• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Purpose: This study measures the effect of Information Technology (IT) on both cost and profit efficiency of State-owned Commercial Banks (SOCBs) in Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: Yearly Non-IT and IT data are collected from the annual report of SOCBs of Bangladesh from 2008 to 2017. Variable Return to Scale (VRS) cost Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Profit DEA are employed to measure the efficiency of SOCBs and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) is used to investigate the impacts of ICT components on operating cost and profit efficiency for SOCBs. Results: The average cost efficiency (74.4%) was noticed higher than the average profit efficiency (20.6%) for SOCBs. SOCBs were more affordable and less profitable for both cost and profit efficiency. Rupali bank was the most cost efficient while Sonali bank was the most profit efficient. IT Investment and IT personnel expenses were positively significant for cost efficiency. IT income, IT personnel, IT personnel expenses, ATM expenses, and Credit card expenses were negatively significant for profit efficiency. Conclusion: The further studies can combine DEA with machine learning algorithms to study the impact of IT on banks' performances. The results could aid government to remove the hindrance of progress in Bangladesh.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.923-931
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• 2021

The aim of the present study is to analyze the financial performance of converted commercial bank from non-banking financial institution through a case study of Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited as sample organization. It is observed that the bank is able to achieve a stable growth rate in total deposits, total loans and advances, and net income after tax during the period of 2015-2019. Researchers also calculated some ratio analysis and noticed that the financial position of Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited was not so strong because bank's ROA, ROE, NIM and other ratios were below standard. Researchers used secondary data that were examined by using descriptive statistical tools and panel data regression model. Result shows that Bangladesh Commerce Bank has satisfactory operating efficiency, assets management efficiency, and gives loans to customers. In addition, the present study has tested some hypotheses regarding net income after tax, ROA and ROE with total assets, total loans, total deposits and interest income. These hypotheses have been accepted, which means there is no significant influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The study suggests that Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited had the opportunities to make their financial position stronger by utilizing their good financial position and management efficiencies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.317-328
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• 2021

This study examines the impact of bank competition and efficiency in the financial stability of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The study used the Lerner index and the Boone indicator to represent the bank competition, while the non-performing loan (NPL) and Z-score are used to represent financial stability. The secondary data were collected from the annual reports of 28 DSE listed commercial banks of Bangladesh over the period from 2011 to 2018. Using a dynamic panel GMM model, the study found the Lerner index is significantly negatively related with Z-score, which means that higher bank competition results in higher bank stability. It is also seen that higher cost efficiency results in higher bank stability. The Lerner index has negative, but insignificant impact on NPL. Similarly, using the Boone indicator, this study found that lower competition increases NPL. In terms of the Z-score, the Boone indicator found that 1 unit of increment results in decrease of the Z-score by 6.15 units. The study suggests that, as more competition results in more financial soundness, the banking industry competition should be ensured by policymakers or regulators. Banks could enhance financial stability by cost control to achieve cost efficiency as well as by improving loan-to-asset ratio.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1992

Two experiments were conducted with one-day-old straight run Muscovy ducklings to determine their protein and energy requirements. In the 1st experiment, isoenergetic diets (2800 kcal ME/kg) with three dietary proteins, 18, 20 and 22% in the starter period (1-28 days) and 16, 18 and 20% in the grower and finisher period (29-84 days) were used to determine the optimum protein requirement. While, in the 2nd experiment, isonitrogenous diets (20%, C.P.) with three dietary energy, 2700, 2800 and 2900 kcal ME/kg in the starter period (1-28 days) and (18% C.P.) with 2800, 2900 and 3000 kcal ME/kg in the grower-finisher period (29-84 days) were used to determine the optimum energy requirement. It was observed that 20% C.P. in the starter period and 18% C.P. in the grower and finisher period was adequate for optimum performance, while, 2900 kal ME/kg was sufficient to meet the optimum energy requirement in both the starter, grower-finisher period as regards body weight, feed efficiency, protein efficiency and caloric efficiency are concerned.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

Hospital design technology of Korea has recently been exported to underdeveloped countries through the EDCF business. This business reflects our high technology of the hospital design and the regional features that reflect the natural environments, the architectural features and the architectural technology of underdeveloped countries. In accordance with the trend of the global environmental-friendly design market, introduction of environmental-friendly design is needed in the project of hospital for underdeveloped countries. A result of examining the Bangladesh case, the hospital design for the underdeveloped countries already contains a lots of environmental-friendly design elements which have lots of effect. In addition, these environmental elements already contains the advantage and efficiency of operation. Thus, for the success of the hospital design project of the international assistance business, it is necessary actively to discover the environmental-friendly design elements of the region, and to survey the environmental-friendly construction of the region and to make the guidelines of environmental-friendly hospital design during the feasibility study phase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.629-634
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• 1997

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of equiprotein replacement of dietary fish meal (FM) with duckweed (DW) and soybean meal (SBM) on the performance of broilers. A total of 112 seven-day-old as hatched broilers were fed on 4 different iso-energetic (2,818 kcal/kg) and iso-nitrogeneous (20.2% CP) diets up to 56 days of age. Diet A was control with 12% FM. In diets B (3% DW + 13.5% SBM), C (6% DW + 11.5% SBM) and D (9% DW +10% SBM). All FM protein of control diet was replaced by DW and SBM. The replacement of dietary FM by DW and SBM depressed feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion efficiency and increased production cost and thus affected profitability. All those growth parameters had a linear declining trend as the proportion of DW in the diet was increased. It may be concluded that complete replacement of dietary FM by DW and SBM should not be recommended for raising broilers.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

This study compares the most widely used parametric and non-parametric techniques to measure cost and profit efficiency of banks, namely the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We formulate the specification form of both stochastic cost and profit frontier models and constant return to scale Cost DEA and Profit DEA models and provide an empirical assessment of the cost and profit frontiers based on a panel dataset of National Commercial Banks (NCBs) and Private Banks (PBs) in Bangladesh over the 2001-2010 period. The cost inefficiency and profit efficiency are slightly higher for PBs than NCBs in case of both SFA and DEA. The coefficients of advance and off-balance sheet items are significant that positively influence the banks in stochastic cost frontier model while the advance, other earning assets, price of borrowed fund are significant and negative effects on the banks in stochastic profit frontier model. The average cost inefficiency and average profit efficiency are recorded with 16.3% and 91% respectively. The highest and lowest cost inefficiency are observed for Janata Bank and United Commercial Bank Limited whilst the highest and lowest profit efficiency are recorded for Eastern Bank Limited and Janata Bank respectively. The average technical and allocative efficiency are 68.8% and 35.9%, respectively in case of CRS cost-DEA model whereas they are 70.3% and 31.8% in case of CRS profit-DEA model. The average cost inefficiency is recorded 6.3% by SFA whereas it is 24.5% by DEA. The average profit efficiency is found 91% by SFA while it is 22.1% by DEA, and SFA method shows better bank efficiency than DEA.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

A prerequisite of a sound financial system is effective channeling of financial resources to efficient users; hence maximizing economic and societal welfare. To that end, the prevalence of bad loans in banks in emerging economies is a major policy concern. In an attempt to add to the growing body of literature explaining the interrelationship between macroeconomic and firm-specific factors, and non-performing loans (NPL), this paper examines data from 24 scheduled commercial banks in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2019. Macroeconomic factors as well as firm-specific factors related to profitability, capital strength, and efficiency are considered. Panel data regression analysis is performed to estimate pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models. Following the necessary testing, it was found that the fixed effects model with robust standard error is appropriate. Results show that return on assets and inflation have a negative influence on NPL, but GDP growth has a favorable impact. The paper concludes by asserting that the evidence supports similar findings from studies both in Bangladesh and elsewhere and it is noted that a combination of these macroeconomic and firm-specific factors explains only a small portion of the total variation in NPL.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.450-454
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• 1998

Four groups each containing 48 seven-day-old broiler chicks were reared for 7 weeks during winter on rice husk litter spread to depths of 20, 30, 40 or 50 mm. Broiler performance was evaluated in terms of weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency and production number. Litter dampness was determined and coccidial oocyst populations were counted at different weeks of age. The depth of litter did not significantly affect live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, liveability or production number. Variation in moisture contents of litter was observed but the coccidial oocysts count per gramme of litter was within the safety level and therefore, there was no outbreak of coccidiosis in any group. Use of rice husk litter at different depths (20 to 50 mm) did not cause any breast blisters or leg abnormalities. It was concluded that rice husk can be used as litter at depths of between 20 and 50 mm during winter to raise broilers without affecting performance characteristics and health of birds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 1991

A CRD experiment with thirty growing cross bred calves were assigned at random to three treatments rations. 1) $T_0$, 0% Urea + 20% M. O. cake, 2) $T_1$, 1% Urea + 10% M. O. cake and 3) $T_2$, 2% Urea + 0% M. O. cake to develop a rice straw based ration for ruminants. Sweetish odour and yellowish colour were observed in good recovered silage. Organic matter varied from 87.45% to 89.63% whereas crude protein varied from 14.0% to 14.5% in each treatment. No significant differences were found among the nutrient composition of the ration. The dry matter in take (DMI) and dry matter digestibility was higher in $T_0$ (0% Urea) than those of ration containing 1% ($T_1$) and 2% Urea ($T_2$). The organic matter digestibility decreases with increasing doses of urea. The crude protein & nitrogen-free-extract digestibility were found higher in the ration $T_1$ containing 1% urea whereas crude fibre digestibility and available metabolizable energy (ME) were higher in $T_0$ containing no urea as compared to $T_1$ and $T_2$. Total digestible nutrient (TDN) decreases with the increase of urea level. The highest feed efficiency was found in $T_0$ having no urea and lowest was in $T_2$. The animals gained in weights from each ration. Highest gain in weight was found in $T_0$ ration, then followed $T_1$, and $T_2$. This is due to natural protein available in M. O. cake only. It is concluded that supplemetation of urea or M. O. cake with readily available energy source as molasses upto 20% of total dietary dry matter in a complete ration may increase the intake of low quality fibrous roughage only when nitrogen and mineral are not limiting factor.