• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.936-940
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• 2005

IMML(Inorganic metal multi-layer) was used as cathode in the OLED devices to reduce the reflectance or ITO and increase the contrast ratio. Device structure was $ITO/{\alpha}-NPD/Alq_3:DCJTB/Alq_3/IMML/Al$. $Alq_3$ and DCJTB (4 - (dicyanomethylene) - 2 - ( 1 - propyls) 6 - methy 4H - pyrans) as host material lot red emission and red emitting guest material. IMML made three different layer: thin aluminum layer, aluminum layer doped with silicon monoxide, thick aluminum layer. The red OLED device with IMML showed the average reflectance of $4.97\%$, and then normal OLED with or without polarizer showed the average reflectance of $4.55\%$, $46\%$ at visible range from 380 nm to 780 nm. The brightness of OLED with IMML at 13 V was 5557 $cd/m^2$, and that of normal OLED with polarizer was 4872 $cd/m^2$. IMML could be the substitution for polarizer with same reflection, low cost, easy process in flat panel display market.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.530-532
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• 2008

Inorganic metal multi-layer(IMML) consisting of Al/Al:SiO/Al was developed as a cathode for OLED to reduce the reflectance generated from ambient light. Device structure of green OLED was ITO/2-TNATA/$\alpha$-NPD/$Alq_3$:C545T/Balq/$Alq_3$/LiF/IMML and IMML was composed of three different layers: thin aluminum layer, aluminum layer doped with silicon monoxide and thick aluminum layer. Average reflectance of green OLED was 9.63% while that of conventional OLED with or without polarizer showed the average reflectance of 8.54% and 66% respectively at visible range from 380 nm to 780 nm.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 1990

This paper presents a new algorithm of contingency analysis and countermeasure to alleviate the line overloads for electric power systems. In this algorithm, the inverse matrix of the new Jacobian matrix when a contingency occurs, in fastly calculated using the house-holder's Inverse Matrix Modification Lamma (IMML) with the original factor table. The generation outputs are firstly adjusted to alleviate all line overloads occurred by the contingency without tripping loads. If the generation adjustment is not enough anymore to alleviate line overloads, then the control of bus injection power is recommended to quickly alleviate remaining overloads with minimum amount of load tripping and generation read-justing at the termination busbars of the overload lines. The proposed algorithm has been validated in tests on the 6 busbar test system.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.787-790
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• 2009

High contrast red, green and blue organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated using inorganic metal multi layer composed of thin Al, KCl and thick Al and then were compared to optical and electrical characteristics with the attached polarizer and conventional OLEDs. Ambient light reflection of OLED using inorganic metal layer, polarizer and conventional metal layer were 29.2, 31.1 and 82.5% respectively. Optical characteristics of OLEDs using inorganic metal layer were max luminescence of 13040 cd/m2 and luminous efficiency of 2.12 cd/A at 8V whereas OLEDs using polarizer has 8456 cd/m2 and 1.43 cd/A at 8V each. OLEDs including inorganic metal multi layers show significant technical advantages in achieving high performance of OLED display with improved contrast ratio of 251:1, specifically in Red OLED.