• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.961-969
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• 2015

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)는 녹차(Camellia sinensis, green tea)에 포함되어 있는 대표적인 카테킨(Catechin)으로, 당뇨(diabetes), 신경퇴행성 질환(neurodegenerative disorders), 암(cancer), 심혈관계 질환(cardiovascular disease), 비만(obesity) 등의 다양한 임상질환에 우수한 치료효과를 나타내는 것으로 알려왔다. 본 연구에서는 EGCG가 LPS (Lipopolysaccaride)로 자극된 RAW264.7 세포의 염증억제과정에서 Nitric oxide (NO)관련인자와 사이토카인 발현에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해, NO농도, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 발현량, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 사이토카인의 발현량을 분석하였다. 먼저, EGCG (100-400 μM)를 처리한 Raw264.7 세포에서 특이적인 독성이 나타나지 않음을 확인하였으며, 이후 Raw264.7 세포에 4가지 다른 농도(0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 μg/ml)의 LPS를 처리한 후 MTT분석, NO농도분석, IL-6농도분석을 실시하여, 염증을 유발할 수 있는 최적 LPS 농도를 1 μg/ml로 설정하였다. NO농도를 분석한 결과, LPS를 처리한 그룹이 No그룹에 비하여 급속히 증가하여 63 μmol/l까지 증가하였으나 400 μM EGCG를 처리한 그룹에서만 68.2% 정도 감소하였으며, 동시에 iNOS 발현 양상은 200, 400 μM EGCG/LPS 처리 그룹에서 각각 12.3%, 17.4% 감소하였다. 또한, 감소비율에는 차이가 있었으나, anti-inflammatory 사이토카인(IL-1β, TNF-α)과 pro-inflammatory 사이토카인(IL-10)의 발현은 EGCG/LPS 처리에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 그러나, IL-6단백질과 mRNA 농도는 Vehicle/LPS 처리 그룹과 EGCG/LPS 처리 그룹에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과는 EGCG가 LPS의 자극에 의해 활성화된 Raw264.7 세포를 효과적으로 억제하는 효능을 나타냄을 제시하고 있으며, 이러한 과정에 사이토카인들이 서로 다르게 특이적 반응을 중계함을 제시하고 있다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2002

In our study, the several cytokines were determined in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Adamantiades-Behcets patients. Adamantiades-Behcets disease (ABD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder and might involve immune dysfunction. High levels of $TNF-\alpha,\;IL-1\beta$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ indicate the activation of inflammatory reactions and immune system in ABD. Gami-Phedoc-San (GPS) is an Oriental herbal medication, which has been used in Korea for the treatment of ABD. GPS (1 mg/ ml) significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, $TNF-\alpha\;and\;IL-1\beta$, compared to absence of GPS (by $50.5{\pm}1.9%$ inhibition for $TNF-\alpha$ and $106.9{\pm}16.8%$ for $IL-1\beta$). GPS also inhibited the production of $IFN-\gamma$, immunoregulatory Th1 cytokine, by $78.4{\pm}2.8%$. The inhibitory effects of GPS on cytokine secretion showed dose-dependent manner, and the pre-treatment of 1 mg/ml GPS had better effects than immunosuppressive drug for treatment of ABD, cyclosporin A. Our results suggest that GPS treatment for ABD patients might have pharmacological activity of immune and inflammatory responses through the cytokine modulation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1401-1408
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• 2021

This study examined whether the oral administration of low-molecular-weight collagen peptide (LMCP) containing 3% Gly-Pro-Hyp with >15% tripeptide (Gly-X-Y) content could ameliorate osteoarthritis (OA) progression using a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of induced OA and chondrocytes isolated from a patient with OA. Oral LMCP administration (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks ameliorated cartilage damage and reduced the loss of proteoglycan compared to the findings in the ACLT control group, resulting in dose-dependent (p < 0.05) improvements of the OARSI score in hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Safranin O staining. In micro-computed tomography analysis, LMCP also significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the deterioration of the microstructure in tibial subchondral bone during OA progression. The elevation of IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations in synovial fluid following OA induction was dose-dependently (p < 0.05) reduced by LMCP treatment. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry illustrated that LMCP significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated type II collagen and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase-13 in cartilage tissue. Consistent with the in vivo results, LMCP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mRNA expression of COL2A1 and ACAN in chondrocytes isolated from a patient with OA regardless of the conditions for IL-1β induction. These findings suggest that LMCP has potential as a therapeutic treatment for OA that stimulates cartilage regeneration.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Silkworm pupal extracts (SPE) were prepared in different solvents (water, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% ethanol) and their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in the RAW264.7 cell line. The SPE composition was initially evaluated by determining the protein content and performing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The protein content of the different SPE ranged from 6.75-130.93 mg/g of extract. FTIR analysis exhibited distinguishable absorption peaks among the extracts and indicated the presence of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid moieties. The levels of released nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were only attenuated by 100% ethanolic SPE to 19.44% and 16.77%, respectively. The other solvent extracts were ineffective. Hence, further studies were conducted with 100% ethanolic SPE from three distinct stages of male and female silkworm pupae belonging to four silkworm varieties (Baegokjam; B, GoldenSilk; G, Juhwangjam; J, and YeonNokjam; Y). The best reduction in NO release and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression levels was achieved by the SPE of early female pupae belonging to the Baegokjam variety (32.72%) and those of early female pupae belonging to the Baegokjam and GoldenSilk (59.93%) varieties, respectively. The best reduction in IL-6 expression by 49.70% was achieved by SPE from female pupae of the mid-pupal stage belonging to the Baegokjam variety.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disease, results from dysregulation of the immune responses. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacillus, alleviate IBD through immunomodulation. In this study, the anti-colitis effect of LAB isolated from human breast milk was investigated in a mouse model induced acute colitis with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS remarkably increased weight loss, colon shortening, and colonic mucosal proliferation, as well as the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β. Oral administration of LAB isolated from human breast milk resulted in a reduction in TNBS-induced colon shortening, as well as induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, LAB suppressed inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and thus showed an effect of suppressing the level of inflammation induced by TNBS. Furthermore, LAB alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and inhibited intestinal permeability by increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction protein including ZO-1. Collectively, these results suggest that LAB isolated from human breast milk can be used as a functional food for colitis treatment by regulating NF-κB signaling, gut microbiota and increasing expression of intestinal tight junction protein.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2023

Objectives : Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (BCL), a traditional herbal medicine, is a distilled product of condensation from the burning of fresh bamboo stems. We previously identified the anti-oxidant capacity of BCL in hepatocytes and suggested that BCL is a promising therapeutic candidate for treating oxidative stress-induced hepatocellular damage. Despite the importance of the role played by Kupffer cells in liver disease, the efficacy of BCL on Kupffer cells is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether BCL could suppress LPS-induced inflammation and LPS+ATP-induced inflammasomes in Kupffer cells. Methods : We used ImKCs, a murine immortalized Kupffer cell line to examined whether BCL inhibited LPS-induced inflammation response and oxidave stress. And, we prepared a total of 18 L of BCL, purchased from Bamboo Forest Foods Co., Ltd. (648 Samdari, Damyang-eup, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea), was concentrated using a decompression concentrator. Result : The LPS-induced release of inflammatory cytokines was abolished by BCL treatment. Also, BCL treatment suppressed the LPS+ATP-induced expression of inflammasome proteins (NLRP3, IL-1, and IL-18), and inhib β ited the release of IL-1 . BCL decreased LPS-or LPS+ATP-induc β ed reactive oxygen species production. In addition, BCL increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the expression of HO-1 in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion : These results suggest the efficacy of BCL with respect to its anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammasome effects mediated by Nrf2 in Kupffer cells.

• 셀메드
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.14.1-14.5
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• 2016

Taemyeongcheong (TMC) is Korean traditional extracted drink with various health ingredients. TMC has been used to treat hepatic damage, obesity, gastritis, and colitis. However, the role of TMC on allergic reaction has not been studied yet. In this study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of TMC against a compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction and IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). TMC significantly inhibited the compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction and IgE-mediated PCA reaction. Furthermore, TMC reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-13, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the serum of mice under PCA reaction. Taken together, these results suggest that TMC can play a useful role as an anti-allergic agent.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1670-1674
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• 2007

Addition reactions of anilines (XC6H4NH2) to β-nitrostilbene (YC6H4CH=C(NO2)C6H4Y') have been investigated in acetonitrile at 30.0 oC. The magnitude of βX values (=0.11-0.34) indicates relatively earlier transition state for additions with anilines than with benzylamines. The signs of ρY and ρY' are positive with Δρ = ρY?ρY' = 0.04, demonstrating a TS imbalance with a negative charge development on the Cβ in the TS. The signs of cross-interaction constants ρXY (<0), ρXY' (<0) and ρYY' (>0) are consistent with bond forming and breaking processes. The relatively weak normal kinetic isotope effects involving deutarated nucleophiles, kH/kD>1, suggest an early, hydrogen-bonded, 4-member cyclic TS.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2017

Murine macrophage cell line인 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 참당귀(AG), 중국당귀(AS), 일당귀(AA)를 6시간과 24시간을 반응시킨 뒤 시간별로 나타나는 inflammation 반응을 확인하고자 하였다. LPS-induced RAW 264.7 대식세포에 AG, AS, AA를 6시간 반응 시킨 경우 $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, iNOS의 mRNA 발현량을 증가시켰고, AA에서 더 높은 Anti-inflammatory effect를 확인하였다. AG, AS, AA가 RAW 264.7 대식세포의 cell viability에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 MTS Assay(24시간)를 수행한 결과 $1,600{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 모두 증가시켰다. AG, AS, AA가 LPS를 처리하지 않은 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 6시간동안 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과 AG와 AA를 $200{\mu}g/ml$ 농도로 처리한 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, iNOS의 발현이 증가되었다. 이 연구를 통해 AG, AS, AA는 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 LPS를 처리하였을 때 inflammation 반응을 촉진하며, 24시간 뒤 inflammation의 억제를 유도한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 향후 참당귀, 중국당귀, 일당귀 열수 추출물이 대식세포의 다양한 염증 반응 메커니즘에 미치는 작용을 확인하는 연구가 필요하다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2023

석곡의 줄기는 전통 동양의학에서 위를 보하고, 진액을 보충하며, 열을 내리는 것에 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 RBL-2H3 세포에서 비만세포 탈과립과 TNF-α, IL-4, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) 발현에 미치는 석곡 열수추출물(DME)의 효과를 조사하였다. DME는 PMA와 Calcium ionophore 병행처리(PMACI)에 의해 유도되는 β-hexosaminidase 분비와 TNF-α, IL-4, HDC 발현을 현저히 억제하였다. 또한 PMACI에 의해 유도되는 NF-κB, AP-1 활성과 p38 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)과 c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)의 인산화가 DME 전처리에 의해 저해되었다. 이러한 결과들은DME가 비만세포 탈과립을 억제하고, MAPKs/NF-κB/AP-1 신호전달 경로를 통해 TNF-α, IL-4, HDC 발현을 억제한다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구결과들로 보아 DME는 과민반응과 염증성 질환을 치료하는 약물로 개발될 가능성을 가지는 것으로 사료된다.