• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 2011

The first Korean-made icebreaking research vessel "ARAON" had her second sea ice trial in the Arctic Ocean in Aug. 2010 after her first voyage to Antarctic Ocean in Jan. 2010 to gather various material and strength characteristics of sea ice. This is a detail report of ARAON 2010 summer Arctic voyage and this paper describes a standard test procedure to obtain proper sea ice data which provide basic information to estimate ice loads and icebreaking performance of the ship. The data gathered from sea ice in the Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea during the Arctic voyage of the ARAON includes ice temperature/salinity and the compressive/flexural strength of sea ice. This paper analyses the gathered sea ice data in comparison with data from the first voyage of the ARAON during her Antarctic Sea ice trial.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.96-100
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• 2003

For moving cargo between the North Pacific region and Northern European ports, the Northern Sea Route, along Russia's coastline, is 35-60％ shorter than the traditionally used routes through the Suez or Panama Canals. in addition to its shorter distance, there exist extensive ports und shipping infrastructure, and the potential for developing new markets in Russia and other northern countries including Korea and Japan. These incentives attracted considerable attention from the international shipping and shipbuilding industries and have formed a cooperative international research program, called as the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) This paper is a general compilation of the historical usage, recent trade developments, the physical environment, and the practical considerations that may shape future operational mode of shipping in the NSR based on results from INSROP reports. This study focuses mainly on an operation of commercial icebreaking cargo vessels that may be utilized along the NSR.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2016

In this paper, further research is carried out to investigate the resistance encountered by an icebreaking vessel travelling through level ice and channel ice at low speed range. The present paper focuses on experimental and calculated ice resistances by some empirical formulas in both level ice and channel ice. In order to achieve the research, extra model tests have been done in an ice basin. Based on the measurements from model test, it is found that there exists a relationship between ice resistance, minimum ice load, maximum ice load and the standard deviation of ice load for head on operation in level ice. In addition, both level ice resistance and channel ice resistance are calculated and compared with model test results.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

A field trial in an ice-covered sea is one of the most important tasks in the design of icebreaking ships and offshore structures. To correctly estimate the ice load and ice resistance of a ship's hull, it is essential to understand the material properties of sea ice during ice field trials and to use the proper experimental procedure for gathering effective ice data. The first Korean-made icebreaking research vessel, "ARAON," had her second sea ice trial in the Arctic Ocean during the summer season of 2010. This paper describes the test procedures used to obtain proper sea ice data, which provides the basic information for the ship's performance in an ice-covered sea and is used to estimate the correct ice load and ice resistance of the IBRV ARAON. The data gathered from the sea ice in the Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea during the Arctic voyage of the ARAON includes the temperature, density, and salinity of the sea ice, which was believed to be from two-year old ice floes. This paper analyses the gathered sea ice data in comparison with data from the first voyage of the ARAON during her Antarctic Sea ice trial.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

Ice rubble pieces broken by the bow impact load and side hull of an icebreaking vessel usually pass along the ship's bottom hull and may hit the propeller/rudder or other stern structures causing serious damage to ship's hull . Therefore it is important to estimate the size of broken ice pieces during the icebreaking process. The dynamic interaction process of icebreaker with infinite ice sheet is simplified as a wedge type beam of finite length supported by elastic foundation. The wedge type ice beam is leaded with vertical impact forces due to the inclined bow stem of icebreaking vessels. The numerical model provides locations of maximum dynamic bending moment where extreme tensile stress arises and also possible fracture occurs. The model can predict a failure length of broken ice sheet given design parameters. The results are compared to Nevel(1961)'s analytical solution for static load and observed pattern of ice sheet failure onboard an icebreaker. Also by comparing computed failure length with the characteristic length, the meaning of ice rubble sizes is discussed.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.43 no.1 s.145
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• pp.43-49
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• 2006

The hull form of icebreaking tanker depends on the trade route and ice characteristic. The hull form has to be designed for icebreaking concept if the vessel is operating in heavy ice and also the hull from has to be optimized for general tanker when the ship is operating in ice-free ocean. This paper presents comparison of ship resistance in pack ice, level ice and open water. Four ships are used to compare the resistance characteristic. One is conventional tanker and three ships are icebreaking tankers. The ice model test was carried out at the IOT (Institute for Ocean Technology, Newfoundland, Canada) and open water test was performed at 55MB (Samsung Ship Model Basin). The ice resistance of conventional tanker was predicted by Colbourne's method. The resistance of open water, pack ice and level ice are compared and discussed. The best hull form of icebreaker is not good in open water performance compare to conventional tanker. This result explains that the hull form of icebreaker and normal tanker have to compromise when the ship is operated in ice and ice-free condition. The result of this paper gives a guide for icebreaking tanker design.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2018

This paper presents 2D numerical modeling to calculate ship-ice interactions that occur when an icebreaker advances into ice-covered water. The numerical model calculates repeated icebreaking of an ice plate and removal of small ice floes. The icebreaking of the ice plate is calculated using a ship-ice contact detection technique and fluid-structural interaction of ice plate bending behavior. The ship-ice interactions in small ice floes are calculated using a physically based modeling with 3DOF rigid body equations. The ice plate is broken in crushing, bending, and splitting mode. The ice floes drift by wind or current and by the force induced by the ship-ice interaction. The time history of ice force and ice floe distribution when an icebreaker advances into the ice-covered water are obtained numerically. Numerical results demonstrate that the time history of ice force and distribution of ice floes (ice channel width) depend on the ice floe size, ship motion and ice drifting by wind or current. It is shown that the numerical model of ship maneuvering in realistic ice conditions is necessary to obtain precise information about the ship in ice-covered water. The proposed numerical model can be useful to provide data of a ship operating in ice-covered water.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.489-494
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• 2014

Estimation of correct ice load under various operating conditions is important during the design and the operation stages of an icebreaker. Normal operating conditions are expected from the official field ice trials and also from general ice transit action. In this paper ice load for the Korean icebreaking research vessel, ARAON, under normal operating condition, is discussed. Published ice load data from full-scale sea trials of six icebreakers were analysed to derive an empirical ice load prediction formula. The IBRV ARAON had sea ice trials during 2010 and 2012 summer season. Strain gauge signal were recorded during her icebreaking voyage and the measured strain data were converted to the equivalent hull stress values. The effect of ARAON's speed in ice and the hull stresses are investigated. By comparing the empirical formula and ice load calculation based von measured data, it is recommended to use the empirical ice load estimation formula for the initial design stage.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

To correctly estimate ice load and ice resistance for a ship's hull, it is essential to understand the material properties of sea ice during ice field trials and to use the proper experimental procedure for gathering ice strength data. The first Korean-made icebreaking research vessel (IBRV), ARAON, had her second sea ice trial in the Arctic Ocean during July and August of 2010. This paper describes the test procedures used to properly obtain sea ice strength data, which provides the basic information on the ship's performance in an ice-covered sea and can be used to estimate the correct ice load and ice resistance on the IBRV ARAON. The data gathered from three sea ice field trials during the Arctic voyage of the ARAON includes the ice compressive strength, flexural strength, and failure strain of sea ice. This paper analyzes the gathered sea ice data in comparison with data from the first voyage of the ARAON during her Antarctic Sea ice trial in January 2010.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.254-258
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• 2014

Field trial in ice-covered sea is one of the most important tasks in the design of icebreaking ships. To correctly estimate ice load and ice resistance on ship's hull, It is essential to understand the material properties of sea ice during ice field trials and to perform the proper experimental procedure by gathering sea ice data. A measurement of sea ice properties was conducted during February and March of 2012 with the Korean Icebreaking research vessel "ARAON" in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. This paper describes a test procedure to obtain sea ice data which provide basic information to estimate ice loads and icebreaking performance of the ship. The data gathered from sea ice field trials during the 2012 Antarctic voyage of the ARAON includes ice temperature/salinity/density and the compressive/flexural strength of sea ice. This paper analyses the gathered Antarctic sea ice material properties comparing with the previous data obtained during ARAON's Arctic and Antarctic voyages in 2010.