• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2013

The hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system was introduced to the Korean livestock slaughter and product processing business in 1997. Ice cream manufacturers focus on the sterilization process in order to reduce microorganism, so the HACCP-accredited ice cream manufacturers particularly set the sterilization process as critical control point (CCP). Therefore, the microbiological test results on the finished products can be considered as one of the indicators which show the level of microbiological control in the ice cream manufacturers. Accordingly, this study was carried out to examine if there is a meaningful difference in terms of the microbiological control level between the HACCP-accredited and non-accredited ice cream manufacturer groups by comparing aerobic plate count (APC) of ice creams. The mean of APC was 1.68 Log CFU/g in the HACCP-accredited ice cream manufacturer group and 2.59 Log CFU/g in the non-accredited ones respectively and there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The test results suggest that the level of microbiological control in the HACCP-accredited ice cream manufactures is much higher than that of non-accredited ones.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2007

This study focused on the attribution factors affecting customers' satisfaction and revisit behaviors related to ice cream stores. For this study, 180 ice cream consumers who were patrons of ice cream franchise stores were randomly selected. Among them, 31 did not completed the survey. Therefore, a total of 149 survey questionnaires were analyzed for the results. All results were carried out using the frequency, factor analysis, cross tabs, and regression procedure of the SPSS 10.0 package. The results indicated that customers who visit ice cream stores $2{\sim}3$ times per month have a preference for a particular ice cream store. Determinant factors for ice cream specialty stores were summarized as the extensiveness of the menu, advertisements and familiarity, economical benefits, convenience inside the store, location and accessibility, and kindness. Among these, four factors (extensiveness of menu, advertisement and reputation, economical benefits, location and accessibility) significantly affected the level of customer satisfaction.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2018

냉동기는 얼음을 만드는 기계이다. 이를 제조 및 판매하는 회사는 대부분 중소기업으로, 판매 후 사후 관리에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 사후관리의 어려움은 대부분 구매처의 불필요한 고객 서비스 요청에 기인하며, 이 요청은 결국 판매처와 구매처의 불필요한 비용 지출로 이어진다. 하지만 재정적으로 열악한 냉동기 제조 기업은 이 비용을 최대한 줄이고자 한다. 뿐만 아니라, 국외에 냉동기를 판매하고 싶어도 사후 관리 때문에 주저하고 있는 상황이다. 이러한 이유로 냉동기 제조업체는 직접 방문 없이 원격지에서 냉동기의 상태를 확인하고 적절한 조치를 취할 수 있는 시스템을 필요로 하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 원격지에서 냉동기의 상태를 모니터링하고 필요에 따라 제어할 수 있는 냉동기 원격 제어 및 운전 상태 모니터링 시스템을 구현하였다. 개발된 시스템을 통해, 냉동기 제조업체와 냉동기 구매업체는 냉동기의 상태를 빠르게 파악함으로써 즉각적으로 고장에 대응할 수 있다. 게다가, 판매 후 유지보수 및 관리를 효율적으로 할 수 있어 비용절감에 큰 효과가 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze current trends in the Korean ice cream industry and determine how these trends affect the competitiveness of each ice cream company. Method: This study was conducted by reviewing existing related literature and collecting and analyzing data from news articles, corporate reports, and existing researchers' studies related to the ice cream industry. Results: The Korean ice cream industry is growing and developing through the collaboration of fun marketing with taste, quality, and fun elements, and the young MZ generation can be said to be the main customer base. In terms of quality, premium ice cream made with high-quality domestic ingredients has recently been gaining popularity, and ice cream with reduced fat and sugar, such as plant-based substitutes, is also gaining popularity among consumers. Conclusions and Implications: The results of this study highlight the need for continued innovation in the Korean ice cream industry. The industry must also capitalize on the growth of online sales and the global appeal of Korean pop culture. Sustainability efforts, technology adoption, and strategic collaboration are key drivers for future industry success, and social media engagement must be integrated into marketing strategies to increase brand awareness and consumer loyalty.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2019

The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is an integral component of ship navigation equipment, that enables mariners to view Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC). Recently, it has become possible to transport freight and energy resources via the Northern Sea Routes (NSR) as global warming has been accelerating. However, ice can impact all types of ships and the potential danger that ice poses is significant. Until now, ice, consistently proven to be one of the most dangerous threats impacting navigation in ice-covered regions, has its detailed standard in the specification of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) for ECDIS. The investigations described in this paper were conducted to assess the advantages and problems of the display of ice objects on ECDIS. The experiments were conducted by using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to perform ice objects with their corresponding colors and symbols. Implementation of the standardized appearance of ice objects can enable mariners to access the ice condition of seas in a short time before navigating a safe passage through potentially treacherous waters. However, remain issues that must be overcome for data on ice to be fully compatible with an ECDIS system.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2006

In this study, design parameters of ice-transiting vessels in the world, currently in service or under construction, were collected and a database of principal particulars for each ship was established. To understand the recent design trend, ice-transiting vessels were categorized into four groups, i.e., conventional icebreakers, icebreaking tug/supply/research vessels, ice-strengthened passenger/car ferry and ice-strengthened cargo vessels. Changes in principal particulars for each group were reviewed and summarized. It was found that the most significant change in the design of ice-transiting vessels was the increment of large size commercial cargo vessels. It is believed that the recent hike of oil prices and booming of Russian economy has resulted in the need for year-round operation with bigger ships in the Baltic Sea and in the Sea of Okhotsk and also along the Northern Sea Route in Russian Arctic Sea.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2019

In this study, a database was established by analyzing the record data research produced in ice hockey sports. The deployed data verification with Ice hockey reference service was demonstrated with ice hockey officials and players. This research utilized the data stored in the KNSU Datanest data repository and developed PDF parsers for batch processing of records. Among the types of records, the game summary, team roster, team statistics, and player statistics files were collected, and tables were extracted from the records. PDF records were converted to text in CSV format which are converted to DataFrame and loaded into the database. Out of the total 22 types of records, 4 types were constructed with OO data parsed as element values. Data verification has found no problems with the quality of the data deployed, showing a high satisfaction with providing 66 factors against the 30 factors provided by the service previously used.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.892-895
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• 2006

The atmospheric effects on the retrieval of sea ice concentration from passive microwave sensors are examined using simulated data typical for the Arctic summer. The simulation includes atmospheric contributions of cloud liquid water and water vapor and surface wind on surface emissivity on the microwave signatures. A plane parallel radiative transfer model is used to compute brightness temperatures at SSM/I frequencies over surfaces that contain open water, first-year (FY) ice and multi-year (MY) ice and their combinations. Synthetic retrievals in this study use the NASA Team (NT) algorithm for the estimation of sea ice concentrations. This study shows that if the satellite sensor’s field of view is filled with only FY ice the retrieval is not much affected by the atmospheric conditions due to the high contrast between emission signals from FY ice surface and the signals from the atmosphere. Pure MY ice concentration is generally underestimated due to the low MY ice surface emissivity that results in the enhancement of emission signals from the atmospheric parameters. Simulation results in marginal ice areas also show that the atmospheric and surface effects tend to degrade the accuracy at low sea ice concentration. FY ice concentration is overestimated and MY ice concentration is underestimated in the presence of atmospheric water and surface wind at low ice concentration. In particular, our results suggest that strong surface wind is more important than atmospheric water in contributing to the retrieval errors of total ice concentrations over marginal ice zones.

• 대기
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

A parameterization for the scattering of longwave radiation by ice clouds has been developed based on spectral scattering property calculations with shapes and sizes of ice crystals. For this parameterization, the size distribution data by Fu (1996) and by Michell and Arnott (1994) are used. The shapes of ice crystal considered in this study are plate, solid column, hollow column, bullet-rosette, droxtal, aggregate, and spheroid. The properties of longwave scattering by ice crystals are presented as a function of the extinction coefficient, single-scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor. The heating rate and flux by the radiative parameterization model are calculated for wide range of ice crystal sizes, shapes, and optical thickness. The results are compared with the calculated results using a six-stream discrete ordinate scattering algorithm and Chou's method. The new method (with various habits and size distributions) provides a good simulation of the scattering properties and cooling rate in optically thin clouds (optical thickness < 5). Depending on the inclusion of scattering by ice clouds, the errors in the calculation of the cooling rates are significantly different.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.811-821
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• 2018

This study focused on the improvement of blueberry delivery service using pre-cooled ice and $SO_2$ pads to prevent an increase in the fruit temperature as well as decay. To maintain the fruit quality during low temperature storage, the effect of a $SO_2$ pad and modified atmosphere packaging was also examined. Harvested blueberries were precooled at $15^{\circ}C$, sorted, and packaged. And the fruits were placed in a similar environment as that for the parcel service. Part of the fruits were stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for long term storage. The air temperature in the delivery box increased along with an increase in the simulated delivery time regardless of the treatment. However, the rate of temperature increase was lower in the ice pad treatment. No significant difference was not found after 48 h. The oxygen concentration in the box ranged between 10.5 - 14.5% in the ice pad treatment, which was higher than that of the untreated control (7.5 - 11.9%) whereas the $CO_2$ concentration was lower in the ice pad treatment. No differences were found in the occurrence of off-flavor, decay, and sensory quality loss during the 48 hours of the parcel service simulation. The combined treatment of the $SO_2$ pad and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) using a perforated film increased the shelf-life of the blueberry fruits, the overall quality such as firmness, and the soluble solid content was not different between the treatments except for the decay incidence. No decayed fruit was found in the combined treatment. However, the percentage of decayed fruit in the control was 25% on day 15 of storage and 75% on day 33 of storage, respectively.