• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2005

This research focused on studying the phenomena of activity injuries occurred in military service, the object of which is soldiering soldiers in army. I made a inquiry paper including 6 items such as injury frequency, athletic event when you are injured, injury pattern, injury part in body and injury time according to military classes, and distributed it to elected 421 soldiers, the number of which is the total number of injured soldiers having time for physical activities in a year(last 2002 year). The results were as follows ; First, Injury frequency was according to private middle classes, private second classes, private last classes, private first classes. Second, Athletic event when you are injured was according to soccer, basketball, running and Martial Art(Taekwondo). 1) An abrasion was the most injury pattern when playing soccer. 2) A sprain was the most injury pattern when playing basketball. Third, Most causes of injuries dued to his / her carelessness, which is his / her excessive greed to win. Fourth, The most injury pattern was a skin abrasion. Fifth, The most injury part in body was a leg. Sixth, There was the most injury in summer. Wednesday on week, especially afternoon when you have time for physical to improve your battle-power.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was aimed to investigate the effect of knowledge and competence of first aid treatment among middle school students after the education on the injury treatment. Methods : The study design was randomized pretest and post-test control group nonsynchronized design. Study subjects were 32 3rd-grade students of Y middle school in P city and 34 3rd-grade students of M middle school in P city in this research. Among two 3rd-grade classes, one classes were randomly assigned to experimental group (32 students) and two were control group (34 students). The intervention for experimental group was providing five-time 45-minute injury treatment education. Results : 1. The First hypothesis : After intervention on the injury treatment education, knowledge of injury treatment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-6.480, p<.001). 2. The Second hypothesis : After intervention on the injury treatment education, competence of injury treatment in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-15.121, p<.001). Conclusion : These findings suggest that the injury treatment education can facilitate knowledge of injury treatment, competence of injury treatment in the middle school student. Therefore, it is considered that the injury treatment education can be utilized as a effective way to implement the 7th nation curriculum.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2019

Spinal cord contusion injury is one of the most serious nervous system disorders, characterized by high morbidity and disability. To mimic spinal cord contusion in humans, various animal models of spinal contusion injury have been developed. These models have been developed in rats, mice, and monkeys. However, most of these models are developed using rats. Two types of animal models, i.e. bilateral contusion injury and unilateral contusion injury models, are developed using either a weight drop method or impactor method. In the weight drop method, a specific weight or a rod, having a specific weight and diameter, is dropped from a specific height on to the exposed spinal cord. Low intensity injury is produced by dropping a 5 g weight from a height of 8 cm, moderate injury by dropping 10 g weight from a height of 12.5-25 mm, and high intensity injury by dropping a 25 g weight from a height of 50 mm. In the impactor method, injury is produced through an impactor by delivering a specific force to the exposed spinal cord area. Mild injury is produced by delivering $100{\pm}5kdyn$ of force, moderate injury by delivering $200{\pm}10kdyn$ of force, and severe injury by delivering $300{\pm}10kdyn$ of force. The contusion injury produces a significant development of locomotor dysfunction, which is generally evident from the $0-14^{th}$ day of surgery and is at its peak after the $28-56^{th}$ day. The present review discusses different animal models of spinal contusion injury.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2023

Background: Massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are complicated by muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and intramuscular fatty degeneration, which are associated with postoperative tendon-to-bone healing failure and poor clinical outcomes. We evaluated muscle and enthesis changes in large tears with or without suprascapular nerve (SN) injury in a rat model. Methods: Sixty-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into SN injury (+) and SN injury (-) groups (n=31 each), comprising tendon (supraspinatus [SSP]/infraspinatus [ISP]) and nerve resection and tendon resection only cases, respectively. Muscle weight measurement, histological evaluation, and biomechanical testing were performed 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Ultrastructural analysis with block face imaging was performed 8 weeks postoperatively. Results: SSP/ISP muscles in the SN injury (+) group appeared atrophic, with increased fatty tissue and decreased muscle weight, compared to those in the control and SN injury (-) groups. Immunoreactivity was only positive in the SN injury (+) group. Myofibril arrangement irregularity and mitochondrial swelling severity, along with number of fatty cells, were higher in the SN injury (+) group than in the SN injury (-) group. The bone-tendon junction enthesis was firm in the SN injury (-) group; this was atrophic and thinner in the SN injury (+) group, with decreased cell density and immature fibrocartilage. Mechanically, the tendon-bone insertion was significantly weaker in the SN injury (+) group than in the control and SN injury (+) groups. Conclusions: In clinical settings, SN injury may cause severe fatty changes and inhibition of postoperative tendon healing in large RCTs. Level of evidence: Level Basic research, controlled laboratory study.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2023

Background: Injury is one of the major health problems in South Korea. Few studies have evaluated both intentional and unintentional injury when investigating the association between exposure to air pollutants and injury. Objectives: We aimed to explore the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and years of life lost (YLLs) due to injury. Methods: Data on daily YLLs for 2002~2019 were obtained from the the Death Statistics Database of the Korean National Statistical Office. This study estimated short-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 ㎛ (PM₁₀), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 ㎛ (PM_2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃). This time series study was conducted using a generalized additive model (GAM) assuming a Gaussian distribution. We also evaluated a delayed effect of ambient air pollution by constructing a lag structure up to seven days. The best-fitting lag was selected based on smallest generalized cross validation (GCV) value. To explore effect modification by intentionality of injury (i.e., intentional injury [self-harm, assault] and unintentional injury), we conducted stratified subgroup analyses. Additionally, we stratified unintentional injury by mechanism (traffic accident, fall, etc.). Results: During the study period, the average daily YLLs due to injury was 307.5 years. In the intentional injury, YLLs due to self-harm and assault showed positive association with air pollutants. In the unintentional injury, YLLs due to fall, electric current, fire and poisoning showed positive association with air pollutants, whereas YLLs due to traffic accident, mechanical force and drowning/submersion showed negative associations with air pollutants. Conclusions: Injury is recognized as preventable, and effective strategies to create a safe society are important. Therefore, we need to establish strategies to prevent injury and consider air pollutants in this regard.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2012

Purpose: The arterial base deficit and the serum lactate level are widely recognized indicators of injury severity, adequacy of resuscitation and outcome. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the arterial base deficit as an injury-severity indicator in multiple-trauma patients with head injuries. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from trauma patients over 18 years of age who had been admitted at the emergency center between October 2005 and July 2006. The patients were divided into head-injury and non-head-injury groups. These patients were then sub-divided into minor ($$ISS{\leq_-}15$$)-injury and major ($$ISS{\geq_-}16$$)-injury groups according to their injury severity scores (ISS). We analyzed the differences in the base deficits and the serum lactate levels between the major- and the minor-injury sub-groups in both the head-injury and the non-head-injury groups. Results: In the non-head-injury group, we found statistically significant differences in the arterial base deficit between the major-injury and the minor-injury sub-groups($-6.86{\pm}2.40mmol/L$ vs. $-1.37{\pm}0.73mmol/L$, p=0.010). In the head-injury group, no significant differences were noted between the two sub-groups($-2.50{\pm}1.28mmol/L$ vs. $-1.51{\pm}0.74mmol/L$, p=0.897). Moreover, the differences in arterial base deficit between the major-injury and the minor-injury sub-groups were not significant both for either single-head-trauma or multiple-head-trauma patients (p=0.643 vs. p=0.832). Conclusion: We conclude that neither the arterial base deficit nor the serum lactate level can be used to predict injury severity in multiple-trauma patients with head injuries.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.22-26
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• 2012

Prasad and Mertz published head injury risk curves for skull fracture and for Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ${\geq}4$ brain injury due to forehead impacts based on the 15 ms HIC criterion. KNCAP adopted the HIC36 criterion for the male dummy and the HIC15 criterion for the female dummy. In this paper, it was studied that which of the HIC15 and HIC36 was more effective for the male dummy head injury evaluation. The frontal US-NCAP data for the 7 vehicles from the NHTSA test database were used to evaluate the head injuries. In the case of using the HIC15 and evaluation range 250~700, the discrimination of the rating for the occupant head injury was increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.545-553
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyse consumer injury and to find current status of industrial consumer injury in the field of consumer product. Also the subject under analysis is to develop a design guidance for the consumer product safety. we used consulting data of Korea Consumer Protection Board, Korea Product Liability Consulting Center and referred to statistic data of Korea National Statistical Office. Consumer injury data of Korea is insufficient comparing with leading industrialized nations. Therefore, we categorized hazard factors based on current injury data in Korea instead of analysing injury data statistically. And we analyse the hazard factors using the analytic hierarchy process in this study. Through the results, we defined the Consumer Injury Index(CII) to develop a design guidance for the consumer product safety.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.146-148
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• 2017

Concurrent injury of medial malleolus and deltoid ligament is difficult to occur considering the injury mechanism. When the concurrent injury comes about, the deltoid ligament injury could be missed and it may lead to medial ankle instability. There are few reported cases of the concurrent injury and domestic case of concurrent failure of both structures over the medial side has been reported just once; however, the injury mechanism is different from this case. The authors report a case of medial malleolus fracture with deltoid ligament rupture following pronation injury with a review of necessity of repairing deltoid ligament for ankle stability.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.287-290
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• 2012

Cardiac rupture after blunt trauma is very rare and caval injury is even rarer. However, cardiac rupture after blunt trauma is associated with very high mortality and can occur without a high speed collision or severe thoracic injury. Symptoms are not expressed in all patients in the early stage, so the condition is easily overlooked if patients have an associated injury, minimal thoracic injury or relatively stable vital signs. We report the successful management of two cases of vena caval injury after blunt trauma with slight thoracic injury.