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한국형 고속전철용 통합 신호시스템의 설계 및 구축 (Design and Construction of Integrated Signalling System for Next-generation High-Speed Train)

  • 황종규;이종우;조용기;류호중
    • 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국철도학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.467-472
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    • 2002
  • The railway signal ing system consists of several vital computerized equipments. Now the project for development of signal ing system for the next-general ion high-speed train is progressed according to the consortium. The developing signal ing system by this project, kTCS(Korean Train Control System), is composed of kTCS-CTC, kTCS-IXL, kTCS-ATC and etc. The KTCS signaling has to be operated as a integrated system by interface between each signaling. To achieve these, communicat ion protocols between each signal ing have to be designed and message codes are defined. In this paper the configuration of integrated kTCS system and designed communication protocol is presented.

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SWMM-ING 소프트웨어를 이용한 대규모 도시개발부지에 대한 저영향개발 시나리오 설계 (Low Impact Development Scenario Designing for Large-scale Urban Development using SWMM-ING Software)

  • 우원희;이한용;최현석;박윤식
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.304-304
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    • 2021
  • 도시화가 진행됨에 따라 불투수지역이 늘어나는 등 개발전과 다른 지표 및 지표하 유출이 나타나며, 이러한 변화는 생태적, 수문학적으로 대규모 변화가 나타나는 것을 의미한다. 이에 따라 물관리, 물순환 등 물 지속 가능성은 대중의 관심을 받아 법, 제도가 변화하며 도시화에 대한 세심한 접근과 관리에 대한 계획이 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 저영향개발(Low Impact Development)은 이러한 도시화로 인해 발생될 수 있는 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안의 하나로 제안되고 있으며 첨두 및 유출총량을 완화하여 개발 이전 상태의 수문학적 기능을 유지하거나 물리학 및 생물학적 기작을 통해 오염물질의 저감효과도 나타나 대규모 도시개발 및 유역관리 사업에서 저영향개발기법의 적용이 점차 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 그러나 저영향개발기법 설치에 관한 구체적인 매뉴얼 또는 가이드라인이 부족한 실정이기 때문에 저영향개발기법이 계획단계에서 양적으로 무분별하게 적용되어 비용적 측면에서 시공자에게 부담을 가중시키는 등의 문제가 발생한다. 또한 시설의 위치에 따라 강우유출수 및 비점오염원 저감에 대한 효과가 상이하기 때문에 시설의 적정 위치선정 및 시설용량, 경제성을 고려한 시설효과 검토 등 저영향개발기법 적용시 사업부지 특성에 따른 최적화를 고려하여 계획 및 설계에 적용할 필요성이 있다. 이에 비용적 측면을 고려한 최적설계가 가능한 SWMM-ING(Storm Water Management Model - Low impact development desigN proGram)을 개발된 바 있다. SWMM-ING은 비전문가도 사용이 가능하도록 저영향개발기법 최적화과정이 간단하고 직관적이며 비용을 고려한 최적설계가 가능하도록 개발된 소프트웨어로 기법 적용시 개략적인 비용추정 및 배치선정 등 저영향개발기법의 설계최적화가 가능하다. 또한 각각의 저영향개발기법에 대한 초기설치비용, 유지관리비용, 이자율, 기대수명, 대상지역 내 공간적 위치를 반영하여 강우유출수 및 비점오염저감효과를 시나리오별로 제시가 가능한 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SWMM-ING를 이용하여 대규모 도시개발부지의 저영향개발기법 적용에 따른 유량 및 수질저감효과를 평가하고 유지관리비를 포함한 비용을 추정하여 최적설계 검토를 수행하였다.

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청조의 용포소고 (Ch'ing Dragon Robes)

  • 박춘순;김재임
    • 복식
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    • 제50권3호
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    • pp.59-72
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    • 2000
  • Dragon robe was defined as a robe on which the principal design consisted of dragon. Dragon patterns have been used on princess robes during T'and Dynasty. In Sung, Dragon-figured robes seem to have an Imperial prerogative. Yuan took over the use of robes with dragons patterns as a definite institition. Ming tried to reject all Yuan innovations, the dragon robe was retained as an unofficial court costume. The Emperor's semiformal robes which at first had four dragon medallions, later had twelve along with the 12 Symbols(십이장문). As Ch'ing dragon robes were only intended fro semiformal use. The Later Ch'ing robes date from after 1719, when the Ch'ien-lung(건륭) introduced 12 Symbols on Ch'ing robes. The Ch'ien-lung laws were disobeyed, notably the ones that specified the number of claws on the dragons. THe Emperor's dragon robe, lung-p'ao, (용포) was described as bright yellow in color, having four slits and horsefoof cuffs. The basic pattern consisted of nin dragons, in addition it had 12 Symbols. The elaborate textile techniques reached their peak in Ch'ing Dynasty-with its Weaving and Dyeing Office in Peking, and this factories at Hangchow(항주), Soochow(소주), and Naking(남경) -helps to explain why the decay of the Ch'ing bureaucracy hastended the decline of dragon robes. In the Ch'ing Dynasty tow terms were used for dragon robe, depending on the number of claws on the dragons. Those with five-clawed dragons were called lung-p'ao, while those with four-clawed dragons were called mang-p'ao(망포). The Court felt compelled to take corrective meausres. It decreeed that Ninisters of State and other officials, who had been bestowed five-clawed lung dragons, must take out one claw. Finally, the sale of ranks and the attendant privilege of wearing dragon robes gradually increased during the 18 th century, reaching its height in the 19 th century, Finally, after the Taiping Rebellion, when the Imperial Treasury was depleted by the wholesale destruction of revenue-producing lands, the Chinese government came to depend on such sales as an important source of revenue and the practice became even more widespread. The ensuing mass production of dragon robes, and the necessity of conforming to the fairly rigid basic pattern established in 1759, resulted in marked deterioration of workmanship, and a comparative monotony of decoration. The patterns on the dragon robes slight changes continued to be made in the ways of representign them. The li shui (입수) portion at the base of the robe become inreasingly wider throughout the 19th century. The background became cluttered with symbols of good fortune, scattered among the clouds and waves. As a result of all this extraneous decoration, the dragons were so crowded that they had to shrink back into the small size that they had originally occupied in the medallons. Kuang-hsu(광저) was a long one, allowing time for the manufacture of numerous robes. Also, it would seem likely that Occidental museums and collections would have a considerable number of his robes, in view of the widespread looting of his palaces during the Allied occupation of Peking in 1900, and the frequent sales of Late Ch'ing imperial textiles by destitute Manchu courtiers in the '20's.

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"홍루몽"에 나타난 청대복식 연구 (A Study on the Costume of Ch'ing Dynasty in "Dream of the Read Chamber")

  • 나해연;전혜숙
    • 복식
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    • 제24권
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    • pp.59-82
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    • 1995
  • All kinds of art are the creatures of the daly and reflect the society and the life of the day in literary works. So, in which literary works, we can find the styles of those who lived in the specified days. And the styles of its character's costume are expressed with the day'mood and cultural backgrounds. In this study, we studied on the general meaning, which was shown in the Costume of early Ch'ing Dynasty that was forming the Costume of dress through dividing into the underwear and the outer garment in $\ulcorner$Dream of the read Chamber$\lrcorner$. During the Ch'ing Dynasty, according to the rule : Men followed it but women not" , they held on to the costume of them (both the Man and the Han) with a high pressure and a conciliatory policy. As a result, I have known that there is the Soojean clothe(수전의), which is the late Myung Dynasty's one and their is also Skirt (군), which held on the Costume of the Myung's. Hence in the Ch'ing , there are a lot of difference in the Costume , the economy and the politic because the ruler was not the han but the Ch'ing. Those characters are as follows. first, on the side of the style , it is occured in the coat and the over jacket of the round neckline. The style of the sleeves are also the tightly(고착). Second, on the side o f the material, the use of the furs are found. It seems that are influence of the north area. Third, it is involved not the traditional Costume of the Han, but the over jacket(which is waistlength), These characters had taken root into the Costume of the Ch'ing Dynasty. In case of the jacket, which are found in the novel most frequently , it was represented by the tight jacket (소오), the long jacket (대오), the short jacket(단오) and the Sam (삼). The skirt was used by women only. the Slacks were trousers only for men, so it was not foujnd in the women's wear. In the vest, the over jacket and coat, which are for putting on, its material, insiqnia and varied embroidery are very brillant and elaborate. The used materials are the silks , furs, wools and cottons. Among the dick silks are used most frequently . in case of the over jacket, the precious and varied furs are used for the collar, the sleeve or the decoration and the lining cloth. In the novel, mean followd the Costume of the Man and women followed the Costume of the Han. Especially, it is a special costume that there were women in male attire. Finally, the costume of the Ch'ing had built the unique one with holding on the advantage and the short point s of the northen race and the Han's. Also , I can find the brilliant , eleborate Customes of the aristocratic class in the novel.

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액체로켓엔진의 성능특성 연구 (Experimental Study on Performance Characteristics of Liquid Rocket Engine)

  • 장행수;이성웅;조용호;우유철
    • 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국추진공학회 2003년도 제20회 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.211-217
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    • 2003
  • 액체산소와 액화천연가스를 이용한 재생냉각 액체로켓엔진의 특성을 실험적인 방법으로 고찰하였다. 추진제의 상에 따른 재생냉각효과를 규명하기 위하여 물냉각, 천연가스냉각 그리고 액화천연가스 냉각방식 각각에 대해 일련의 시험을 수행하였다 연소실 압력과 혼합비에 따른 연소특성과 연소성능 변화를 고찰하였으며, 연료의 조성변화와 재생냉각에 따른 연료 엔탈피 변화에 따른 액체로켓 엔진의 성능변화를 파악하였다. 시험결과 이론혼합비의 70∼75% 값을 가지는 혼합비에서 최대 특성 속도가 발생하였으며, 연소성능을 나타내는 chamber coefficient는 0.952∼0.98의 값을 보였다.

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그린인프라시설의 탄소저감을 위한 SWMM-ING 개선 및 적용성 평가 (Improvement and application of SWMM-ING for carbon reduction in green infrastructure)

  • 이영준;이채영
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.335-345
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    • 2023
  • In Korea, as part of the Green New Deal project toward a carbon-neutral society, it is necessary to build a climate-resilient urban environment to green the city, space, and living infrastructure. To this end, SWMM-ING was improved and the model was modified to analyze the carbon reduction effect. In addition, I plan to select target watersheds where urbanization is rapidly progressing and evaluate runoff, non-point pollution, and carbon reduction effects to conduct cost estimation and optimal design review for domestic rainwater circulation green infrastructure. In this study, green infrastructure facilities were selected using SWMM-ING. Various scenarios were presented considering the surface area and annual cost of each green infrastructure facility, and The results show that the scenario derived through the APL2 method was selected as the optimal scenario. In this optimal scenario, a total facility area of 190,517.5 m2 was applied to 7 out of 30 subwatersheds to achieve the target reduction. The target reduction amount was calculated a 23.50 % reduction in runoff and a 26.99 % reduction in pollutant load. Additionally, the annual carbon absorption was analyzed and found to be 385,521 kg/year. I aim to achieve additional carbon reduction effects by achieving the goal of reducing runoff and non-point pollution sources and analyzing annual carbon absorption. Moreover, considering the scale-up of these interventions across the basin, it is believed that an objective assessment of economic viability can be conducted.

임베디드 플래시 파일 시스템을 위한 플레인 지움 정책 (A Plain Cleaning Policy for Imbedded Flash File System)

  • 이태훈;이상기;정기동
    • 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보과학회 2005년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.32 No.2 (1)
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    • pp.778-780
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    • 2005
  • 최근 디지털 융합(Digital Convergence)이 활발히 진행되면서 이동형 장치(Mobile Device)는 더욱 대용량, 고성능화 되고 비휘발성 메모리 요구가 커지고 있다. 이에 휴대가 용이하여, 접근시간이 빠르고, 전력소비가 적은 플래시 메모리가 많이 사용되고 있으나 상대적으로 느린 지움 시간과 지움 횟수의 한계 등 극복해야할 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 플레인 지움 정책을 제안하고 성능평가를 실시한다. 제안하는 플레인 지움 정책은 기존의 지움 정책과 같이 플래시의 블록단위의 균등한 사용을 고려할 뿐만 아니라 임베디드 시스템의 제한된 성능을 고려하여 연산을 최소화한다. 제안된 방법은 Greedy, Cost-benefit 방법에 비해 Wear-leveling에서 성능을 향상시켰고, RCP(Ranked Cleaning Policy)에 비해 연산횟수를 감소시켰다.

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