• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of non-point pollutants discharge in a small agricultural watershed during farming season. for this purpose, the Neoungchon watershed in Goesangun was selected as a typical agricultural area. Runoff and water quality data in the stream, the domestic sewage and the precipitation of the watershed were analyzed periodically from June 1 to November 6 in 2004 and pollutant loads were estimated. As a result the mean concentrations of BOD, SS, TN and TP in the stream were 3.0, 76.7, 8.7, 0.16 mg/L in rainy season and 2.4, 10.0, 3.5, 0.11 mg/L in dry season respectively. Daily discharge of non-point pollutant occurred above of 95% in rainy period. Measured pollutant loads in the watershed were $26.63kg/km^2/day$ of T-N and $0.62kg/km^2/day$ of T-P, within the range of other research results. Effluent loads based on guideline of total pollutant to stream management of MOE (Ministry of Environment) were less than delivery loads since the guideline could not reflect the agricultural practices, geomorphic and meteorological characteristics in an agricultural watershed.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1994

The effects of gonadoropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and ovarian steroid hormones on the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and its subunit mRNA levels were investigated in anterior pituitary cells in culture. LH concentration was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay and mRNA levels of u and $LH{\beta}$ subunits by RNA slot blot hybridization assay. GnRH stimulated LH release in a dose-dependent manner from cultured pituitary cells. However, the basal LH release in the absence of GnRH was not changed during the course of 24h culture, strongly suggesting that release of LH is directly controlled by GnRH. The treatment of the pituitary cells with GnRH increased $LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner, reaching the maximum with $2\;{\times}\;10^{-10}M$ GnRH while no significant increase in ${\alpha}$ subunit mRNA levels was observed after GnRH treatment. Estradiol did not augment GnRH-induced LH release while progesterone augmented GnRH-induced LH release in a dose-dependent manner at the level of pituitary. However, estradiol and progesterone increased basal and GnRH-induced $LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of estrogen antagonist, LYI17018 blocked the effect of estradiol on GnRH-induced $LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner while progesterone antagonist, Ru486 tended to block the effect of progesterone on GnRH-induced $LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA levels. It is therefore suggested that GnRH Playa a major role in LH release and subunit biosynthesis by influencing the steady state $LH{\beta}$ subunit mRNA loves and ovarian steroid hormones modulate subunit biosynthesis via directly acting on pituitary gonadotropes.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare plans prescribed to point A with these prescribed to point H recommended by ABS (American Brachytherapy Society) in high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This study selected 103 patients who received HDR (High Dose Rate) brachytherapy using tandem and ovoids from March 2010 to January 2012. Point A, bladder point, and rectal point conform with Manchester System. Point H conforms with ABS recommendation. Also Sigmoid colon point, and vagina point were established arbitrarily. We examined distance between point A and point H. The percent dose at point A was calculated when 100% dose was prescribed to point H. Additionally, the percent dose at each reference points when dose is prescribed to point H and point A were calculated. Results: The relative dose at point A was lower when point H was located inferior to point A. The relative doses at bladder, rectal, sigmoid colon, and vagina points were higher when point H was located superior to point A, and lower when point H was located inferior to point A. Conclusion: This study found out that as point H got located much superior to point A, the absorbed dose of surrounding normal organs became higher, and as point H got located much inferior to point A, the absorbed dose of surrounding normal organs became lower. This differences dose not seem to affect the treatment. However, we suggest this new point is worth being considered for the treatment of HDR if dose distribution and absorbed dose at normal organs have large differences between prescribed to point A and H.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.645-650
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• 2011

Pear cultivar 'Supergold' (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta Nakai) was originated from the cross between 'Chuwhangbae' and 'Manpungbae' with the aims of improving the fruit quality of 'Chuwhangbae' cultivar at Pear Research Station of National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 1994. 'Supergold' was preliminarily selected in 2002 and named in 2008. The tree shows a vigorous growth habit and semi-spread characters like as 'Manpungbae'. Furthermore, it has sufficient flowers and carries abundant pollen grains, so it can also be used as a pollinator. 'Supergold' is highly resistant to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) in the field condition. The optimum harvest time is around Sep. 11th, which is ahead of 'Whangkeumbae' about 5 days in the harvest period. The fruit shape is oblate and fruit skin color is greenish-white at harvesting time. The average weight of fruit is 570 g, and the soluble solids content is $13.6\;^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh is very soft and juicy, and renders good eating quality. Shelf life is about 6 months under the cold storage condition. To determine the self-incompatibility (SI) genotype of 'Supergold' pear cultivar, it was crossed with other cultivars of which SI genotypes have already known. The result of cross-pollinations of 'Supergold' with other cultivars showed relatively high rates of fruit set from 64.5% to 91.0%, except for the cross with pollens of 'Nijisseiki' that represented only 28.8% of fruiting rate. Although sometimes the stigma of 'Supergold' crossed with 'Hayatama', 'Chojuro', and 'Nijisseiki' showed malformed pollen tube tips, 'Supergold' is generally supposed to have cross-compatibility with all other pollen donor cultivars. It is considered that the S-allele of 'Supergold' is $S_3S_4$, which is based on the result of PCR-RFLP.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

Purpose: The present study was conducted to compare the centration of RGP lens on cornea when lens was fitted based on keratometric astigmatisms measured by keratometer and the lens centration when fitted by corneal topography. Methods: Thirty eight eyes of 19 male and female in their twenties were applied RGP lens with 9.9 mm of diameter by the keratometric astigmatisms classified by the measurement with a keratometer. Then, lens centrations were estimated using high speed camera and compared with the lens centration when fitted by total keratometric astigmatism using corneal topography. The relationship of the steepest location of cornea and lens centration was further compared. Results: With the rule astigmatism, lens centration was not changed even with the difference in central and total keratometric astigmatisms. When the relationship of the steepest part of cornea measured by corneal topography and lens centration was analyzed, the lens centration in vertical direction was exactly correlated with the steepest part of cornea in 52.3% of subjects. In the case of non-correlation, the steepest part of cornea was mostly upper part of cornea, however, lens centration was located on lower part of cornea. The lens centration in horizontal direction was exactly correlated with the steepest region of cornea in 65.6% of subjects. In non-correlated case, the difference in cornea curvatures between the steepest and the flattest parts was smaller than 0.05 mm in 76.9% of subjects. Conclusions: From these results, we conclude that corneal topographic patterns may more contribute the centration of RGP lens on cornea than the difference in central and total keratometric astigmatisms.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.581-594
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• 2004

CREAHS II carried out an intensive hydrographic survey covering almost entire East Sea in 1999. Hydrographic data from total 203 stations were released to public on the internee. This paper summarized the results of water mass analysis by OHP (Optimum Multiparameter) method that utilizes temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, silicate, nitrate, phosphate and location data as an input data-matrix. A total of eight source water types are identified in the East Sea: four in surface waters(North Korea Surface Water, Tatar Surface Cold Water, East Korean Coastal Water, Modified Tsushima Surface Water), two intermediate water types (Tsushima Middle Water, Liman Cold Water), two deep water types (East Sea Intermediate Water, East Sea Proper Water). Of these NKSW, MTSW and TSCW are the newly reported as the source water type. Distribution of each water types reveals several few interesting hydrographic features. A few noteworthy are summarized as follows: The Tsushima Warm Current enter the East Sea as three branches; East Korea Coastal Water propagates north along the coast around $38^{\circ}N$ then turns to northeastward to $42^{\circ}N$ and moves eastward. Cold waters of northern origin move southward along the coast at the subsurface, which existence the existence of a circulation cell at the intermediate depth of the East Sea. The estimated volume of each water types inferred from the OMP results show that the deep waters (ESIW + ESPW) fill up ca. 90% of the East Sea basins. Consequently the formation and circulation of deep waters are the key factors controlling environmental condition of the East Sea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1293-1303
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• 2006

This paper represents a comparison the difference between existence and nonexistence of soundproof trees for road traffic noise. Also we suggested that the simple equation has been derived using a single regression analysis for predicting levels of $Leq_{th}$ at a given distance from a road in terms of the flow rate, the mean speed of the traffic, and the percentage of the type vehicles in the existence and nonexistence of soundproof trees. We classified a vehicle into four and analyzed contribution rate to traffic volume. As a result, the order showed as followed: light vehicle>medium vehicle>heavy vehicle>motorcycle. However, the results of analyzing contribution rate with between traffic volume and traffic noise by the each type showed as followed; Motorcycle>Light vehicle>Medium vehicle>Heavy vehicle. This study showed that the most a lof of traffic volumes of the three vehicles(light vehicle, medium vehicle and motorcycle) and heavy vehicle were existed in 67 km/h and 61 km/h of car speed, respectively. The total traffic noise to the mean car speed decreased because of the inflow a lot of traffic volumes between 2016 and 2388 in the range of 67 km/h of light vehicle speed, in traffic composition of 4.75% heavy vehicles, and 1.11% motorcycle. the final result for this study showed that statistical paired t-test for between existence and nonexistence of soundproof trees was significant(p<0.05) and the difference between daytime and night in the location of the nonexistence of plant communities with the independent sample T-test was significant(p<0.05). However, the independent sample T-test for analyzing the variance of traffic noise between daytime and night was not significant(p>0.05).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2009

This study was carried out to acquire basic data for industrial production of Korean traditional kanjang (soy sauce). Five types of meju, $23{\times}11{\times}12$ ($L{\times}W{\times}H$, cm), $23{\times}11{\times}7$, $15{\times}11{\times}7$, $11{\times}11{\times}6$, $11{\times}11{\times}6$ (made a hole $\varphi$ 1.5 cm) were prepared. The temperature and humidity of meju preparation were $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and 40~50% respectively. The smaller size of meju, the lower free amino acid and non-volatile organic acid content of that. And, two types of meju, conventional method (CM-meju, the temperature and humidity were prepared at $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and 40~50% of relative humidity) and improved method(IM-meju, the temperature and humidity were prepared at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and 80~90% of relative humidity) for kanjang production were prepared. There was no difference of total nitrogen content and soluble nitrogen content in the size of meju. In total free amino acid content and total free sugar content, IM-meju was the higher than CM-meju. So, the quality of IM-meju was better than that of CM-meju.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.179-189
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• 1993

It has recently become possible to record electrical activity originating from abnormally conducting myocardium from the body surface with high - gain amplification and averaging technique. These signals, which result from delayed ventricular activation(late potentials), have been recorded in patients with documented ventricular tachyarrythmia. Several electrode lead system for detecting ventricular late potential were introduced. Pyramidal electrode lead system(PLS) is useful. Also interpretation of SAECG in the young could be of value in detecting those at risk for episodic ventricular tachycardia, but suffer from a lack of data in normal young people. Selection of subjects : For this study, normal healthy young adult volunteers (age: mean 24 years) were recruited from the medical students at Yeungnam University Hospital, Internal Medicine. Twenty fourths male and seventeenths female subjects were selected. All subjects had normal resting ECGs as judged from both the standard 12 channel lead and echocardiography, and none had a history of cardiovascular disease. All subjects were considered to be in good general physical condition. Signal-averaged electrocardiography : In order to obtain low noise recordings with a small number of averaging cycles, all subject ware asked to relax completely in the supine position. Silver/silver chloride electrodes were attached after the skin was cleaned with alcohol, to constitute classic flank lead system(FLS) and pyramidal lead system(PLS). Signals were recorded and processed using a commercially available microprocessor-augmented ECG cart(Marquette Electronics, USA) suitable for portable bedside recording. There was no difference between normal values, determined by FLS and PLS at high pass filtering of 25 Hz and 80 Hz, but significant, difference was found in HFLAD and RMS-40 of 40 Hz(p<0.05). These results will provide a basis for interpretations of SAECG, determined by FLS and PLS in healthy young adults with normal QRS duration.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

This study investigated anti-obesity and antioxidant effects of dietary non-fermented soybean crud residue (SCR) and fermented SCR by Monascus pilosus (FSCR) in high-fat induced-obese mice. SCR and FSCR were supplemented with high-fat diet at 2% (wt/wt) dose for 8 weeks. Both SCR and FSCR significantly lowered body weight, epididymal fat weight and weight gain rate compared to high-fat diet control (HC) group and FSCR group showed lowest weight gain rate. In addition, it was observed that serum and hepatic lipid profiles including triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were significantly improved by supplementing SCR or FSCR. Furthermore, SCR and FSCR administration showed increase of glutathione content and decrease of hepatic lipid peroxide content, serum aminotransferase activity, and hepatic xanthine oxidase activity. On the other hand, activities of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in two test groups were higher than those of HC. Lastly, in comparison with SCR, FSCR was more effective in restoring obesity-related biomarkers to normal level in high-diet induced obese mice. In conclusion, the present study indicates that FSCR could have not only anti-obese effects such as inhibition of abdominal fat accumulation, but also protective effects of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis by decreasing serum and hepatic lipid contents. Furthermore, these results suggest that experimental diets in this study could alleviate hepatic damage caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen spices (ROS) due to obesity via inhibition of ROS generating activities and induction of ROS scavenging activities.