• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

Taxonomic position of 46 Korean isolates of Rhizoctonia solani which were classified into nine intraspecific groups by anastomosis and cultural characteristics was analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. All the isolates within each group showed highly similar band patterns in RAPD. The ITS regions of the isolates within the same groups showed a high level of sequence similarity above 96.0% whereas similarities among different groups were below 94.4%. When compared with several reference strains of R. solani from foreign countries, all the Korean isolates were clustered with the foreign isolates belonging to the same groups in the phylogenetic tree. All six Korean strains of AG-4 were identified as HG-1 out of 3 subgroup of AG-4. We discussed taxonomic position of Korean isolates of R. solani and showed that sequence analysis with ITS regions could be a rapid and useful method for identification of intraspecific group of R. solani.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.154-157
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• 2006

A fungal isolate collected from infected paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) was characterized as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum based on its ability of sclerotium formation, physiological and molecular properties. When the isolate was grown on potato dextrose agar, oatmeal agar, and malt extract agar, it grew most well on PDA. Optimal temperature and pH for its growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 7, respectively. The fungal isolate produced sclerotia on PDA within 10 days, and the color and shape of the sclerotia were similar to those of S. sclerotiorum. The ITS rDNA regions including ITS1 and ITS2 and 5.8S sequences were amplified using ITS1F and ITS4 primers from the genomic DNAs of the paprika isolate and other known pathogenic S. sclerotiorum isolated from different crops in Korea, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Sequence comparison analysis showed the ITS rDNA of the paprika isolate shares 100% sequence identity with those of S. sclerotiorum isolated from red pepper, lettuce and a S. sclerotiorum isolate registered in GenBank DNA database. Neighbor joining analysis based on the ITS rDNA sequence revealed the paprika isolate has very close phylogenetic relationships with known Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates. This is the first report that S. sclerotiorum has been found associated with paprika rot in paprika growing countries.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to construct the structure of the connected Lie group G with its Lie algebra $g=rad(g){\oplus}sl(2, \mathbb{F})$, which conforms to Stellmacher's [4] Pushing Up. The main idea of this paper comes from Stellmacher's [4] Pushing Up. Stelhnacher considered Pushing Up under a finite p-group. This paper, however, considers Pushing Up under the connected Lie group G with its Lie algebra $g=rad(g){\oplus}sl(2, \mathbb{F})$. In this paper, $O_p(G)$ in [4] is Q=exp(q), where q=nilrad(g) and a Sylow p-subgroup S in [7] is S=exp(s), where $s=q{\oplus}\{\(\array{0&*\\0&0}\){\mid}*{\in}\mathbb{F}\}$. Showing the properties of the connected Lie group and the subgroups of the connected Lie group with relations between a connected Lie group and its Lie algebras under the exponential map, this paper constructs the subgroup series C_z(G)

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.362-375
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• 2004

An ad hoc network is a multi-hop wireless network. Its limited bandwidth and frequently changing topology require that its protocol should be robust, simple, and energy conserving. We have proposed PoolODMRP to reduce its control overhead greatly by its one-hop local route maintenance. However, PoolODMRP still has some shortcomings. In this paper, we propose PDAODMRP (passive data acknowledgement ODMRP) to extend PoolODMRP. Compared with PoolODMRP, PDAODMRP has the following contributions: (1) It knows the status of its downstream forwarding nodes by route information collected from data packets instead of BEACON signal of MAC layer; (2) it max simplifies the route information collected from data packets by pool nodes; (3) it adopts a dynamic local route maintenance to enforce its local route maintenance; (4) it adopts the route evaluation policy of NSMP (neighbor supporting multicast protocol). Compared with PoolODMRP, PDAODMRP has lower control overhead, lower data delivery delay, and lower data overhead.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.202-210
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• 2009

In this paper, we have analyzed the effect of interference between ultra-wideband(UWB) and intelligent transport systems(ITS). The maximum possible UWB emission power and minimum possible distance between UWB devices and ITS are found. In order to analyze the interference, we employ the Monte-Carlo(MC) method. We consider six situations, which are indoor office line-of-sight(LOS), indoor office non-line-of-sight(NLOS), indoor residential LOS, indoor residential NLOS, outdoor rural LOS, and outdoor rural NLOS environments. From the simulation results, it is confirmed that coexistence between UWB and ITS devices can be realized in accordance with the emission mask of 19.3 dB for indoor application or 19.3 dB for an image system. And in the outdoors, coexistence between UWB and ITS devices can be realized if the emission mask is at least 1.6 dB for vehicles' radar systems.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 1998

Trans-4-(9-anthrylethenyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine(t-aemb) and its bipyridyl Ru complex $[Ru(bpy)_2(t-aemb)](PF_6)_2$ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) 1 have been prepared and their excited state properties have been studied. t-Aemb exhibits solvent-dependent fluorescence and efficient trans→cis photoisomerization. 1 shows very weak fluorescence and its photochemically reactive. Fluorescence is wavelength-dependent. While the excitation into the MLCT band makes the complex fluorescent, direct absorption by the t-aemb ligand leads to the photoreaction of t-aemb ligand and no fluorescence is observed. 1 is considered to behave in part as bichromophoric molecule in which $[Ru(bpy)_3](PF_6)_2$ and anthryl group are covalently linked by ethenyl linkage. Because anthryl moiety is not effectively conjugated with bipyridylethenyl moiety due to steric hindrance, weak fluorescence can be explained due to the efficient energy or electron transfer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.17-20
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• 2001

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), one of the most successful conducting polymers in the market place, has been attracting much interest because of its excellent environmental stability, high conductivity and transparency in thin, oxidized state. Since PEDOT was first synthesized in early 1990s by Jonas et al., many studies on PEDOT have been done to solve its insoluble property in any organic solvents and to extend its application fields[1]. (omitted)

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4D
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• pp.459-465
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• 2009

u-T (ubiquitous transportation) environment can be envisioned as an advanced version of ITS environment and be expected to provide more advanced transportation service in a ubiquitous manner. As a basic necessity to measure traffic flow in both environments, a flow estimation method was proposed. Flows have been measured in existing ITS and in a new u-T environments and some differences were investigated using simulation technique. In the interrupted traffic situation, the flow rate of u-T is 3.58% higher than that in ITS environment. Both MARE and MAE, which were used as measure of effectiveness, in u-T were better since the results are 31.4% and 31.1% lower than in ITS, respectively. Besides the equality coefficient in u-T was 1.9% higher than that in ITS. Such being the case, the flow rate measured in u-T using U-TSN is more reliable and can be expected to be successfully used for transportation system design or traffic operation areas.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1182-1186
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• 2010

A novel poly(safranine)-modified electrode has been constructed for the determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in natural water sample. The electrochemical behavior of poly(safranine) film electrode and its electrocatalytic activity toward 4-NP were studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and adsorptive linear stripping voltammetry (LSV). All experimental parameters were optimized and LSV was proposed for its determination. In optimal working conditions, the reduction current of 4-NP at this poly(safranine)-modified electrode exhibited a good linear relationship with 4-NP concentration in the range of $8.0{\times}10^{-8}$ to $4.0{\times}10^{-5}mol\;L^{-1}$. The detection limit was $3.0{\times}10^{-8}mol\;L^{-1}$. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor were demonstrated by its practical application for the determination of trace amounts of 4-NP in natural water and fruit samples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1489-1496
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• 2009

This study was done for the determination and excretion profile of adrenosterone and its metabolites in human urine using both liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Adrenosterone and its two metabolites were detected in human urine after administration a healthy volunteer with 75 mg of adrenosterone. We found that adrenosterone-M1 ($C_{19}H_{26}O_3$) was a reduction and adrenosterone-M2 ($C_{19}H_{26}O_4$) was a hydroxylation at C-ring, which did not know the exact position of the C-ring. The adrenosterone parent was detected by GC/TOF-MS, but not detected by LC/APCI/MS because of low intensity. Adrenosterone and its two metabolites were excreted as their glucuronided fractions. The recovery of this method ranged from 100.7 to 118.4% and the reproducibility and accuracy test were 85.5 to 112.0% and 1.1 to 8.4%, respectively. The excretion studies showed that adrenosterone and its metabolites were detectable in human urine during a 48 h period after oral administration, with maximum level of excretion at 4.1 h. The glucuro-/sulfaconjugated ratio of adrenosterone, M1 and M2 was 0.73 ${\pm}$ 0.03, 0.96 ${\pm}$ 0.06 and 0.89 ${\pm}$ 0.03 (n = 6), respectively. The amounts of adrenosterone excreted in urine were 14.75 ng for 48 h. Also, the maximum level of androsterone and 11$\beta$-hydroxy androsterone, which were endogenous steroids, were reached 4.1 h after the oral administration of adrenosterone.