• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2010

국내 대형마트 점포 수는 2008년 기준 403개로 포화시점에 근접하고 있다. 이러한 경쟁상황에서 '점포충성도(store loyalty)'가 지속적 경쟁우위를 위한 전략적 도구로써 그 활용성이 점점 더 중요시 되고 있다. 다양한 관점에서 점포충성도를 대형마트 연구의 핵심적 과제 다루어왔으나, 통합적인 연구 접근 방법이 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 통합적 관점에서 점포충성도가 형성되는 두 가지 경로를 제안하였다. 이중경로모형은 첫째, 내재적 경로 '서비스품질$\rightarrow$고객만족$\rightarrow$점포충성도', 둘째, 외재적 경로 '점포개성$\rightarrow$점포동일시$\rightarrow$점포 충성도'로 구성된다. 조사대상은 대형마트를 이용하는 소비자들을 대상으로 진행하였으며, 구조방정식모형 분석을 통하여 제안된 이중경로모형의 적합성 및 가설검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 모형의 적합지수들은 상당히 좋은 값들을 보여주고 있다. 또한 본 연구에서 새롭게 제시된 내재적 경로인 서비스품질은 고객만족에 정의 영향을 미치고, 고객만족은 결과변수인 대형마트의 점포충성도에 매우 유의하게 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 외재적 경로에서 대형마트의 점포개성은 점포동일시에 긍정적인 영향을 주고 매개변수인 점포개성은 점포충성도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 대형마트의 점포충성도 형성에 관한 두 가지 경로를 제시함으로써, 이론적, 관리적 시사점을 도출하였고 연구의 한계점과 미래연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2002

It's not easy to renew old brand of over 50 years history to the tastes of new consumer of our time. Most of national brands that has a history of some 20 years in Korea have strove for continuation and growth of brand to no avails, which can be taken as a good example of current situation. For instance, C company, one of the National brand of US which has a history of 51 years, has made its position secure as a fashion group and based itself on a sound foundation by establishing new marketing strategy and completing successful brand renewal in the process of strategic M&A with Italian company. Those successful marketing strategies are as follows. 1) they regarded both market and consumer oriented marketing activity as company's highest priority strategy and put great emphasis upon concentration on target market and reestablishment of brand image of business casual wear. 2) Setting up and operating planning team composed of merchandizer alone in Milano, they set the direction of plan on the basis of concentrated research on potential item in market according to thorough market research done by buying office in Korea, branch office in Hong Kong and buyer in US prior to blueprint planning for season. 3) Great emphasis was placed on business which focused on intensive presentation of basic key item for apparel career women who are main consumer group in the midium-low prices market in US and on supplementation of size and color. they named this line 'collectibles' and helped their customer develop their own clothes plan without worrying about the change of color and fabric by supporting same fabric and color throughout the year and enabled them to add variation easily by supplementing new trend item. 4) Company set black as a main color that lots of apparel career women find easy to care and to express their own image and presented them with pebble which belongs to navy and beige and added fashion color such as wine and brown etc as season goes by. They constructed basic line in order for their customers to coordinate purchased item with new one or to add them to present collection, and to achieve efficient sale by setting up strategy which allows this cross coordination and changing pattern occasionally. 5) Though basic jacket for 99$, short slim skirt for 49$ are products within midium-low prices range, in the material planning stage aiming at production of item that has both resonable function appealing to consumer and is fashionable, synthetic material had to be used as a main source due to price competitiveness. Despite this situation, considering comfortable sense of fit and refined drape of silhouette that has no sign of cheap material, whole collectible line was divided into two items, which contributed to reduction of cost. In case of material that is composed of triacetate and polyester in 70 to 30 ratio, was used up to 4 million yard, which allowed drastic curtailment of cost accompanied by concentration. In case of 'collectibles' line, using Korean material mainly, C company chose to have their product sewed in Southeast Asian countries where transportation is well developed and both productivity and quality verified by operating global production system which aiming at cutdown of cost through outsourcing production from the country where labor cost is low and getting finished product. Polarization between present consumers telling us that consumers with the mind of middle classes in the past no longer exists between consumers who seek after only fine article of highest quality and wise consumers who are sensible enough to judge bubble on correlation between price and quality. To cope with this change in new consumer mind, apparel makes changing their policy so as to produce item that has reasonable quality and falls within affordable price range anywhere in the world. and they're striving to get out of difficult situation by operating global marketing strategy which stresses separation of planning, production and sale and sensibility of fashion shared worldwide. The marketing strategy of C company can be exemplified as a successful one.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.552-560
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• 2018

1960년대 이후 대기업은 한국 경제에서 기업 중심의 고도성장으로 지금까지 발전해 온 반면 중소기업은 대기업의 하부구조로서의 시스템으로써 한국경제를 이끌어왔다. 최근 기업 환경의 글로벌화에 따라 개별기업 간 경쟁에서 기업 네트워크 간 경쟁구조로 변화함에 따라 개별기업의 자체 역량보다는 기업 간 협력네트워크의 역량이 중요시 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중소기업의 협력활동을 통한 동반성장 전략 요소가 기업성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2018년 3월 2일부터 5월 17일까지 국내 대기업과 협력경험이 있는 중소기업 근무자를 대상으로 하였고, 총 515명의 설문지에 대한 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. 분석방법은 SPSS 22.0과 AMOS 18.0을 사용하여 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관분석, 구조방정식 모형을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 먼저 기업성과의 전략적 성과에 영향을 미치는 동반성장 전략요소는 목표일치성, 생산기술지원, 품질시스템으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기업성과의 재무적 성과에 영향을 미치는 동반성장 전략요소는 목표일치성, 품질시스템, 인센티브 연계로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 기업에 있어서 목표일치성, 생산기술지원, 품질시스템, 인센티브 연계 등과 같은 요소는 기업성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 중요한 인프라 요소임을 알 수 있었다. 반면, 공동지식창출과 같은 정보나 지식과 같은 요소는 그 자체로서 부가가치가 없고, 아직까지 기업성과에 영향을 미치기 어렵다는 현실을 반영함을 시사한다.

• 한국아프리카학회지
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• 제29권
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• pp.27-53
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• 2009

At the start of the new century, South Africa probably had the largest number of HIV-infected people of any country in the world. The only nation that comes close is India with a population of one billion people compared to South Africa's figure of 57 million. The tragedy is that this did not have to happen. South Africa was aware of the dangers posed by AIDS as early as 1985. In 1991, the national survey of women attending antenatal clinics found that only 0.8percent were infected. In 1994, when the new government took power, the figure was still comparatively low at 7.6 %. The 2004 figure which has been published is 26.5%. This article tracks the epidemic globally, in the region and in South Africa. I explain some of the basic concepts around the disease and look at what may happen with respect to numbers. The situation is bad, and the number of people falling ill, dying and leaving families will rise over next few years. This will impact on South Africa in a number of important ways. This article assesses the demographic, economic and social consequences of the epidemic. It disposes of a number of myths and present the real facts. The AIDS in South Africa is not related to individuals only. It warns that AIDS in Africa is becoming a community and systemic problem. The acuteness of the problem does not stem merely from the fact that communities are affected, or could even be wipe out by the end of this decade, but from the fact that AIDS will place incredible burdens and obligations upon medical services, health care and religious communities such as churches. The facts confront churches' mission with the important question: who is going to take care of all the patients and where? The reality is that people dying of AIDS will have to be cared for at home by relatives and friends. A further question that arises is whether our people are prepared for this. AIDS was considered to be a homo-plague and the hunt was on for a scapegoat in the light of the fatal implication of the disease. At present we are in the strategic phase where we all realize that it will be of no avail to scare people with the ominous threat of AIDS AIDS destroys the optimism of our achievement ethics. This exposure of the culture of optimism is also an exposure of the so-called 'human basic fear which accuses Christianity that their concept of sin is a damper on man's search for liberation and basic need to be freed from all Imitation. AIDS is also a test for our ecclesiastical genuineness and the sincerity of our mission sensibility. It poses the question: How unconditional is Christian love? Is there room for the AIDS sufferer in the community of believers, despite the fact he is an acknowledged homosexual? The question to put to the church is whether the community of believers is an exclusive to put to the koinonia which excludes homosexuals. They may be welcome on principle, but in actual fact are not acceptable to the church community. As South Africa enters the new century, it is clear that the epidemic is not having a measurable impact. However, the impact of AIDS is gradual, subtle and incremental. The author's proposal of what is currently most needed in South Africa is that the little things will make a difference. It's about doing lots of little things better at grassroots level, with the emphasis on doing. There are so many community, churches and NGOs initiatives worth building on and intensifying. One must not underestimate the therapeutic value of working together in small groups to overcome a problem

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-104
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• 2009

항공안전에 대한 항공선진국의 항공안전정책을 통해 얻을 수 있는 시사점을 위해 미국, 영국, 호주, 일본의 항공안전정책을 살펴보았으며 외국의 저비용항공사의 현황 및 한국의 저비용항공사의 안전정책 및 항공기 사고에 따른 항공안전 현황을 살펴보았다. 기존의 저비용항공사와 이제 신규 저비용항공사가 지역을 기반으로 지역항공사의 개념으로 탄생함으로써 새로운 저비용항공사의 시장이 형성되고 있는 상황이며 인근 동남아 지역에는 말레이시아의 와 같은 안전의 신뢰성을 갖고 정부가 지원하는 저비용항공사가 있는 반면 항공기 사고로 인하여 경영이 악화되었거나 안전성에 대한 신인도가 추락된 저비용항공사가 산재되어 있어서 외국의 저비용항공사에 대한 안전성 검증과 함께 국내 항공사의 국제선 진출에 대비한 신뢰성 향상 및 국제적 안전성 확보를 위한 안전관리 대책이 필요하다. 또한 현재 항공자유화와 항공수요의 다양화로 저비용항공사 증가 추세에 있으며 최근 제주항공, 에어부산, 진에어, 이스타항공이 국내선 운항과 동시에 국제선운항을 시작하였거나 준비하고 있는 상태이다. 본 논문은 최초 저비용항공사 출범 직후의 안전성에 대한 문제를 중심으로 연구를 진행하였으며 이후 이들 항공사 사고가 발생할 개연성에 대한 부분도 고려하였다. 따라서 국내외 항공시장의 환경변화에 능동적으로 대처하고 항공산업의 경쟁력 제고를 위해 신규 저비용항공사의 안전관리의 강화가 그 언제보다 필요한 시기라고 생각된다. 따라서 해외의 항공안전정책 가운데 미연방항공청의 Flight Plan 하위의 Business Plan처럼 구체적인 항공안전계획이 필요하다고 생각되며 본 논문이 저비용항공사의 항공안전 제고 노력에 미력이나마 도움이 되기를 바란다.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2009

본 연구는 우리나라 대표적인 강소기업들을 대상으로 심층적 사례조사를 실시하여 새로운 비즈니스 영역의 창출에 필요한 정책적 과제를 도출하고자 했다. 이를 통해 경제 구조적전환기에 금융위기가 가중된 경영환경 속에서 과연 중소기업들이 어떻게 신시장을 개척하고 신성장동력을 지속적으로 유지할 수 있는지에 관해 답변해보고자 했다. 24개 강소기업들에 관한 심층적 전략분석을 토대로 이들의 성공유형과 잠재된 실패요인(성공함정)들을 조사했으며, 그 결과 한국 강소기업의 8가지 유형을 제시했다. 또한 이들의 생존비결과 그에 따른 문제점을 살펴봄으로써 향후 지속적인 경쟁력 유지를 위해 고려해야 할 당면과제들을 도출했다. 이러한 조사결과들을 토대로 우리나라 강소기업들이 신성장동력을 지속적으로 확보하기 위한 전략대안과 정책적 지원방안에 관해서 논의하였다. 이와 함께 '저탄소 녹색성장'의 국가비전에 대해서도 중소기업을 위한 기회창출이라는 차원에서 논의하였다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권34호
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• pp.58-92
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• 2014

Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 1998년도 제13회 하계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.116-127
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• 1998

The Necessity of Cyber University. Within the rapidly changing environment of global economics, the environment of higher education in the universities, also, has been, encountering various changes. Popularization on higher education related to 1lifetime education system, putting emphasis on the productivity of education services and the acquisition of competitiveness through the market of open education, the breakdown of the ivory tower and the Multiversitization of universities, importance of obtaining information in the universities, and cooperation between domestic and oversea universities, industry and educational system must be acquired. Therefore, in order to adequately cope wi th these kinds of rapid changes in the education environment, operating Cyber University by utilizing various information technologies and its fixations such as Internet, E-mail, CD-ROMs, Interact ive Video Networks (Video Conferencing, Video on Demand), TV, Cable etc., which has no time or location limitation, is needed. Using informal ion and telecommunication technologies, especially the Internet is expected to Or ing about many changes in the social, economics and educational area. Among the many changes scholars have predicted, the development and fixations of Distant Learning or Cyber University was the most dominant factor. In the case of U. S. A., Cyber University has already been established and in under operation by the Federate Governments of 13 states. Any other universities (around 500 universities has been opened until1 now), with the help of the government and private citizens have been able to partly operate the Cyber University and is planning on enlarging step-by-step in the future. It could be seen not only as U. S. A. trying to elevate its higher education through their leading information technologies, but also could be seen as their objective in putting efforts on subordinating the culture of the education worldwide. UTRA University in U. S. A., for example, is already exporting its class lectures to China, and Indonesia regions. Influenced by the Cyber University current in the U.S., the Universities in Korea is willing .to arrange various forms of Cyber Universities. In line with this, at JUNAM National University, internet based Cyber University, which has set about its work on July of 1997, is in the state of operating about 100 Cyber Universities. Also, in the case of Hanam University, the Distant Learning classes are at its final stage of being established; this is a link in the rapid speed project of setting an example by the Korean Government. In addition, the department of education has selected 5 universities, including Seoul Cyber Design University for experimentation and is in the stage of strategic operation. Over 100 universities in Korea are speeding up its preparation for operating Cyber University. This form of Distant Learning goes beyond the walls of universities and is in the trend of being diffused in business areas or in various training programs of financial organizations and more. Here, in the hope that this material would some what be of help to other Universities which are preparing for Cyber University, I would 1ike to introduce some general concepts of the components forming Cyber University and Open Education System which has been established by JUNAM University. System of Cyber University could be seen as a general solution offered by tile computer technologies for the management on the students, Lectures On Demand, real hour based and satellite classes, media product ion lab for the production of the multimedia Contents, electronic library, the Groupware enabling exchange of information between students and professors. Arranging general concepts of components in the aspect of Cyber University and Open Education, it would be expressed in the form of the establishment of Cyber University and the service of Open Education as can be seen in the diagram below.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

본 연구는 새롭게 조성되는 도시의 물순환체계를 구축하고, 도시화로 말미암아 증가하는 유출량을 분산 저류함은 물론, 생물다양성을 증진시킬 수 있는 습지의 조성입지와 면적을 확보하는 것에 중점을 두었다. 습지조성 입지선정을 위하여 유역분석에서부터 평가항목 선정, 가중치 산출, 주제도 작성, 종합 등 일련의 과정을 모형으로 정립하였다. 개발된 모형은 수도권에 입지해 있는 위례 신도시 개발예정지역에 적용함으로써 모형의 실행가능성과 한계를 검토하였다. 적용 결과, 유역분석단계 에서는 대상지가 13개의 소유역으로 구분되며, 개발대상지가 포함되는 유역들의 유입량은 $3,020,765m^3$인 것으로 나타났다. 개발 전 후의 유출량을 비교하면 각각 $1,901,969m^3$, $1,970,735{\sim}2,039,502m^3$로써 개발지역에서 확보해야 할 총 저류량은 $68,766{\sim}137,533m^3$로 산출되었다. 습지조성 입지선정단계에서는 각각의 주제도를 중첩한 결과, 13개 소유역별로 습지조성 우선지역이 차등적으로 분류되었다. 유출량을 저류할 수 있는 습지의 입지와 면적을 도출한 결과, 저류형 습지와 하천형 습지, 연못형 습지 등 다양한 유형의 습지조성은 물론 이들의 유기적 연계가 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 이는 도시 전체의 물순환체계 계획의 기본골격을 제공함으로써 녹지공간과의 통합을 통해 도시생태 네트워크 계획 수립과 같은 공간계획단계에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 본 연구는 토지이용계획 이전 단계에서 도시화로 인해 예상되는 잠재적인 유출량을 기준으로 습지의 입지와 면적을 산정함에 따라 정확한 저류량의 산정을 위해서는 토지이용계획 이후 환류(feedback)과정이 요구되었으며, 습지의 유형이나 입지적 특성에 따라서 저류량 등 저류능력이 달라질 수 있음에도 불구하고 문헌에서 고찰되는 일반적인 습지 저류량을 모든 습지에 동일하게 적용했다는 점은 본 연구의 한계라 할 수 있다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.229-258
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• 2023

Для основных ведущих стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона США, Китая и России сложилась ситуация "новой нормальности". Причем для каждой из указанных стран эта "новая нормальность" имеет свои собственные особенности, характеристики и значение. Для США – это обострение военного противостояния с Китаем в Тайваньском проливе. Для Китая – обострение соперничества с Соединенными Штатами до нового уровня и, одновременно, замедление темпов экономического развития с очень высокой вероятностью их дальнейшего снижения. "Новая нормальность" для России – это почти полное свертывание отношений с США, ЕС и их партнёрами и союзниками на фоне специальной военной операции и введенных санкций. Эти нюансы, в дополнение к результатам 20-го съезда КПК, во многом и будут определять основные тенденции в китайско-американских и китайско-российских отношениях. С высокой вероятностью отношения Китая и России не претерпят серьезных изменений на фоне украинского кризиса. Пекин будет стараться сохранять позицию "доброжелательного нейтралитета" по отношению к Москве. В то же время баланс между "доброй волей" и "нейтралитетом" может варьироваться в зависимости от масштабов китайско-российского сотрудничества. Например, в экономической сфере китайские компании будут лимитировать сотрудничество с российскими партнерами, опасаясь западных вторичных санкций. Однако, в целом, Россия сохранит свое значение для Китая как сильнейший антиамериканский полюс. В отношениях с США Китай продолжит твердо отстаивать свои интересы, в то же время, не исключая нормализации отношений с Вашингтоном в определенных областях сотрудничества: стратегическая стабильность, нетрадиционные угрозы, экология и т.д. В целом решения 20-го съезда КПК не позволяют говорить ни за, ни против идеи о готовности Китая возобновить диалог с США в период после конгресса. Китайско-американские отношения, как отмечалось выше, имеют свою собственную логику и, вероятно, продолжат развиваться в ее рамках. Впрочем, как и китайско-российские отношения. В рамках этой логики Пекин, похоже, продолжает балансировать между двумя векторами своей внешней политики. С одной стороны – это развитие двустороннего сотрудничества с Россией с целью укрепления собственных переговорных позиций в противостоянии с Вашингтоном: военное сотрудничество с акцентом на совместные учения, политическое сотрудничество, основанное на антиамериканизме, экономическое сотрудничество с оглядкой на риски вторичных санкций. С другой стороны, для Китая неприемлемо, во-первых, нарушение территориальной целостности Украины, во-вторых, прямое военное столкновение с США и, в-третьих, дальнейшее обострение отношений с Вашингтоном по фактору китайской дружбы с Россией.