size. Both Korean and Mongolian college students have similar body measurements but Korean college students have smaller heads, broader and slopped shoulders, and thinner arms and legs. There were insignificant differences in perceived body size for both groups; in particular they perceived that their lower body is fat or thick. However, there were differences in body satisfaction. Both groups had the lowest satisfaction rate for their lower bodies; but in all items, Korean college students had a lower body satisfaction rate than Mongolian college students even though they have thinner arms and legs. Finally, the ideal body style for both groups was a skinny body type, but Korean students preferred a much thinner body type. The body satisfaction rate is greatly affected by the ideal body than the actual body.