• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

Recombinant interleukin-2(IL-2) has demonstrated as an antineoplastic agent in mice and human, but the relatively low response rates observed in clinical trials. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate therapeutic activities of IL-2 for the establishment of therapeutic applications. At the onset of the experiment, normal C3H/HeN mice were injected with 5$\times$10$\^$6/ RD-995 tumor cells, murine ultraviolet radiation-induced fibrosarcoma, intraperitoneally. Beginning on day 6, experimental groups were treated with a 5-day course of IL-2(subcutaneous injection of 30,000 IU every 12 hours for 5 days). The result of this experiment revealed that body weight gradually decreased from 20th day in control mice. Subcutaneous IL-2 therapy prevented partially decrease body weight, and prolonged survival of mice compared with control group.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.864-874
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• 2023

Natural killer (NK) cell dysfunctions against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a hypoxic environment. Many solid tumors are present in a hypoxic condition, which changes the effector function of various immune cells. The transcription of hypoxic-inducible factors (HIFs) in cancer cells make it possible to adapt to their hypoxic environment and to escape the immune surveillance of NK cells. Recently, the correlation between the transcription of HIF-1α and pro-inflammatory cytokines has been reported. Interleukin (IL)-6 is higher in cancers with a highly invasive ability, and is closely related to the metastasis of cancers. This study showed that the expression of HIF-1α in HCC cells was associated with the presence of IL-6 in the environment of HCC-NK cells. Blocking of IL-6 by antibody in the HCC-NK interaction changed the production of several cytokines including TGF-β, IL-1, IL-18 and IL-21. Interestingly, in a co-culture of HIF-1α-expressed HCC cells and NK cells, blocking of IL-6 increased the production of IL-21 in their supernatants. In addition, the absence of IL-6 significantly enhanced the cytotoxic ability and the expression of the activating receptors (NKG2D, NKp44, and NKG2C) in NK cells to HIF-1α-expressed HCC cells. These effects might be made by the decreased expression of HIF-1α in HCC cells through the inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3. In conclusion, the absence of IL-6 in the interaction of HIF-1α-expressed HCC cells and NK cells could enhance the antitumor activity of NK cells to HCC cells.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2023

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) may secrete hormones or bioactive neuropeptides such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which can mask the clinical manifestations of catecholamine hypersecretion. We report the case of a patient with delayed diagnosis of paraganglioma due to the development of IL-6-mediated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A 58-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and flank pain accompanied by SIRS and acute cardiac, kidney, and liver injuries. A left paravertebral mass was incidentally observed on abdominal computed tomography (CT). Biochemical tests revealed increased 24-hour urinary metanephrine (2.12 mg/day), plasma norepinephrine (1,588 pg/mL), plasma normetanephrine (2.27 nmol/L), and IL-6 (16.5 pg/mL) levels. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT showed increased uptake of FDG in the left paravertebral mass without metastases. The patient was finally diagnosed with functional paraganglioma crisis. The precipitating factor was unclear, but phendimetrazine tartrate, a norepinephrine-dopamine release drug that the patient regularly took, might have stimulated the paraganglioma. The patient's body temperature and blood pressure were well controlled after alpha-blocker administration, and the retroperitoneal mass was surgically resected successfully. After surgery, the patient's inflammatory, cardiac, renal, and hepatic biomarkers and catecholamine levels improved. In conclusion, our report emphasizes the importance of IL-6-producing PPGLs in the differential diagnosis of SIRS.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1996

정신분열증에서 interleukin의 변화는 그 질환에서의 면역학적 가설의 부가적인 증거로 제시되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 quantitative "sandwich" ELISA 법을 이용하여 26명의 정신분열증 환자를 대상으로 연령을 상응시킨 정상대조군과 비교해 IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 농도의 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 또한 정신분열증 환자에서 IL농도와 양성증상 및 음성증상, 연령, 유병기간 등의 임상변인과의 상관관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 정신분열증군이 정상대조군보다 IL-2 농도의 유의한 중가를 나타내었으며, IL-$1{\beta}$와 IL-6는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 정신분열증군에서 IL-2, IL-6와 음성증상간의 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 본 연구는 정신분열증의 연역학적 가설을 지지하고 있으며, IL은 정신분열증의 음성증상에 관련된다고 생각된다. 앞으로 국내에서도 이러한 환자들의 임상적 특징, 진단, 치료에 관심을 갖아야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7357-7362
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• 2014

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a central proinflammatory cytokine, maintains immune homeostasis and also plays important roles in cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate any associations of IL-6 gene polymorphisms at positions -174 and -572 with predisposition to cervical cancer in a Chinese population. The present hospital-based case-control study comprised 518 patients with cervical cancer and 518 healthy controls. Polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Patients with cervical cancer had a significantly higher frequency of the IL-6 -174 CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) =1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-2.19; p=0.02], IL-6 -572 CC genotype (OR =1.91, 95% CI = 1.16-3.13; p=0.01) and IL-6 -174 C allele (OR =1.21, 95% CI = 1.02-1.44; p=0.03) compared to healthy controls. When stratifying by the FIGO stage, patients with III-IV cervical cancer had a significantly higher frequency of IL-6 -174 CC genotype (OR =1.64, 95% CI =1.04-2.61; p=0.04). The CC genotypes of the IL-6 gene polymorphisms at positions -174 and -572 may confer a high risk of cervical cancer. Additional studies with detailed human papillomavirus (HPV) infection data are warranted to validate our findings.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-31
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• 2008

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the IL-1B (interleukin-1) gene have been implicated in a variety of diseases that have an inflammatory component. However, there has been significant heterogeneity among study results, especially between Caucasian and Asian populations. Recently, it has been reported that SNPs in the IL-1B gene affect transcription, according to haplotype context, and genetic association studies may be more informative if functional SNP haplotypes of population are analyzed. Therefore, we estimated the distribution of IL-1B promoter haplotypes in 433 Koreans using the three major functional IL-1B promoter SNPs (IL-1B -1464, -511, and -31) and compared the results with those in Caucasians. The difference in IL-1B promoter haplotype frequency between Korean and Caucasian populations was statistically significant. The potentially more inflammatory haplotypes had higher frequencies in Koreans when compared with Caucasians. These Korean haplotype data will be useful for future association studies between IL-1B SNPs and disease risk.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.394-396
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• 2009

Cerebral embolic infarction is the most common neurologic complication of cardiac myxoma (CM). Development of cerebral aneurysms in CM is very rare. We present a 64-year-old woman with acute cerebral infarction and multiple cerebral aneurysms complicated by CM. The aneurysms were multiple, fusiform-shaped, and located in distal branch of major cerebral arteries. The serum interleukin (IL)-6 was highly elevated, which was normalized after surgical resection of CM. There was no regression of aneurysms on follow-up neuroimaging. Multiple cerebral aneurysms in CM are rare condition. Highly elevated serum IL-6 may be associated with increased risk of cerebral aneurysmal formation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2011

Glycate화된 단백질이 혈관질환의 발생에 관여하는지 알아보기 위하여 glycated albumin (GA)이 혈관평활근 세포에서 인터루킨-6 발현에 영향을 주는지 조사하고 또한 그 기전을 구명하였다. GA에 노출된 혈관평활근세포에서 인터루킨-6 transcript가 증가하고, 인터루킨-6 단백질의 분비가 증가하고, 또한 인터루킨-6 유전자의 promoter가 활성화되었다. GA에 의한 인터루킨-6 유전자의 promoter 활성화는 dominant negative 형태의 Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4와 myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88)에 의하여 크게 감소되었지만, dominant negative 형태의 TLR-2와 TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-$\beta$ (TRIF)의 영향을 받지 않았다. 그리고 Extrcellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 억제 물질들은 GA에 의한 인터루킨-6의 분비 및 인터루킨-6 유전자 promoter 활성화를 억제하였다. 그리고 인터루킨-6 유전자의 promoter의 NF-${\kappa}B$-binding sequence에 변이는 GA에 의한 인터루킨-6 유전자의 promoter 활성화 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 혈관평활근세포에서 GA에 의한 인터루킨-6 유전자 활성화에 TLR-4와 ERK 및 NF-${\kappa}B$가 관여함을 의미한다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisia Capilaris Thunberg in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats. Methods : We divided lipopolysaccharide-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups. They were normal group, feed with 100 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group, feed with 200 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group and feed with 300 mg/kg Artemisia capilaris Thunberg group. They were administered for 6 weeks. We measured counts of red blood cell(RBC), the values of hemoglobin(Hb) and packed cell volume(PCV), plasma total protein concentration, albumin concentration, the ratio of albumin/globulin, the activities of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), the counts of white blood cell(WBC), the ratio of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, the concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma interleukin-6(IL-6), plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$), plasma interleukin-10(IL-10), the concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10. Results : Counts of RBC and the values of Hb and PCV, plasma total protein concentration and albumin concentration, the activities of plasma GOT, GPT and LDH showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. and the ratio of albumin/globulin was increased in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups. The counts of WBC showed lower values in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, In the ratio of neutrophils Thunberg groups. The ration of monocytes, basophils and eosinophils were below 5%, and showed no characteristic trend. The concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma inerleukin-6(IL-6) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$) showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, and the concentration of plasma interleukin-10(IL-10) showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. The concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, however the concentration of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. Conclusions : The Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups gives positive results of anti-inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) derivation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.426-429
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• 2006

The fibroblast in the periodontal ligaments received various stress. Among them, compression and tension are quite important and they are related to the remodeling of tooth and alveolar bone. We studied the change of expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In results, the relative activity of IL-6 mRNA in 2 hours after was 1.54${\pm}$0.08 and 1.00${\pm}$0.05 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). Its 12 hours after was 1.23${\pm}$0.06 and 2.78${\pm}$0.14 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). The relative activity of IL-8 mRNA in 2 hours after was 1.00${\pm}$0.05 and 0.24${\pm}$0.01 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). Its 12 hours after was 1.23${\pm}$0.06 and 0.63${\pm}$0.03 in control and test, respectively (P<0.05). The concentration of IL-6 was 1.02${\pm}$0.16 ng/ml, 0.90${\pm}$0.14 ng/ml, and 1.32${\pm}$0.12 ng/ml (P<0.05) in control, 2, and 12 hours after, respectively. The concentration of IL-8 was 2.26${\pm}$0.17 ng/ml, 1.70${\pm}$0.26 ng/ml (P<0.05), and 0.84${\pm}$0.47 ng/ml (P<0.05) in control, 2, and 12 hours after, respectively. In conclusion, the expression of IL-6 was significantly increased after the application of the static compressive force, but IL-8 was significantly decreased. Considering their known function, their expression is quite important in tooth and bone resorption.