• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.37-37
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• 2018

The genus Crepidiastrum (Asteraceae), containing ca. 20 species, is mainly distributed in Asia. Crepidiastrum denticulatum, an edible plant that commonly call "e-go-deulppae-gi" in Korean, distributes in Korea, Japan, and China. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of C. denticulatum was characterized from MiSeq2000 (Illumina Co.) pair-end sequencing data. The cp genome of C. denticulatum has a total sequence length of 152,689 bp and show a typical quadripartite structure. It consists of the large single copy (LSC: 84,022 bp), small single copy (SSC: 18,519 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs: 25,074 bp) and contains 110 unique genes and 18 genes duplicated in the IR regions. Our comparative analysis identified three cpDNA regions (matK, rbcL, and psbA-trnH) from three Crepidiastrum species, which may be useful for molecular identification of each species, and providing a guideline for its clear confirming about dried medical herb.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.113.1-113
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• 2003

A potexvirus, Hosta virus X (HVX-Kr), causing mosaic and mottle symptoms was isolated from hosta plants (Hosta spp.), and its entire genome RNA sequence was determined. in Korea using cDNA library and RACE methods. The genome of HVX encodes five open reading frames coding for viral replicase, triple gene block (TGB), and viral coat protein (CP) from the 5'to 3' ends, which is a typical genome structure of potexviruses. The 3-terminal region of the virus includes the TGBI (26 kDa), TGB2 (13 kDa), TGB3 (8 kDa), and 23 kDa coat protein (CP) and the 3-nontranslated region (NTR). The CP gene of the type isolate of HVX (HVX-U) was amplified by RT-PCR and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The CPs of HVX-Kr and HVX-U had 100％ and 98.9％ identical amino acids and nucleotides, respectively. Most of the regions of the genome HVX had over 50％ nucleotide identical to other sequenced potexviruses. This is the first report of complete genome sequence information of HVX and molecular evidence supporting the virus as a distinct species of the genus Potexvirus.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.385-394
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• 2020

To elucidate the molecular phylogeny of Neottia japonica, which is a terrestrial orchid distributed in East Asia, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA and the matK of chloroplast DNA were used. A total 22 species of 69 accessions for ITS and 21 species of 114 accessions for matK phylogeny were analyzed with the maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. In addition, we sought to establish a correlation between the distribution, morphology of the auricles and genetic association of N. japonica with phylogenetic data. The phylogenetic results suggest that N. japonica is monophyletic and a sister to N. suzukii in terms of the ITS phylogeny, while it is paraphyletic with N. suzukii in terms of the matK phylogeny. N. japonica and N. suzukii show similar morphologies of the lip and column, they both flower in April, and they are both distributed sympatrically in Taiwan. Therefore, it appears to be clear that N. japonica and N. suzukii are close taxa within Neottia, although there is incongruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies of N. japonica. The incongruence between the two datasets may have various causes, meaning that further studies are needed to confirm the evolutionary process of N. japonica. The phylogenetic status of N. kiusiana, which was not included in previous studies, was as a sister to N. nidus-avis. Meanwhile, the ITS and matK phylogenies are unsuitable for identifying genetic associations with the characteristic of auricles. The phylogenetic topologies of Korean, Taiwanese and mainland Chinese individuals suggest that the populations of N. japonica in Korea originated from China's mainland and island areas. The characterization of regional gene differences could provide useful preliminary data for future studies.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2015

붓꽃속(Genus Iris)의 금붓꽃계열(Series Chinensis)은 극동아시아에 국한되어 분포하고 있으며 한국에는 총 6분류군이 자생하고 있다. 이는 크게 두 개의 주요 그룹 (각시붓꽃 complex와 금붓꽃 complex)으로 나뉜다. 본 연구에서는 팔공산에서 발견된 잡종추정개체들의 실체와 붓꽃속 금붓꽃계열 분류군간의 계통학적 유연관계를 규명하기 위해 핵 rDNA ITS와 엽록체 matK 유전자의 염기서열을 확보하여 분석하였다. 총 55개체로부터 얻은 106 개 ITS amplicon의 염기서열 및 군외군의 염기서열을 분석한 결과, 금붓꽃계열의 노랑무늬붓꽃, 노랑붓꽃, 금붓꽃 및 잡종추정군은 군외군과 구분되어 유집되었으나, 군내군 사이에서는 높은 다형성 염기서열이 관측되었다. ITS 계통수에서 잡종추정군의 일부는 노랑무늬붓꽃과 하나의 분계조를 나타내었고, 나머지 잡종추정군의 경우는 금붓꽃+노랑붓꽃과 분계조를 형성하였다. 한편 cpDNA의 경우 matK를 제외한 나머지 마커는 금붓꽃과 노랑붓꽃의 차이를 보여주지 못하였다. matK의 NJ 계통수에서 잡종추정군이 금붓꽃과 높은 Bootstrap 값으로 하나의 분계조를 형성하였으며, 염기서열이 일치하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 팔공산에서 발견된 잡종추정군의 모계는 금붓꽃이고 부계는 노랑무늬붓꽃이라는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.847-857
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• 2022

Objective: The effects of maternal undernutrition during midgestation on muscle fiber histology, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, methylation modification of myogenic factors, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles of prenatal and postnatal goats were examined. Methods: Twenty-four pregnant goats were assigned to a control (100% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) or a restricted group (60% of the nutrients requirement, n = 12) between 45 and 100 days of gestation. Descendants were harvested at day 100 of gestation and at day 90 after birth to collect the femoris muscle tissue. Results: Maternal undernutrition increased (p<0.05) the fiber area of the vastus muscle in the fetuses and enhanced (p<0.01) the proportions of MyHCI and MyHCIIA fibers in offspring, while the proportion of MyHCIIX fibers was decreased (p<0.01). DNA methylation at the +530 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) site of the myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) promoter in restricted fetuses was increased (p<0.05), but the methylation of the MYF5 gene at the +274,280 CpG site and of the myogenic differentiation (MYOD) gene at the +252 CpG site in restricted kids was reduced (p<0.05). mTOR protein signals were down-regulated (p<0.05) in the restricted offspring. Conclusion: Maternal undernutrition altered the muscle fiber type in offspring, but its relationship with methylation in the promoter regions of myogenic genes needs to be elucidated.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2006

Dlx5 and Osx are master regulatory proteins essential for initiating the cascade leading to osteoblast differentiation in mammals, but the mechanism of osteoblast-specific expression is not fully understood. DNA methylation at CpG sequences is involved in tissue and cell type-specific gene expression. We investigated the methylation status of Dlx5 and Osx in osteogenic and nonosteogenic cell lines by methylationspecific PCR (MSP). The CpG dinucleotides of the Dlx5 and Osx promoter regions were unmethylated in osteogenic cell lines transcribing these genes but methylated in nonosteogenic cell lines. Treatment of C2C12 cells with 5-AzadC induced dose- and timedependent expression of Dlx5 and Osx mRNA by demethylating the corresponding promoters. Furthermore the mRNAs for the osteoblast markers ALP and OC, which were undetectable in untreated cells, gradually increased after 5-AzadC treatment. In addition, BMP-2 stimulation induced Dlx5 expression by hypomethylating its promoter. These findings suggest that DNA methylation plays an important role in cell type-specific expression of Dlx5 and Osx.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2000

The p16 protein is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that inhibits cell cycle progression from $G_1$ phase to S phase in cell cycle. Many p16 gene mutations have been noted in many cancer-cell lines and in some primary cancers, and alterations of p16 gene function by DNA methylation have been noticed in various kinds of cancer tissues and cell-lines. There have been a large body of literature has accumulated indicating that abnormal patterns of DNA methylation (both hypomethylation and hypermethylation) occur in a wide variety of human neoplasma and that these aberrations of DNA methylation may play an important epigenetic role in the development and progression of neoplasia. DNA methylation is a part of the inheritable epigenetic system that influences expression or silencing of genes necessary for normal differentiation and proliferation. Gene activity may be silenced by methylation of up steream regulatory regions. Reactivation is associated with demethylation. Although evidence or a high incidence of p16 alterations in a variety of cell lines and primary tumors has been reported, that has been contested by other investigators. The precise mechanisms by which abnormal methylation might contribute to carcinogenesis are still not fully elucidated, but conceivably could involve the modulation of oncogene and other important regulatory gene expression, in addition to creating areas of genetic instability, thus predisposing to mutational events causing neoplasia. There have been many variable results of studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). This investigation was studied on 13 primary HNSCC for p16 gene status by protein expression in immunohistochemistry, and DNA genetic/epigenetic analyzed to determine the incidence, the mechanisms, and the potential biological significance of its Inactivation. As methylation detection method of p16 gene, the methylation specific PCR(MSP) is sensitive and specific for methylation of any block of CpG sites in a CpG islands using bisulfite-modified DNA. The genomic DNA is modified by treatment with sodium bisulfate, which converts all unmethylated cytosines to uracil(thymidine). The primers designed for MSP were chosen for regions containing frequent cytosines (to distinguish unmodified from modified DNA), and CpG pairs near the 5' end of the primers (to provide maximal discrimination in the PCR between methylated and unmethylated DNA). The two strands of DNA are no longer complementary after bisulfite treatment, primers can be designed for either modified strand. In this study, 13 paraffin embedded block tissues were used, so the fragment of DNA to be amplified was intentionally small, to allow the assessment of methylation pattern in a limited region and to facilitate the application of this technique to samlples. In this 13 primary HNSCC tissues, there was no methylation of p16 promoter gene (detected by MSP and automatic sequencing). The p16 protein-specific immunohistochemical staining was performed on 13 paraffin embedded primary HNSCC tissue samples. Twelve cases among the 13 showed altered expression of p16 proteins (negative expression). In this study, The author suggested that low expression of p16 protein may play an important role in human HNSCC, and this study suggested that many kinds of genetic mechanisms including DNA methylation may play the role in carcinogenesis.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2014

Tissue-specific gene expression is regulated by epigenetic modification involving trans-acting factors. Here, we identified that the human MAGEB16 gene and its mouse homolog, Mageb16, are only expressed in the testis. To investigate the mechanism governing their expression, the promoter methylation status of these genes was examined in different samples. Two CpG islands (CGIs) in the 5' upstream region of MAGEB16 were highly demethylated in human testes, whereas they were methylated in cells without MAGEB16 expression. Similarly, the CGI in Mageb16 was hypomethylated in mouse testes but hypermethylated in other tissues and cells without Mageb16 expression. Additionally, the expression of these genes could be activated by treatment with the demethylation agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5'-aza-CdR). Luciferase assays revealed that both gene promoter activities were inhibited by methylation of the CGI regions. Therefore, we propose that the testis-specific expression of MAGEB16 and Mageb16 is regulated by the methylation status of their promoter regions.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Mankyua chejuense is the only member of the monotypic genus Mankyua (Ophioglossaceae) and is endemic to Jejudo Island, Korea. To determine the precise phylogenetic position of M. chejuense, two cpDNA regions of 42 accessions representing major members of lycophytes are obtained from GenBank and analyzed using three phylogenetic analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference). In addition, the divergence time is estimated based on a relaxed molecular clock using four fossil calibration points. The phylogenetic position of Mankyua still appears to be uncertain, representing either the earliest diverged lineage within Ophioglossaceae or a sister to the clade containing Ophioglossum and Helminthostachys. The most recent common ancestor of Ophioglossaceae and its sister lineage, Psilotum, was estimated to be 256 Ma, while the earliest divergence of Mankyua was estimated to be 195 Ma in the early Jurassic.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2020

Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim. (Series Nepalensia), which had been known to be restricted to Japan, was newly discovered from Mt. Cheongtae in Yeonggwang-gun, Jeollanam-do, located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Species identification was confirmed using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data, while comparing with materials obtained from Japan and herbarium specimens. Chrysosplenium grayanum is clearly distinguished from the remaining taxa of the genus Chrysosplenium by having glabrous plant body, opposite leaves, cylindrical papillae with roundish head at the tip on the smooth seed surface, and four stamens. Molecular sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, chloroplast rbcL and matK genes strongly supported that this previously unknown Chrysosplenium species from Korea is C. grayanum. Taking the molecular and the morphological evidence into consideration, it is clear that newly discovered Chrysosplenium population in Korea is conspecific with the widely distributed C. grayanum in Japan. In this paper, we provide a description, illustration, and photo images of Chrysosplenium grayanum from Korea and also a key to the Chrysosplenium species in Korea.