• The Mathematical Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.33-35
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• 1979

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2008

Objective: There is increasing evidence that chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is recognized to be a local inflammatory disease, and there is substantiating evidence to support the role of the inflammatory responses in its pathogenesis, and clinical value in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Prunella vulgaris has been traditionally used in treatment of inflammatory diseases, including of scrofula, goiter, and allergy diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of Prunella vulgaris on inflammatory cytokines and cytopathological alternation in the rat model of non-bacterial prostatitis induced by castration and $17{\beta}-estradiol$ treatment. Methods: Two-month-old rats were treated with $17{\beta}-estradiol$ after castration for induction of experimental non-bacterial prostatitis, which is similar to human chronic prostatitis in histopathological profiles. Prunella vulgaris as an experimental specimen, and testosterone as a positive control, were administered orally. The prostates were evaluated by histopathological parameters including the epithelial score and epithelial-stromal ratio for glandular damage, and the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes including the interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-5, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$. Results: While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation, the rats treated with Prunella vulgaris showed a diminished range of tissue damage. Epithelial score was improved in Prunella vulgaris over that of the control (P<0.05). The epithelial-stromal ratio was lower with Prunella vulgaris when compared to that of the control (P<0.05). In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of inflammatory cytokine genes, Prunella vulgaris inhibited the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ genes, while it modulated the expression of IL-5, which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Prunella vulgaris may protect the glandular epithelial cells and also inhibit stromal proliferation in association with the immune modulation including the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokine. From theses results, we suggest that Prunella vulgaris could be a useful remedy agent for treating chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.667-676
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• 2005

In this research, the reasonable local scour estimates considered conditions of the bed material and the flow was accomplished on two piers P14 and P17 of Il-san bridge. Especially, the Il-san bridge was located on the lower Han-river where is influenced by the tides of In-chon, and it has hydraulic condition that can cause the bridge piers local scour because of tides at ordinary times, as well as a flood. Therefore, the local scour depth has been presented influenced by the maximum velocity of the flow when a flood after construction and the tides on construction on the basis of the standards of river design and road design, furthermore, the results was made a comparative analysis. According to the results, the local scour depth on the basis of the standards of river design was higher than it on the basis of the standards of road design(SRICOS), and the local scour depth influenced by the maximum velocity of the flow when a flood after construction was determined the final local scour depth of P14 and P17 at the Il-san bridge. It was ascertained that the local scour depth did not exceed the inserted depth of bridge foundation.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2007

We investigate the Gou Gu Shu(句股術) in Hong Jung Ha's Gu Il Jib(九一集) and Cho Tae Gu's Ju Su Gwan Gyun(籌書管見) published in the early 18th century. Using a structural approach and Tien Yuan Shu(天元術), Hong has obtained the most advanced results on the subject in Asia. Using Cho's result influenced by the western mathematics introduced in the middle of the 17th century, we study a process of a theoretical approach in Chosun mathematics in the period.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 2015

House dust mite (HDM) as a major allergen and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) such as S100A8 and S100A9 trigger the pathogenesis and severity of allergic disease such as asthma. Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis is an important immune response and its dysregulation is involved in pathogenesis of allergic diseases. In this study, we examined the effects of HDM, S100A8 and S100A9 on spontaneous apoptosis of normal neutrophils. We considered the importance of the difference between in vitro and in vivo results and developed a new in vitro system consisting of a combination of immune cells and T helper (Th) cytokines. Extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), S100A8, and S100A9 inhibited neutrophil apoptosis in culture of neutrophils alone without other leukocytes. DP and S100A8 more strongly suppressed neutrophil apoptosis in combinations of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes or monocytes than in a culture of neutrophils alone. Anti-apoptotic effect of S100A9 in the mixture of immune cells was similar to that in neutrophils. DP, S100A8, and S100A9 blocked neutrophil apoptosis, regardless of pretreatment with a T helper (Th) 1 cytokine (IFN-$\gamma$), Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), a Th9 cytokine (IL-9), a Th17 cytokine (IL-17), a Treg-producing cytokine (TGF-$\beta$). These findings may enable elucidation of allergy pathogenesis due to HDM and DAMP.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1281-1287
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• 2021

Clinical and preclinical studies have reported that Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17, a probiotic bacterial strain isolated from human breast milk, reduces body weight and white adipose tissue volume. In order to further explore the actions of L. gasseri BNR17, we investigated the anti-menopausal effects of L. gasseri BNR17 in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. The serum alanine aminotransferase levels of the rats in the OVX-BNR17 group were lower than those of the rats in the OVX-vehicle only (OVX-Veh) group. Upon administration of L. gasseri BNR17 after ovariectomy, calcitonin and Serotonin 2A levels increased significantly, whereas serum osteocalcin levels showed a decreasing tendency. Compared to the rats in the OVX-Veh group, those in the OVX-BNR17 group showed lower urine deoxypyridinoline levels, lower pain sensitivity, and improved vaginal cornification. Furthermore, L. gasseri BNR17 administration increased bone mineral density in the rats with OVX-induced femoral bone loss. These results suggest that L. gasseri BNR17 administration could alleviate menopausal symptoms, indicating that this bacterium could be a good functional probiotic for managing the health of older women.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.214-223
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• 2017

Objective: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a well-known method for the treatment of infertility. The present study aimed to compare the differences between infertile women with successful and unsuccessful IVF outcomes regarding the expression of T helper (Th) cell transcription factors and a group of related cytokines before and after exposure to their husbands' seminal plasma. Methods: This study was performed on 19 couples with unexplained infertility undergoing IVF treatment. Among the studied group, nine and 10 couples had successful and unsuccessful IVF outcomes, respectively. This study was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Before seminal plasma exposure, the expression levels of T-bet (p< 0.007), $interferon-{\gamma}$ (p= 0.013), and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ (p= 0.017) were higher in the infertile women with IVF failure than in those with successful IVF outcomes, while those of GATA3 (p< 0.001), Foxp3 (p= 0.001), and interleukin (IL)-35 (p< 0.003) were lower. After seminal exposure, the expression of T-bet (p= 0.02), Rorc (p< 0.001), $TNF-{\alpha}$ (p= 0.001), Foxp3 (p= 0.02), and $interferon-{\gamma}$ (p= 0.001) increased in the unsuccessful IVF group, while the expression of Foxp3 (p= 0.02), Rorc (p< 0.001), IL-23 (p= 0.04), IL-17 (p= 0.02), IL-6 (p< 0.001), transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ (p= 0.01), and IL-35 (p< 0.001) increased in the successful IVF group. Conclusion: In summary, IVF failure was associated with imbalanced Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg responses. Moreover, our results show that seminal plasma might have a positive effect on IVF outcomes via changes in peripheral blood T cell subsets.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2012

3-Phase voltage sag compensator protects a critical load from grid sags. The paper presents an algorithm and design of 3-phase voltage compensator. Compensator algorithm consists of a 3-phase voltage sag detection, thyrister commutation method and inverter output voltage control. The compensator satisfies SEMI F47 standard and 10kW 3-phase voltage sag compensator prototype is assembled. Validity of the proposed compensator is verified by simulation and experiment.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2011

Various related factors and tissue changes in vitro and in vivo were observed to investigate the efficacy of HYBH on atopic dermatitis. The results are described below. HYBH improved the atopic dermatitis symptoms by naked eye examination, and significantly decreased dermatitis clinical index at 14 weeks. HYBH significantly decreased CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratios in PBMC by 28%, 16%, 30%, 26% and 22% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+, CD3 immune cell ratios in dorsal skin by 35.3% and 67.5% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 23% and 15% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the production rate of IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in serum by 17%, 23%, and 8.8% respectively and increased IL-17 production by 17%. HYBH significantly decreased immunoglubulins IgG1 and IgE production in serum. The results above indicated that treatment of HYBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity and immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence for broad application in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single bout of aerobic exercise affects the expression level of toll-like receptor4 (TLR4), IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) expression in rat hindlimb muscles depending on fiber types. To accomplish this, thirteen 7-wk Balb/c male mice were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The exercise protocol consisted of a single bout of treadmill exercise (inclination $10^{\circ}$, speed 17 cm/sec 10 min, 33 cm/sec 10 min, 50 cm/sec) and the animals were killed 24 hr after the exhaustion protocol. The level of TLR4, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and SOCS-3 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in soleus and plantaris muscles. A single bout of aerobic treadmill exercise increased TLR4 mRNA expression in the soleus muscle (p<0.05), whereas plantaris TLR4 mRNA expression did not change. Additionally, acute exercise led to a significant increase in IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and SOCS-33 mRNA in the soleus muscle, while transcripts of these genes were not affected by exercise in the plantaris muscle. In conclusion, expression level of several immune-related genes such as TLR4, cytokines, and SOCS-3 is regulated by acute exercise in a fiber type specific manner.