• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.203-223
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• 2024

This study aims to reflect on how the experiences in the interrelationship between parents and children affect the formation of God's image and how it affects the formation of healthy Christian identity. We will explore the implications of this research on education for the formation of healthy Christian identity for children. Based on the theories of God's image by Erickson, Freud, and Rizzuto, we examine in-depth how the parental image that children acquire in their relationship with their parents is related to the image of God, which is the basis of their lives. Parents are like caregivers, guardians, and absolute beings that enable their children's survival and safety from their birth. The parental image that a child has through interaction with their parents has a close relationship with the image of God. Amid the existential limitations and restrictions faced by children and parents, negative experiences such as oppression, punishment, and anger that children receive from their parents leave various psychological wounds inside the child. What is important here is that the summation of negative experiences inflicted on the child should not exceed the appropriate level that the child can endure. In addition, children should be guided to feel the following in their relationship with their parents. Children need to be nurtured to feel basic trust from their parents. If these important premise is not observed, the distorted parental image will lead to distorted God's image. Unreliable or violent images of parents will pose a serious threat to the formation of constructive faith or healthy Christian identity. Based on this premise, this study claims a substantial shift from oppressive, authoritarian, and one-directional ways of education to those of mutual, liberational, postconventional education. Finally, this study closes its inquiry by providing constructive direction and alternatives for the development of healthy Christian identity for Children.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.49
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• pp.93-125
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• 2024

The article takes a critical perspective that reunderstanding the canon of Daesoon Thought is necessary to expand its application to the needs of modern society given the rapid speed of societal changes. The key point is the emergence of a cultural ecologism within Daesoon Thought. What is called the cultural ecologism is focused upon the sustainable horizon of unifying culture and ecology in the organic structure of a total-life culture. A reciprocal unity of culture and ecology is characteristic of a coherent whole with an original unitary process in the circle of Nature. Cultural ecologism, therefore, aims at seeking after the sustainability of culture wherein the value of culture is integrated in the grand stream of the ecological spirit of Nature. In the Late Joseon Dynasty, Daesoon Thought paid attention to the Great Opening (開闢) to secure the people's livelihoods and it offered edification concerning anti-feudalism in a dimension of realistic awareness which guided people's lives. The process of the Great Opening functions as a process for the world of the Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth (天地公事) which culminate in the experience the Earthly Paradise (地上仙境) of the Later World (後天). In the cultural ecologism of Daesoon Thought, this course is equivalent to a process of Haewon (grievance-resolution) in the sense of dissolution and reconciliation. From the wide umbrella of cultural ecologism, consequently, it is possible to say that Daesoon Thought can arrive at the reality of the Earthly Paradise (地上仙境) through the Great Opening of the Later World, in which human beings can enjoy the infinite vitality of the universe from within their own finite vitality.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.49
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• pp.187-227
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• 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine the prospects of the religious cultural experience program of Daesoon Jinrihoe by referring to the current status of Korea's Buddhist temple stays, which began with the 2002 World Cup and have become a regular program for the general public with the establishment of the Cultural Corps of Korean Buddhism in 2004. The motivation for Korean participation is mainly rest, while foreigners tend to be more interested in Korean traditional culture. During the experience, the perceived value felt by the participants led to satisfaction and an intention to revisit. Temple stays have contributed to the globalization of Korean Buddhism. The temple stay of Daesoon Jinrihoe is a religious cultural experience program for the public. If it became a regular program, the target could be expanded to include foreigners who wish to experience Korean culture. The activities such as wearing Hanbok, taking a Dojang Tour, praying, and dialogue over tea can be allocated to the program. As a result, the perceived value by participants could be taken as a cognitive value. For instance, they could learn about Sangje's Reordering of the Universe that transformed the order of Sanggeuk (Mutual Contention) into the order of Sangsaeng (Mutual Beneficence). They way that they live their lives could change as a result of these new understandings. The emotional value of the experience would come from experiencing traditional Korean religious culture. The prospect of implementing such a program is twofold: firstly, there are the tasks of proper preparation, and secondly, there are the positive effects. The tasks would first involve creating a systematic and organized center point. Next there would be the matter of preparing spaces for the temple stay, and lastly, an online platform for advertisement, recruitment, and application would also be greatly beneficial. This is a vision that could contribute to the improving public image of the order, its globalization, and to the overall improvement of the facilities and management that would produce a more socially friendly environment.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.49
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• pp.401-432
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• 2024

This article examines the types of "wind (바람)" accepted in sijo (three-verse poems), focusing on the accepted pattern, and investigating its role and meaning. The summary is as follows: first of all, the works of "wind" were accepted in the sijo, and the total number of works was 620. There were 459 short sijo, and 161 long sijo. On the other hand, 148 authors wrote on "The Wind," and in the Late Joseon Dynasty, 90 authors composed 265 poems, the most. In the Early Joseon Dynasty, 50 poets composed 111 poems. Most of them were civil officials, and 170 poems were identified. Next, the aspect of jang (章) was confirmed to occur 684 times in total, with 632 instances of being single uses and 52 instances of duplication. Meanwhile, the core of the sijo, the first sentence of the last chapter, contains 'wind (바람)' 34 times in 25 words. And in terms of the aspect of the particle combined with 'wind,' the nominative particle appeared the most at 113 instances, and the auxiliary particle 'eun/neun (은/는)' was the most numerous at 58 instances. As for the types of wind contained in sijo, there are 6 major categories: 106 medium categories, with the total frequency is 688. 'Singular' appears 133 times in 6 words, and 'combination' appears 121 times in terms of total frequency. The combination with terrestrial objects was the most frequent at 79 times, and the combination with 'heavenly' objects was 75 times with 3 words, and 'mixture' indicated a mixture of several objects, with 7 words occurring 42 times. Second the literary acceptance and role of 'wind' in Sijo was examined. First, 'acceptance' and the role as a medium for conveying ideas, acceptance and the role as the development of ideas, and acceptance and role of literary expression. Through this, it can be seen that 'wind' in Sijo was accepted in literature and played a major role. Lastly, the role and meaning of wind in Sijo can be seen in the fact that it remains differentiated from other form of ancient literature or other genres. It serves as a literary device that effectively expresses the theme, and the scope of the material accepted in Sijo was expanded through wind.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.558-566
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• 2024

The potential therapeutic effects of Kaempferia Parviflora ethanol extract (KPE) on osteoarthritis were investigated using the human chondrocyte cell line (CHON-001) to explore its application in functional foods. The CHON-001 cells were pre-treated with either 1 ㎍/ml or 5 ㎍/ml of KPE before exposure to 10 ng/ml of IL-1β to induce osteoarthritis. Results showed that KPE treatment significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced TNF-α production by 66% and 50% at concentrations of 1 ㎍/ml and 5 ㎍/ml KPE, respectively. In addition, COX-2 protein expression was reduced by 26% and 34% compared to control levels. The preservation of chondrocyte-specific matrix proteins, aggrecan, and collagen type II, was notable, with aggrecan and mRNA levels maintained by 5% and 8%, and collagen II levels preserved by 62% and 47% at the same KPE concentrations. This preservation is likely due to the reduced expression of MMP1 and MMP13, enzymes responsible for matrix protein degradation. Overall, the current results suggest that KPE may protect chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis by suppressing TNF-α production and COX-2 expression while preserving critical matrix proteins like aggrecan and collagen II by suppressing the expressions of their degrading enzymes (MMP-1 and MMP-13). Therefore, KPE holds promise as a candidate for developing functional foods aimed at reducing osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.567-575
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• 2024

New breeding techniques (NBT) recognize specific DNA sequences and remove, modify, or insert DNA at a desired location, and can be used to treat genetic diseases in humans or to improve the traits of livestock or crops. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of various agricultural traits and assessed the safety of gene transferability in third-generation genome-editing rice (OsCKq1-G₃) with T and G nucleotide insertions developed using the CRISPR/Cas9 SDN-1 method, in comparison to its parental line (Oryza sativa L., cv Ilmi). The analyzed traits included heading date, culm length, panicle length, tiller number, yield, germination rate, viviparous germination rate, shattering, after wintering seed viability, the presence of toxins and allergens. The target trait, heading date, exhibited a high significant difference of approximately 5 days. Culm length, panicle length, tiller number, yield showed no significant differences compared to the parental line. No T-DNA bands indicating gene transfer were detected. In the third generation of genome-edited rice, the T-DNA was confirmed to be eliminated as successive generations advanced through self-pollination. Through the analysis of germination rate, viviparous germination rate, shattering, and after wintering viability, we confirmed that the genome-editing rice has no potential for weediness. The ORF and amino acid sequences of the genome-editing rice did not reveal any toxins and allergens. The results of this study can be utilized as important data for the environmental risk assessment of genome-editing rice.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2023

Native plants are unique genetic resources that have the potential to be used as ornamental, medical, and food resources. Allium koreanum H.J. Choi & B.U. Oh is one of the native plants distributed in the coastal rocky land of Korea, which has high conservation value due to climate change and reduction of its habitat. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature and hydrogen peroxide on the germination of A. koreanum. The seeds were prepared as untreated (control) or those treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide for 90 minutes (H₂O₂), and the treatments were placed in plant growth chambers set at 15, 20, and 25℃. Regardless of the H₂O₂ treatment, the germination percentage at 15℃, which was 42%, was more than two times higher than that at 20℃ and 25℃, which were 18% and 0%, respectively, 23 days after sowing. The number of days to attain 50% of the final germination percentage (T₅₀) was the shortest at 20℃, but the mean daily germination (MDG) was the highest at 15℃. Therefore, 1% of H₂O₂ treatment did not have a significant effect on the germination percentage of A. koreanum, and a temperature of 15℃ was considered to be optimum to increase the germination percentage of A. koreanum. The results of this study can be used as basic research data for the germination of A. koreanum.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.501-512
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• 2023

This study aimed to assess and determine the optimal model for predicting the full bloom date of 'Fuji' apples across South Korea. We evaluated the performance of four distinct models: the Development Rate Model (DVR)1, DVR2, the Chill Days (CD) model, and a sequentially integrated approach that combined the Dynamic model (DM) and the Growing Degree Hours (GDH) model. The full bloom dates and air temperatures were collected over a three-year period from six orchards located in the major apple production regions of South Korea: Pocheon, Hwaseong, Geochang, Cheongsong, Gunwi, and Chungju. Among these models, the one that combined DM for calculating chilling accumulation and the GDH model for estimating heat accumulation in sequence demonstrated the most accurate predictive performance, in contrast to the CD model that exhibited the lowest predictive precision. Furthermore, the DVR1 model exhibited an underestimation error at orchard located in Hwaseong. It projected a faster progression of the full bloom dates than the actual observations. This area is characterized by minimal diurnal temperature ranges, where the daily minimum temperature is high and the daily maximum temperature is relatively low. Therefore, to achieve a comprehensive prediction of the blooming date of 'Fuji' apples across South Korea, it is recommended to integrate a DM model for calculating the necessary chilling accumulation to break dormancy with a GDH model for estimating the requisite heat accumulation for flowering after dormancy release. This results in a combined DM+GDH model recognized as the most effective approach. However, further data collection and evaluation from different regions are needed to further refine its accuracy and applicability.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2024

Among the various environmental conditions necessary for growing crops, light is closely related to the anthesis. This study aimed to determine the optimal photoperiod affecting floral differentiation in an edible flower, marigold, to efficiently cultivate the crops in a closed-type plant factory. The experiment was conducted with photoperiods of 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours. French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) 'Durango Red' seeds were sown in polyurethane sponges, and the photoperiod treatments were applied immediately. The extent of floral differentiation was examined at 2-3 day intervals, defined as the visible appearance of flower buds at least 2 mm in size. The growth parameters such as shoot fresh weight and dry weight, height, and leaf area were measured. The optimal photoperiod was determined based on the days when the floral differentiation had occurred in 50% of the total plants. In the 4-hour treatment, proper growth and flower buds did not appear. From the 8-hour treatment, the plant grew normally, and floral differentiation occurred, however, the 8-hour treatment showed the slowest floral differentiation compared to the 12 hours treatments or more. The 12- and 16-hour treatments didn't show significant differences in floral differentiation. While the 16-hour treatment exhibited the highest results in all growth parameters, it was not significantly different from the 12-hour treatment except for shoot dry weight and leaf area. According to the results, 8 hours of photoperiod induced floral differentiation. However, more time was required for flower bud formation, and plant growth was significantly lower compared to photoperiods of 12 hours or more. Considering the energy consumption and its growth, the optimal photoperiod for marigold was 12 hours.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2024

In Korea, mackerel is the most preferred red fish commodity and has been increasingly consumed in chillstored fresh state rather than in frozen or salted fish. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology as a replacement of air with low O₂ and high CO₂ concentration gas was applied in this study to preserve its freshness. Four MAP conditions of CO₂(60):O₂(30):N₂(10), CO₂(60):O₂(5):N₂(35), CO₂(60):O₂(0):N₂(40), and CO₂(30):O₂(0):N₂(70) were compared in quality preservation effect with air package used as Control. Three hundred grams mackerel fillets packaged in gas barrier tray were stored for duration of 10 days at 5℃. Quality was assessed in total aerobic bacterial count, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), peroxide value (POV), texture, and surface color. High CO₂ concentration MAPs (CO₂(60):O₂(30):N₂(10), CO₂(60):O₂(5):N₂(35), and CO₂(60):O₂(0): N₂(40)) inhibited total aerobic bacteria growth in the fish fillets. MAPs of high CO₂ concentration with O₂ containment (CO₂(60):O₂(30):N₂(10) and CO₂(60):O₂(5):N₂(35)) showed a low TVB-N content through the storage. The treatments containing O₂ above 20% (Control and CO₂(60):O₂(30):N₂(10)) showed more accelerated increases in TBARS and POV than other treatments. The visual appearance was better for fillets in the packages of CO₂(60):O₂(5):N₂(35), CO₂(60):O₂(0):N₂(40), and CO₂(30):O₂(0):N₂(70) than for those of other treatments. The MAPs of CO₂(60):O₂(5):N₂(35) and CO₂(60):O₂(0):N₂(40) are expected to be effective in keeping the freshness of mackerel fillets.