• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.601-613
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• 2018

본 연구는 스마트시티 공간에 적용된 디바이스/기술과 아티팩트의 융합유형을 도출 하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 주요연구 내용은 스마트시티에 적용된 환경기술(ET), 정보기술(IT), 환경 정보기술(ET+IT)의 융합 변화에 관한 심층 분석 이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 31개의 사례분석을 통해 디바이스/기술과 아티팩트를 아래와 같이 도출 하였다. 아티팩트는 총 92개, 디바이스/기술은 환경기술 중심에서 83개, 정보기술 중심에서 51개, 총 134개 디바이스/기술 이다. 둘째, 디바이스/기술과 아티팩트 간의 융합 변화는 7개 유형에 의해 진화하고 있다. 유형1, 'ET중심의 진화형' 은 1기(분리융합), 2기(ET중심융합), 3기(ET중심으로 IT성장과 ET+IT융합) 이다. 유형2, 'ET+IT중심의 ET고도화형'은 1기(초기 ET+IT융합), 2기(ET 고도화, IT보조융합), 3기(ET 초고도화, IT보조융합) 이다. 유형3, 'ET+IT 일체화형'은 1기(ET, IT 개별융합), 2기(ET+IT 혼합융합), 3기(ET+IT 일체화 융합) 이다. 유형4, 'IT중심의 진화형'은 1기(IT중심으로 개발), 2기(IT중심의 고도화), 3기(IT중심의 초고도화) 이다. 유형5 6, 'ET+IT 동반 고도화형'은 1기(ET+IT중심의 IT개발), 2기(ET+IT중심의 IT고도화), 3기(ET+IT중심의 IT 초고도화) 이다. 유형7, 'ET+IT중심의 IT고도화형'은 1기(초기 ET+IT융합), 2기(ET보조융합, IT고도화), 3기(ET 보조융합, IT 초고도화) 이다. 본 결과는 향후 다양한 새로운 융합유형이 도출될 것이라 예상 된다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.21-24
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• 2003

In general, to enhance physical properties of PET-layered silicate nanocomposites $(P_{et}LSNs)$, it has been well known that the organic modifiers should introduce into gallery regions. However, the organic modifiers in$(P_{et}LSNs)$ may result in thermal decomposition by melt processing at high temperature, and it necessarily lead to deteriorate various physical properties of final products. Therefore, in this study, $(P_{et}LSNs)$ excluding and including organic modifiers were prepared by solution method $(S-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and S-P_{et}LSNs_{iom})$ and we (focused on the effects of the organic modifiers in $P_{et}$ LSNs with exfoliation structure on the crystallization behaviors, the optical transparency, the thermal stability and the mechanical property. The absence and existence of organic modifiers in $S-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and S-P_{et}LSNs_{iom}$ were investigated by EA and TGA, and nano-structure of silicate layers in $S-P_{et}LSNs$ was evaluated by using WXRD, SAXS and TEM. $S-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and S-P_{et}LSNs_{iom}$ were mixed with neat PET as masterbatches by melt method $(M-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and M-P_{et}LSNs_{iom})$, and also neat PET was mixed with organically modified layered silicates (OLS) by conventional direct melt method $(D-P_{et}LSNs) at 270^{\circ}C$. As results, it was found that $M-P_{et}LSNs_{eom}, M-P_{et}LSNs_{iom}, and D-P_{et}LSN$ showed a exfoliated structure and exhibited faster crystallization rate, better thermal stability and mechanical property than those of neat PET due to the dispersed and detaminated silicate layers in PET matrix. Whereas, considering organic modifiers effect, $M-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and D-P_{et}LSN$ exhibited slower crystallization rate, poorer optical, thermal and mechanical properties, in comparison to $M-P_{et}LSNs_{eom}> due to the thermal decomposition of organic modifier in $D-P_{et}LSNs$ during melt method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.250-252
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• 2006

Due to enhanced high IT (information technology) development, IT-based technology convergences such as IT/ET(electric technology), IT/BT(biology technology) and IT/NT(nano technology) are actively merging trend and their applications spread wide. In this paper PLC (power line communication), one of the merging IT, is investigated as one of the potential IT candidates for IT/ET and IT/BT convergence technology for DLC (direct load control) or bio-medical engineering such as ubiquitous health cares or D2H2 (distributed diagnosis and home health care).

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.192-192
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• 1996

Endothelin has $ET_{A}$ type and $ET_{B}$ type receptors, and it has been thought that ET-1 proves vasoconstriction effect via $ET_{A}$ receptor and vasodilation via $ET_{B}$ receptor. Recently, it has been reported that $ET_{B}$ receptor is also related to the vaso-constriction. Bosentan is a $ET_{A+B}$ receptor antagonist, and proves it's effect on trauma and ischemia. We already announced that the level of Endothelin-1 increase in the brain and spinal cord of EAE-induced lewis rat and showed the origin of ET-1 is activated macrophages. Intracisternal injection of Bosentan, $ET_{A+B}$ receptor antagonist, (300nmol/body) was done for observing the role of endothelin-1 on the pathogenesis of EAE. Bosentan ameliorated the severity of clinical score of EAE and decreased the histologically observed inflammatory region. The blocking effect on the progression of EAE model suggests that Bosentan is a physiological antagonist in terms of development of the sign of multiple sclerosis.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1997

In order to provide basic information for the estimation of evapotranspiration in the ponded direct seeding paddy field, both field lysimeter experiment and model prediction were performed to estimate daily ET. Various methods were used to predict daily reference crop ET and crop coefficients. Measure4 mean daily ET during the 1995 growing season varied from 5.9 to 6.1 mm depending on the species, while it varied from 5.1 to 5.5 mm in 1996. Model predicted mean daily ET during the 1995 growing season varied from 3.9 to 4.9 mm depending on the prediction model, while it varied from 3.5 to 4.7 mm in 1996. The smaller ET values both measured and predicted in 1996 were caused by the low values of temperature, sunshine hours, and solar radiation. Crop coefficients varied from 1.20 to 1.50 in 1995 depending on the prediction model, while it varied from 1.10 to 1.47 in 1996. Comparison of the seven reference crop ET prediction methods used in this study shows that the Penman-Monteith method and the FAO-Radiation method gave the lowest ET while the corrected Penman method and the Hargreaves method gave the largest ET. Since crop coefficients vary to a large extent based on the prediction methods, reference crop ET prediction method should be carefully selected in irrigation planning.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2021

에탄올 대사체인 에틸글루쿠로나이드(ethyl glucuronide, EtG)와 에틸설페이트(ethyl sulfate, EtS)는 에탄올 섭취의 직접적인 지표물질로서 여러 생체 시료에서 법과학적으로 다양하게 연구되고 있다. 부검 변사자에게서 검출된 에탄올이 사망 전 음주에 의한 것인지 사후 부패에 의해 생성된 에탄올인지 판단하기 위해서는 에탄올 대사체를 분석할 필요가 있다. 일반적으로 혈액에서 에탄올과 함께 EtG, EtS를 검출하고 있지만 부패 상황에 따라 혈액을 확보하는 것이 어려우므로 조직 생체시료를 이용해 에탄올 대사체를 검출함으로써 이를 대체해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 조직 중에서 비장을 선택하여 LC-MS/MS를 이용해 EtG, EtS를 검출하였으며 시험법이 적합한 방법인지를 증명하기 위해 밸리데이션을 수행하여 법과학적 감정에 사용할 수 있는 분석법을 완성하고 실제 부검 사례에 적용하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2011

This study investigated the anti-oxidation activities of fresh Codonopsis lanceolata Traut (Benth et Hook) and red beans, and also the quality properties of fresh Codonopsis lanceolata Yanggaeng to which raw Codonopsis lanceolata Traut (Benth et Hook) was added. The DPPH free radical scavenging activities of fresh Codonopsis lanceolata Traut (Benth et Hook) and red beans were 31.42% and 37.98%, respectively. Thus, that of red beans was rather the total polyphenol contents of fresh Codonopsis lanceolata Traut (Benth et Hook) and red beans were 5.74 mg/g and 4.14 mg/g respectively, and the total flavonoid contents of fresh Codonopsis lanceolata Traut (Benth et Hook) and red beans were 5.07 mg/g and 1.29 mg/g respectively. As higher amounts of Codonopsis lanceolata Traut (Benth et Hook) were added to Yanggaeng, the water content in the Yanggaeng continued to increase. Preferences were in the following order: 21%>12%>28%>7%>0%, and it was found that the optimal level for addition of fresh Codonopsis lanceolata Traut (Benth et Hook) was between 12% and 21%. It was also shown that adjusting the amount of ingredients or agar would improve the product quality.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2010

Pseudo-first-order rate constants ($k_{obsd}$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate (5a), 4-nitrophenyl 4-methoxybenzoate (5b), and 4-nitrophenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (5c) with alkali metal ethoxides, $EtO^-M^+$ ($M^+=Li^+$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$) in anhydrous ethanol (EtOH) at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The plots of $k_{obsd}$ vs. [$EtO^-M^+$] exhibit upward curvatures in all cases, indicating that $M^+$ ions catalyze the reactions and ionpaired $EtO^-M^+$ species are more reactive than dissociated $EtO^-$. Second-order rate constants for reactions with dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired $EtO^-M^+$ (i.e., $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtO^-M^+}$, respectively) have been calculated from ion-pair treatment for the reactions of 5a and 5b. However, such ion-pair treatment has failed to determine $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtO^-M^+}$ values for the reactions of 5c. It has been concluded that reactions of 5a and 5b are catalyzed by one metal ion, which increases electrophilicity of the reaction center through coordination on the carbonyl oxygen. In contrast, reactions of 5c have been suggested to involve two metal ions, i.e., the one coordinated on the carbonyl oxygen increases the electrophilicity of the reaction center while the other one associated on the phenoxy oxygen decreases the charge repulsion between the anionic reagents (i.e., $EtO^-$ and deprotonated 5c). It has been found that the rate equation derived from the mechanism involving two metal ions fits nicely to the kinetic results obtained for the reactions of 5c.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

Objective : Essential tremor(ET) is the most common movement disorder, however, there has been little agreement in the neurologic literature regarding diagnostic criteria for ET. Familial ET is an autosomal dominant disorder presenting as an isolated postural tremor. The main feature of ET is postural tremor of the arms with later involvement of the head, voice, or legs. In previous studies, it was reported that ET susceptibility was inherited in an autosomal dominant inheritance. As previous results, it would suggest that ET might be associated with defect of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Recent studies are focusing on molecular genetic detection of movement disorders, such as essential tremor and restless legs syndrome. Moreover, authors have analysed mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) from the blood cell of positive control(PC) and ET patients via long and accurate polymerase chain reaction(LA PCR). Materials & Methods : Blood samples were collected from PC and 9 ET patients. Total DNA was extracted twice with phenol followed by chloroform : isoamylalcohol. For the analysis of mtDNA, LA PCR was performed by mitochondrial specific primers. Results : With this technique, deletions of large quantities were detected within several regions of mtDNA in ET patients except for D-loop and CO I regions. Conclusion : The authors believe that ET is a genentic disorder with deficiency of mitochondrial DNA multicomplexes and mitochondiral dysfunction could be one of major causative factors of ET. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis and possibility of disease progression among familial group with ET patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2001

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a recently discovered potent vasoconstrictive peptide. It was first identified in vascular endothelial cells. ET-1 is a 21-amino acid peptide and elicits systemic effects such as stimulation of the production of atrial natriuretic peptide and release of aldosterone and corticosterone. In this study, to examine the role of ET-1 in the bone metabolism, effect of ET-1 on the proliferation and activity of osteoblastic cells was studied using HOS cells as osteoblast model. ET-1 dose-dependently increased the cell proliferation as determined by cell counting and MTT reduction assay after 48hr treatment. Alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited by ET-1 and showed significant inhibition by 50 and 100 nM ET-1. ET-1 increased NBT reduction by HOS cells dose-dependently showing that ET-1 may increase the superoxide production by osteoblasts. Nitrite concentration in the media of HOS cell culture without cytokine stimulation was negligible and unaffected by ET-1 after 48hr treatment. Finally, after collection and concentration of conditioned media, gelatinase activity produced by HOS cells was determined by zymography. HOS cells can produce and secrete the gelatinase (gelatinase A type as determined by molecular weight of about 65,000) into culture media, however, ET-1 had no effect on the gelatinase activity. These findings suggest that ET-1 may have diverse effects on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, therefore, it may play an important role in bone metabolism.