• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.237-240
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• 2011

Epidermoid cysts presents as a nodular and fluctuant subcutaneous lesion beneath the skin and are most common in acne-prone areas of the head, neck and back. This cyst often arises after localized inflammation of the hair follicle and occasionally after the implantation of epithelium following trauma and surgery including a biopsy procedure. It is often associated with Gardner syndrome, particularly before puberty. The lesion is normally treated by a surgical excision or enucleation, and recurrence is uncommon. A 27 year old woman complained of a swelling of the left parotid gland when she visited our clinic. A cystic lesion was found in the left parotid gland from the high signal intensity on the MR images. Ultrasonography showed that the cystic lesion was heterogeneous echogenic. Six months earlier, botulinum toxin was injected in her left masseter muscles six months earlier and progressive swelling of the left parotid area was noticed four months after treatment. The lesion was surgically removed. It was encapsulated by a thin wall and filled mainly with keratin. The final diagnosis was an epidermoid cyst.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.118-125
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• 2016

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with altered sensation and/or pain, and to determine outcome predictors affecting persistent neuropathy. Methods: Patients who complained an altered sensation or pain following trigeminal nerve trauma were involved in this study. To determine outcome predictors affecting persistent neuropathy, the patients were divided into two groups; transient vs. persistent, and the clinical phenotypes are compared between groups. Data were analyzed with t-tests, chi-square, and multiple regression analyses with 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 significance level. Results: A total of 111 patients were included: 23 with transient and 88 persistent groups. The panoramic result and pin-prick test score were statistically different between the groups. Radiating symptoms after blunt and pinprick stimuli were also significantly different between groups. The results revealed that the presence of a neurologic lesion in the panoramic view result, reduced sensation in the pinprick test, and radiation in the pinprick test could affect the persistent group. Conclusions: The presence of a neurologic lesion in panoramic view result and reduced sensation and radiating symptoms in the pin prick test would be defining features of one of the main clinical features of persistent neuropathy. These features could serve as outcome predictors diagnosing the permanent nerve injury in trigeminal nerve.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to determine the cause and prevalence of bovine abortion and stillbirth in Kyungi-do area. Seventy three bovine fetuses were collected from farms and submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Submitted fetuses were evaluated during a 4-month period (July to November, 1999) for pathological lesion, tissue protozoa, bacteria and viral infection. The average proportion of abortions was decreased with parity in 73 abortion heifers and cows. Monthly incidence rate of bovine abortion was not different in this study. In fetuses from 90 to 282 days gestation, the majority were between 150 and 250 days gestation(58%). The cause of abortion or stillbirth was determined in 51% of the cases examined. In 15(21%) of the fetus, neosporosis were diagnosed by pathological findings. In three (4%) additional fetuses in three additional fetuses, suspected Neosporosis by pathological lesion, and in 3 (4%) fetuses examined Neopsorosis were diagnosed in 15 feturses and in 3 fetuses, Neosporosis was suspected by pathological legions. Neosporosis / viral infection were diagnosed in three additional fetuses). Miscellaneous bacterial infection, BVDV, iatrogenic cause, Neosporosis / IBRV / BVDV, miscellaneous viral, IBRV/BVDV and others were 3(4%), 3(4%), 2(3%), 2(3%), 1(1%), 1(%) and 9(12%) respectively. The cause and incidence of bovine abortion in different area in Kyungi-do was not different in this study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.448-451
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• 2001

Alopecia was the main complaint in a 4 year old female Cocker spaniel dog. bilateral alopecia has been presented on skin lesion for 10 months after ovariohysterectomy about one year ago. Hyperestrogenism was diagnosed by the blood estradiol level test. Left ovarian cyst was resected in the intact ovarian position by laparotomy. Total size of the cyst was about 3 cm and it was the shape of follicular cyst. Blood estradiol level is usually higher than normal in ovarian cyst. But even though estradiol level is in normal range, dermatitis could be induced because the number of estrogen receptor of the skin would be increased or the duration of estrogen secretion would be prolonged. Because the hyperestrogenism in this case is iatrogenic, exact and proper ovariohysterectomy should be made not to induce the complications.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 1999

Odontogenic keratocyst is a central destructive lesion of the jaws characterized by a thin, fragile layer of orthokeratinizing or parakeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. Correlation between the histologic type and the recurrence ratio remains a subject of controversy, and multiple cysts are known to be associated with the nevoid basal cell syndrome. We experienced a case of multiple odontogenic keratocyst in a 25 year-old male patient involving bilateral mandible and maxilla. The cystic mass of the right maxilla was removed by Caldwell-Luc's approach and the right mandibular mass was removed by intraoral approach but the teeth that were impacted in the mandibular bone were remained in order to prevent an iatrogenic fracture.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.491-494
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• 2012

We report a rare complication of iatrogenic spinal intradural following minimally invasive extradural endoscopic procedues in the lumbo-sacral spines. To our knowledge, intradural cyst following epiduroscopy has not been reported in the literature. A 65-year-old woman with back pain related with previous lumbar disc surgery underwent endoscopic epidural neuroplasty and nerve block, but her back pain much aggravated after this procedure. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large intradural cyst from S1-2 to L2-3 displacing the nerve roots anteriorly. On T1 and T2-weighted image, the signal within the cyst had the same intensity as cerebrospinal fluid. The patient underwent partial laminectomy of L5 and intradural exploration, and fenestration of the cystic wall was accomplished. During operation, the communication between the cyst and subarachnoid space was not identified, and the content of the cyst was the same as that of cerebrospinal fluid. Postoperatively, the pain attenuated immediately. Incidental durotomy which occurred during advancing the endoscope through epidural space may be the cause of formation of the intradural cyst. Intrdural cyst should be considered, if a patient complains of new symptoms such as aggravation of back pain after epiduroscopy. Surgical treatment, simple fenestration of the cyst may lead to improved outcome. All the procedures using epiduroscopy should be performed with caution.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 2009

Purpose: Epidermoid cyst may be congenital or acquired. Acquired cysts are most commonly of traumatic origin and result from an implantation or downward displacement of an epidermal fragment. Traumatic epidermoid cysts are rare tumors occurring on the nasal tip, especially resulting aesthetic procedure. So, we report a rare case of an iatrogenic epidermoid cyst in the nasal tip following rhinoplasty. Methods: A 44 - years old man had undergone rhinoplasty for several times. First time, the previous augmentation rhinoplasty and wedge osteotomy were performed nineteen months ago, lastly implant removal and unknown filler injection were performed one year ago at another local clinic. He had induration and tenderness on nasal tip and dorsum continued for 3 months. We thought that it caused by foreign body reaction with residual alloderm in nose. For removal of residual alloplastic material, open approach using transcolumellar incision was done. But, incidentally we found cystic mass on the nasal tip. Results: The findings were of an $0.8{\times}0.5{\times}0.5cm$ sized round cystic mass containing cream coloured material with a thick cheese - like consistency. The mass was completely excised and submitted for histology. This confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium. There was no induration, tenderness and sign of recurrence after excision of the mass. Conclusion: Epidermal cyst of the nasal tip region represents an unusual clinical lesion and it presents as foreign body reaction. And then, our case demonstrates that meticulous surgical approach and suture technique are the keys to prevention against iatrogenic nasal epidermoid cyst, especially in secondary rhinoplasty.

• Acute and Critical Care
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.276-279
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• 2018

In pediatric patients, a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is usually used during minor surgeries that require general anesthesia. No esophageal injury has been reported after insertion of an LMA. We report a case of an esophageal injury with intramural dissection after an $i-gel^{(R)}$ (size, 1.5; Intersurgical Ltd.) insertion in a pediatric patient. A 2-month-old male infant was hospitalized for left inguinal herniorrhaphy. After induction of anesthesia, a trained resident tried to insert an $i-gel^{(R)}$. However, it was only successful after three attempts. Dysphagia was sustained until postoperative day 10, and the pediatrician observed duplication of the esophagus on gastroendoscopy. However, a whitish mucosal lesion, which looked like a scar, was observed, and previous lesions suggestive of esophageal duplication were almost healed on postdischarge day 11. His condition was diagnosed as dysphagia and esophagitis due to an esophageal laceration, not esophageal duplication. He was scheduled for symptomatic treatment with a proton pump inhibitor. In conclusion, although an esophageal injury or perforation in pediatric patients is rare, an LMA insertion or a procedure such as aspiration or nasogastric tube insertion should be performed gently to avoid a possible injury to the esophagus in pediatric patients.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2023

Purpose: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is indicated for patients with a large osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), accompanying subchondral cyst, and the failure of bone marrow stimulation (BMS) procedures. Despite the many reports on the clinical results of surgical treatment for medial osteochondral lesions, those of lateral lesions are rare. This paper reports the intermediate-term clinical outcomes after AOT for lateral OLTs. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with lateral OLTs were followed up for at least three years after AOT. The clinical evaluations comprised the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). The radiographic assessment included the irregularity of the articular surface (subchondral plate), the progression of degenerative arthritis, and the changes in talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation. Results: The mean FAOS and FAAM scores improved significantly from 42.1 to 89.5 and 39.5 to 90.6 points, respectively, at the final follow-up (p<0.001). The radiological evaluation revealed two cases (9.5%) of articular step-off ≥2 mm and 1 case (4.8%) of progressive arthritis. The mean talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation improved significantly. As postoperative complications, there was one case of a local wound problem, one case of superficial peroneal nerve injury, and one case of donor site morbidity. At a mean follow-up of 62.3 months, no patient showed a recurrence of instability or required reoperation for OLT. Conclusion: AOT for the lateral OLTs demonstrated satisfactory intermediate-term clinical outcomes, including daily and sports activity abilities. Most OLT could be accessed through lateral ligament division and capsulotomy, and the incidence of iatrogenic complications, such as recurrent sprains or chronic instability, was minimal. AOT appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with large lateral osteochondral lesions unresponsive to conservative therapy, with subchondral cysts, or with failed primary BMS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-141
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• 2019

The causes of vocal cord paralysis include iatrogenic injury during thyroid or cervical surgery, heart and chest surgery, and tumorous lesion such as laryngeal cancer and lung cancer. In addition to these common causes, rarely, cardiovascular disease can also cause vocal fold paralysis. A disease known as Cardiovocal syndrome, or Ortner's syndrome, causes left vocal fold paralysis when the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is compressed by the pulmonary artery and aorta, which is occurred by pulmonary hypertension from heart disease. We report for the first case in Korea the diagnosis of vocal fold paralysis caused by Ortner's syndrome.