• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.473-477
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• 2020

Superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps represent a useful option in autologous breast reconstruction. However, the short-fixed pedicle can limit flap inset options. We present a challenging flap inset successfully addressed by de-epithelialization, turnover, and counterintuitive rotation. A 47-year-old woman underwent left tertiary breast reconstruction with stacked free flaps using right deep inferior epigastric perforator and left SIEA vessels. Antegrade and retrograde anastomoses to the internal mammary (IM) vessels were preferred; additionally, the thoracodorsal vessels were unavailable due to previous latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction. Optimal shaping required repositioning of the lateral ends of the flaps superiorly, which would position the ipsilateral SIEA hemi-flap pedicle lateral to and out of reach of the IM vessels. This problem was overcome by turning the SIEA flap on its long axis, allowing the pedicle to sit medially with the lateral end of the flap positioned superiorly. The de-epithelialized SIEA flap dermis was in direct contact with the chest wall, enabling its fixation. This method of flap inset provides a valuable solution for medializing the SIEA pedicle while maintaining an aesthetically satisfactory orientation. This technique could be used in ipsilateral SIEA flap breast reconstructions that do not require a skin paddle, as with stacked flaps or following nipple-sparing mastectomy.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1047-1052
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose the CSLR(: Complementary Single Loop Resonators)-loaded inset fed patch antenna with a conducting reflector to improve the radiation patterns. Reflector of the proposed antenna is located below about ${\lambda}_0/4$ from the ground plane of the patch, the size is about two times of the patch. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated on the substrate which has a dielectric constant and thickness with 2.5 and 0.787 mm, respectively. Simulation results are obtained by using the HFSS, 3D EM Solver based Finite Element Method(: FEM). The resonant frequency and matching characteristics of the antenna with reflector are substantially the same as when there is no change in the antenna without reflector, it is confirmed that radiation patterns are significantly improved by the reflector.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

Purpose: Mandibulotomy approach and mandible sparing approach are most common methods for oropharyngeal cancer surgery. Good surgical view and convenience of flap inset are advantages of mandibulotomy approach but deformity of mandible contour, postoperative malocclusion and radionecrosis are its limitations. To make up for the limitations, mandible sparing method is commonly performed, but limited surgical view and difficulties of flap inset are the weak points of this approach. The purpose of the study is to compare mandibulotomy and mandible sparing approaches in postoperative complications and progression of the treatment in oropharyngeal cancer operation and reconstruction. Methods: Single reconstructive microsurgeon operated for oropharyngeal cancer patients with different surgeons of head and neck department who prefer mandibulotomy and mandible sparing approach respectively, and we compared the frequency of postoperative complication, operation time, duration of hospitalization and recurrence rate between two different surgical approaches. Results: Mandibulotomy approach was used in 18 patients and mandible sparing approach was used in 15 patients. In mandibulotomy approach, there happened one case of teeth injury and one case of necrosis of skin and gingiva, but there happened no malocclusion and radionecrosis. In mandible sparing approach, there were 3 cases of fistula and 2 cases of infection which are significantly higher than mandibulotomy approach. There were no significant differences between early regional recurrence and duration of hospitalization. Conclusion: In this study we compared two different methods for the surgical approach in oropharyngeal cancer surgery. As mandible sparing approach has difficulties of limited surgical view, it can be used for the limited indications of anterior tongue and mouth floor cancer. Mandibulotomy approach has advantages of good surgical view and convenience of flap inset. In this method preservation of gingival tissue, watertight fashion suture, delicate osteotomy and plate fixation to maintain occlusion are the key points for the successful results.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.461-466
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• 2019

In this paper, we have studied the improvement of gain and bandwidth characteristics by using double feeding and L-shaped inset feed line matching circuit in microstrip stacked patch antenna which is widely used to broaden the gain of general microstrip antenna. The proposed structure is composed of two feeding edges of the main patch antenna, each of them are connected to a feeding line having an L shaped inset feeder. And the parasitic patch is placed at a proper distance above the main patch. The size of the main patch is designed so that the resonance frequency is close to the center frequency of the target frequency band. The experimental results show that the bandwidth was increased more than 180MHz in the 2.3-2.7 GHz band, which is more interesting than the single feed, and the gain improvement of 2.5dBi was obtained at 2.7GHz.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2024

This paper presents a single and 2-patch microstrip array antenna operated on a frequency of 10.3GHz(x-band). It outlines the process of designing a microstrip patch array antenna using CST MWS. Initially, a single microstrip antenna was designed, followed by optimization using CST MWS to attain optimal return losses and gain. Subsequently, the design was expanded to create a 2×1 microstrip inset-fed array antenna for the X-band applications. The construction material is Roger RO4350B, with specific dimensions (h=0.79mm, 𝜖_r = 3.54). The achieved results include an S11 of -18dB at the resonant frequency (10.3GHz), a gain of 9.82dBi, a bandwidth of 0.165GHz, and a 3-dB beamwidth of 30°, 121° in Az(𝜑=0) and El(𝜑=90) plane, respectively. The future plan involves the fabrication of this array antenna and further expansion to a 4×4 array of microstrip antennas. It is then incorporated on the X-band applications for practical uses.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.298-302
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• 2006

Various method of insetting the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction has been reported in literature. The Bostwick's principle is commonly applied, which utilizes contralateral pedicle in a vertical or oblique flap inset position and ipsilateral pedicle in the transverse position. But it is relatively a complex and difficult technique, thus requires a more simplified strategy. We have formulated a new insetting method, in which the contralateral pedicled TRAM flap with an oblique($0^{\circ}-90^{\circ}$) flap inset was carried out. We used this method in 100 cases from July 2001 to June 2003. This maneuver places Hartrampf's zones I and III with good vascularity in the medial side, and zone II in lateral side of breast. Fat necrosis was observed in 14 patients(14%) and of these, only three cases needed surgical excision. This simplified method is easy to learn. Specifically, fat necrosis removal is easy with more tolerable aesthetic results, especially in Asian patients with smaller breasts.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1050-1055
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• 2010

In this paper, the K band $3{\times}6$ array antenna having unequal input is presented. To control the input impedance of the patch antenna, the length of inset feed is adjusted. Also, the same current in each element is excited by Kirchhoff's law. The proposed unequal impedance array antenna is a nonuniform amplitude array. The bandwidth of the proposed unequal impedance array antenna is wider by 1.5 times than that of the equal array antenna. This broad bandwidth is thought to be due to multiple resonances of patches. The unequal impedance array antennas have fractional bandwidths of 5.07 % and gains of 18.32 dBi.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.811-818
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• 2002

In this paper, a shorting pin and slot-loaded microstrip patch antenna is designed and fabricated. A shorting pin and slots are used for harmonic suppression on an inset fed antenna. A shorting pin and slot properties are analyzed by cavity model of the rectangular patch and the characteristics of the designed antenna are described. The designed antenna provides a gain of 7 dBi at the fundamental frequency, 5.8 GHz. In the second and third harmonic frequencies, the proposed antenna has gain suppression properties of -3.3 dB and -14.3 dB at each harmonic frequency, respectively.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.878-888
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• 2016

Cogging torque has a negative impact on the operation of permanent magnet machines by increasing torque ripple, speed ripple, acoustic noise and vibration. In this paper Magnet Shifting Method has been used as a tool to reduce the cogging torque in inset Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (LSPMSM). It has been shown that Magnet Shifting Method can effectively eliminate several lower-order harmonics of cogging torque. In order to implement the method, first the expression of cogging torque is studied based on the Fourier analysis. An analytical expression is then introduced based on Permanent Magnet Shifting to reduce cogging torque of LSPMS motors. The method is applied to some existing machine designs and their performances are obtained using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The effect of magnet shifting on pole mmf (magneto motive force) distribution in air gap is discussed. The side effects of magnet shifting on back-EMF, core losses and torque profile distortion are taken into account in this investigation. Finally the experimental results on two prototypes 24 slot 4 pole inset LSPMS motors have been used to validate the theoretical analysis.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2022

The reconstruction of total lower eyelid defects is challenging to plastic surgeons due to the complicated anatomical structure of the eyelid. In addition, in the setting of cancer excision, the resection is deep, which requires some volume augmentation. However, in some cases, free tissue transfer is not applicable. We report a case of using a temporoparietal fascia flap (TPFF) for reconstructing a total lower eyelid defect. A large erythematous mass in an 83-year-old woman was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by biopsy. After wide excision, the defect size was about 8×6 cm. The lower eyelid structures including the tarsus were removed. The TPFF including the superficial temporal artery was elevated and inset to the defect area. After the flap inset, a split-thickness skin graft with an acellular dermal matrix was performed on the fascial flap. There were no wound problems such as infection, dehiscence, or necrosis. After the patient's discharge, partial skin graft loss and ectropion occurred. The complications resolved spontaneously during the postoperative period. We report a case of reconstructing a lower eyelid defect using a TPFF. A TPFF can be applied to patients with large defects for whom free tissue transfer surgery is not appropriate as in this case.