• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.102-115
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• 2018

Objectives: Although breakfast is important to nutrition balance, prevention of overeating, and weight control, people in their 20s (males: 55.1%, females: 49.9%) were reported to have the highest rate of skipping breakfast in 2016 Korea Health Statistics. This study aims to examine dietary habits and nutrient intake depending on breakfast frequency among young women in Seoul. Methods: The subjects were 655 young women in Seoul from August to October 2016, and the survey was performed by using a questionnaire that included general characteristics, dietary habits, and eating behavior. Body composition was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Nutritional status was examined by the 24-hour recall method. Results: The participants were classified by breakfast intake frequency; '${\geq}5times/week$ (n=160)', '1-4 times/week (n=327)', and 'breakfast skipping (n=168)'. The 'breakfast skipping' group had lower frequency and regularity of meals. In addition, the 'breakfast skipping' group had a higher frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. There was no difference in total calories between the 'breakfast skipping' group and other groups, but the 'breakfast skipping' group had significantly low carbohydrate and fiber intakes. The participants showed lower intakes of calories, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, calcium, potassium, and zinc in comparison with recommended intakes. Especially, the 'breakfast skipping' group had significantly lower fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, potassium levels compared to the '${\geq}5times/week$' group. For Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the 'breakfast skipping' group recorded a ratio of 0.60, which was lower than those of other groups. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) including fiber, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus were significantly lower in the breakfast skipper group, compared to the breakfast eater group. Conclusions: The 'breakfast skipping' group showed low regularity of meals and a high frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. The breakfast regular eater group showed high intake of micronutrients and quality of meals was high in general. Skipping breakfast could lower nutrient intake and quality of meals, which requires attention.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

This study has investigated the effect of dietary attitudes on nutritional status of nurses living in Kyungnam province. A total of 249 muses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in this study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using one day 24-hour recall method from November 14 to December 20, in 2001. The data of nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). The subjects were classified as the high score group (17.3 %), medium score group (54.2%), and low score group (28.5%) based on dietary attitude score. The results were as follows: Average age of subjects was 27.1 years old, average nursingexperience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from a junior college. The rate of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar. The average score on dietary attitudes in thehigh score group was 78.8, and those in he medium score group and in the low score group were 58.6 and 40.8 out of 100 points respectively. The average intake of energy (p < 0.001), carbohydrate (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.05), animal protein (p < 0.01), animal fat (p < 0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p < 0.01), vitamin $B_2$ (p < 0.0l), niacin (p < 0.001), Ca (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.001), animal Fe (p < 0.01), P (p < 0.001), and crude fiber (p < 0.00l), were significantly higher in the high score group than those in the medium score group and low score group. In the high score group, the average intake of protein, vitamin $B_1$, niacin, vitamin C and P were above 125% of the Korean RDA, and in medium score group, those of vitamin C and P, and in low score group, that of vitamin C were above 125% of the Korean RDA. In the high score group, nutrient of intake below 75% of the Korean RDA was Ca, and those in medium score group were vitamin $B_2$, Ca, and Fe, and those in low score group were energy, vitamin $B_2$, Ca and Fe. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalanceof 1:2, and that of animal protein/plant protein, and that of animal fat/plant fat were high (1.45-1.64) in all group;. The dietary attitude had a positive correlation (p < 0.00l) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.223-239
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the anthropometric data, serum profiles, nutrient intakes and diet quality of men in their 30s. The subjects were divided into a married group and an unmarried group. For the study, we obtained data for analysis from the combined 2008~2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Mean height and weight of study population were 173.5 cm, and 74.0 kg in the married group and 173.1 cm, and 73.6 kg in the unmarried group, respectively. Systolic blood pressure in the unmarried group was significantly higher than that of the married group (P<0.001), while circulating vitamin D levels in the married group were significantly higher than those of the unmarried group (P<0.001). The proportion of obesity in the two groups was 42.41% and 38.40%, respectively. In the unmarried group, prevalence of depression was significantly higher than that those of the married group. Intakes of energy, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate and calcium in the married group were significantly higher than those of the unmarried group. In both groups, water and fiber intakes were low and sodium intakes were extremely high based on the KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans). The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the married group was higher than that of the unmarried group. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) in the married group was also higher than that of the unmarried group. Therefore, we propose development of dietary guidelines and education programs for improvement of food and nutrient intakes, nutrition balance and dietary quality of unmarried men in their 30s.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.500-511
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the anthropometric data, bone density, serum profiles, nutrient intakes and diet quality of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. For the study, we obtained data for analysis from the combined 2008~2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The height and weight were 157.8 cm and 58.7 kg in premenopausal women and 155.5 cm and 58.3 kg in postmenopausal women, respectively. The obesity rate was 27.49% in premenopausal women and 34.98% in postmenopausal women (p<0.001). Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase in postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those in premenopausal women (p<0.001). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 0.0~0.89% in premenopausal women and 0.48~13.22% in postmenopausal women (p<0.001). In postmenopausal women, rates of hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, depression, and diabetes were significantly higher than those in premenopausal women. Water, fat. ash, sodium, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin intakes in premenopausal women were significantly higher than those in postmenopausal women. Water, fiber, Ca, and, K intakes were below KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans) in both groups. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of premenopausal women was higher than that of postmenopausal women (p<0.001). The index of nutritional quality (INQ) in premenopausal women was also higher than that of postmenopausal women except iron and vitamin C. Therefore dietary guidelines and an education program should be developed for desirable improvement of health, bone density, nutrient status and dietary quality of postmenopausal women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake and anthropometric parameters related to obesity in Korean female adolescents according to dietary diversity score. We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The subjects were 770 female adolescents. Nutrient intakes, Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) ) and Dietary Variety Score (DVS) were derived by using the data from the 24-recall method. The DDS was defined as the number of six food groups (cereals, meats, fruits, vegetables, dairy, fats and oils) consumed. The DVS was defined as the number of food items consumed. The average age of the subjects of the study was 15.02 years and the average height, weight, and BMI were 159.50 cm, 52.58 kg, 20.62 kg/$m^2$, respectively. The energy and nutrients intakes, percent of the recommended intake for nutrients in DDS = 5~6 group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Calcium and vitamin C INQ in DDS = 5~6 group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The average DVS of the subjects was 29.33. The most frequent style of food pattern was CMDFVO (cereals, meats, dairy, fruits, vegetables, fats and oils) = 111011. In conclusion, in healthy Korean female adolescents, food diversity intake variety did beneficially affect the intakes of calcium and vitamin C. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intakes of subjects by quartile of percent energy intake from cooked rice, consumption of cooked rice mixed with multi-grains and to evaluate rice consumption in relation to the risk of metabolic syndrome. The subjects were 5,830 males and females aged between 20~64 years based on 2007-2008 KNHNES data. Levels of percent energy intake from cooked rice were classified into 4 groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 groups: 25% of each) using data of 24-hour recall method from KNHNES. Using medical examination and questionnaire, subjects were classified according to diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. The subjects with higher age, being married, lower education, lower economic level were more likely to take higher percent energy intake from cooked rice. Quartile Q3 of percent energy intake from cooked rice tended to show higher Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) for fiber, calcium, iron, potassium and vitamin A. INQ of protein, dietary fiber, calcium, thiamin, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C by consumption of cooked rice mixed with multi-grains was higher than that by consumption of cooked white rice when adjusted for age. No association with a risk for metabolic syndrome was found for quartile of percent energy intake from cooked rice or cooked rice mixed with multi-grains compared to cooked white rice after adjusting for energy, gender, age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, income and physical activity. In conclusion, consumption of over 54% energy intake from cooked rice or only cooked white rice showed relatively low INQs, but was not associated with a higher risk for metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.515-525
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 시리얼 판매 회사의 홈페이지 내 영양정보를 사용하여 시중에 판매되고 있는 24종의 시리얼에 함유된 영양성분 평가를 진행하였다. 또한 2013 ~ 2016년 국민건강영양조사 자료의 식품섭취빈도조사 결과에 근거하여 사용하여 우리나라 19 ~ 64세 성인 12,199명 (남자 5,127명, 여자 7,072명)에서 시리얼의 섭취 빈도, 1회 평균 섭취량을 파악 후 시리얼 섭취 여부에 따른 기본 특성 비교, 영양소 섭취 상태를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 시리얼 24종에서 시리얼 30 g의 평균 열량 함유량은 118.29 kcal였으며, 시리얼 30 g과 흰우유 200 mL를 함께 섭취할 경우 30 ~ 49세 남성은 열량 필요추정량 대비 10.35%, 30 ~ 49세 여성은 13.07%를 섭취할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 우리나라 19세 이상 성인의 20.4%가 1달에 1회 이상 시리얼을 섭취하고 있었으며, 1회 섭취량은 $1{\frac{1}{2}}$대접이 54.6%로 대부분의 대상자가 1회 평균 1대접 이상의 시리얼을 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 성별 시리얼 섭취 여부에 따른 기본 특성을 분석한 결과 시리얼을 섭취하는 군에서 체질량지수 $25kg/m^2$ 이상인 비만 비율이 비섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며, 아침식사 빈도가 유의적으로 높았고, 영양의 질적 지수가 1 이상인 영양소의 개수가 더 많은 결과를 보여, 우리나라 성인에서 시리얼의 섭취와 영양섭취 상태와의 관계에 대한 의미있는 기초결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 앞으로도 시리얼의 섭취가 영양 및 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 체계적인 연구가 함께 수반되어야 할 것으로 생각된다

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.232-244
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• 2019

본 연구는 제 6기 국민건강영양조사(2013~2014년) 자료를 이용하여 19세 이상 성인의 가구원수별 가구원의 영양섭취 및 대사증후군 구성요소의 분포와 대사증후군 유병율을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과에서 식생활 및 영양섭취상태, 대사증후군 발생은 가구원수에 따라 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 건강관련 삶의 질을 종합적으로 제시하는 지표인 EQ-5D 지수는 1인 가구에서 0.879, 2인 가구 0.927, 3인 이상 가구에서는 0.934로 1인 가구에서 가장 낮은 삶의 질 지수를 나타냈고 2인 및 3인 이상 가구와는 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.001). INQ 값이 1 미만인 영양소는 조섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨, 리보플라빈, 비타민 C로 권장량을 충족하지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며 가구원수별로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 1인 가구에서 단백질, 조섬유, 칼슘, 인, 칼륨, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 나이아신, 비타민 C의 INQ는 2인 및 3인 이상 가구에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타나 1인 가구의 영양섭취가 질적으로 좋지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 식사의 전반적인 질을 나타내는 MAR은 1인 가구 0.78, 2인 가구 0.83, 3인 이상 가구 0.82로 나타나 1인 가구가 2인 가구, 3인 이상 가구와 비교할 때 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.001). 1인 가구 대상자의 37.2%가 대사증후군을 나타내었고 2인 가구 35.1%, 3인 이상 가구에서는 25.8%로서 가구원수별로 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 본 연구에서는 전국 규모의 대표성을 지닌 국가조사인 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 1인 가구의 식생활 및 영양섭취상태를 분석하여 그 특성을 파악하였다. 최근 1인 가구가 크게 증가되고 가구원수가 다양화되는 시점에서 가구원수별 구성원의 영양섭취에 대한 특성을 분석하여 제시한 것은 가정의 형태와 환경 변화에 적합한 맞춤형 식생활 교육의 근거로 활용할 수 있는 의의가 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2020

연구에 참여한 우간다 초등학교 2곳 학생들이 평소 식사섭취패턴을 유지한다면 향후 학생들의 영양불량이 염려되므로 빠른 시일 내 효과적인 영양중재프로그램이 실시될 필요가 있다. 우간다 자국민의 미량영양소 섭취결핍 문제는 본 연구 대상들에게서도 심각성이 확인되어 성장기에 바람직한 건강과 영양 상태를 유지하기 위해 비타민과 무기질 섭취 및 식사다양성을 향상시킬 수 있는 영양 강화 급식이 제공될 필요가 있다. 지역별 대상자들의 식사섭취패턴의 차이는 시장 접근성, 우간다 기후에 따른 재배가능 농작물과 자급률 등 환경적 요소와 사회경제학적 요인으로 인해 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으므로 본 사업 전 예비조사를 통해 마을공동체의 토속적 식생활패턴과 영양상태 문제점 등을 파악하는 것이 효과적인 중재계획을 설정하는데 도움이 되리라 사료된다. 이와 함께 지역별 인프라 및 식품 유통망의 특징 및 지역농작물의 자급수준도 면밀히 조사가 시행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 마지막으로 국제개발원조사업의 지속가능성을 고려하여 급식중재 메뉴에 다양한 현지 식품과 지역농작물을 적극적으로 활용하는 등 '선 순환적 네트워크'를 구축하도록 다양한 방법을 적용해야할 것으로 사료된다. 이를 통해 여전히 국제원 조사업의 수혜자적 측면에서 소외계층이라 사료되는 초등학교 학생들에게 효과적인 급식개선 중재사업은 인도주의적 차원의 서비스로도 적용되어 학생의 출석률 및 진학률을 높이고 중퇴율과 퇴학률 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 주어 우간다 초등교육 여건 향상에 기여하리라 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intake and diet quality of postmenopausal osteoporotic women to those of control subjects, and to investigate the relationship among diet quality and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. In this study, we classified the subjects into the postmenopausal osteoporotic women (n =38) and control (n = 43) according to their lumbar spine bone mineral density and age. Dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements and dietary quality indices were measured and evaluated. The average age of osteoporotic and control group were 60.4 yrs and 58.3 yrs, respectively and there was no significant difference. Body weight, body mass index of osteoporotic group were significantly lower than those of control group. The average energy intake of osteoporotic and control group were 1243.3 kcal and 1475.8 kcal, respectively and there was a significant difference. The osteoporotic group consumed significantly lower quantities of protein, plant protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1,\;vitamin\;B_2$, folate, vitamin C, calcium, animal calcium, plant calcium, iron and zinc compared to the control group. The osteoporotic group consumed significantly lower of food, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits intakes compared to the control group. In the diet quality, protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1,\;vitamin\;B_2$, folate, vitamin C, calcium, iron, Zinc nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of osteoporotic group were significantly lower than that of control group. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of osteoporotic and control group were 0.63 and 0.78, respectively and there was significant difference. To evaluate nutrient density, Index of nutritional quality (INQ) was calculated by dividing nutrient content per 1,000 kcal of diet with RDA per 1,000 kcal. The average dietary variety score (DVS) of osteoporotic and control group were 22.4 and 33.2, respectively and there was significant difference. DVSs of pulses (p<0.01), seeds (p<0.01) and vegetables (p<0.05) in osteoporotic group were significantly lower than those of the control. In conclusion, postmenopausal osteoporotic women had lower protein, vitamin A, folate, vitamin C, calcium, iron zinc intake quality and vegetables, mushrooms, fruits DVSs than those of the control. Therefore, to promote skeletal health enough energy and food should be consumed, and the maintenance of vitamin and mineral balance by increasing of vitamin A, folate, vitamin C, calcium, iron of intakes are very important.