• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.190-201
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• 2003

Object : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Chungganhaeju-tang (Qingganjiejiu-tang) on cytotoxicity, growth inhibition, apoptosis and expression of cytokine in damaged HepG2 cells. Method : Toxicity on HepG2 cell induced by ethanol and acetaldehyde was measured for viability, cell growth, DNA replication and generation of apoptosis and cytokine. The recovery of the cell activity by Chungganhaeju-tang was estimated for the measured parameters using PCR with different cycle numbers, DNA gel-electrophoresis, and densitometric analysis, Results : Chungganhaeju-tang improves the recovery of HepG2 cells damaged by ethanol or acetaldehyde. The suppressed DNA synthesis of the cell damaged by ethanol or acetaldehyde is improved by Chungganhaeju-tang. A liver-protection effect was shown by the reduction of apoptosis and $TNF-{\alpha},{\;}IL-1{\beta}$ expressions that are induced by ethanol or acetaldehyde. Conclusion : The result indicates that Chungganhaeju-tang reduces toxicity induced by ethanol or acetaldehyde and recovers damaged liver function.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 1974

Nine benzoxazolin-2-thione derivatives were sunthesized as the potential antimicrobial substances. These compounds were tested for the antimicrobial activities using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by way of tube dilution method. The three compounds of I, II and VII omjoboted the growth of S.aureus at the concentration of 1${\mu}$g/ml, and III,VI,VIII and IX exhibited considerable antimicrobial activities against S. aureus at the concentration of 10.m.u.g/ml. As to the growth of E. Coli, VII VII and VIII inhibited at the concentration of 1${\mu}$g/,l. II,III and IV exhibited considerable antimicrobial activities against E. coli at the concentration of 10${\mu}$g/ml.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.513-523
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• 2010

Cytokines that bind to and signal through the gp130 co-receptor subunit include interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and ciliary neutrophic factor (CNTF). Apart from contributing to inflammation, gp130 signalling cytokines also function in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Expression of each of these cytokines and their ligand-specific receptors is observed in bone and joint cells, and bone-active hormones and inflammatory cytokines regulate their expression. gp130 signalling cytokines have been shown to regulate the differentiation and activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes. Furthermore, cytokine and receptor specific gene-knockout mouse models have identified distinct roles for each of these cytokines in regulating bone resorption, bone formation and bone growth. This review will discuss the current models of paracrine and endocrine actions of gp130-signalling cytokines in bone remodelling and growth, as well as their impact in pathologic bone remodelling evident in periodontal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthropathies and osteoarthritis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.382-392
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effects of dietary anticoccidial drugs plus antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on parameters of immunity in commercial broiler chickens. Day-old chicks were raised on used litter from a farm with endemic gangrenous dermatitis to simulate natural pathogen exposure and provided with diets containing decoquinate (DECX) or monensin (COBN) as anticoccidials plus bacitracin methylene disalicylate and roxarsone as AGPs. As a negative control, the chickens were fed with a non-supplemented diet. Immune parameters examined were concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated spleen cell proliferation, intestine intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) and spleen cell subpopulations, and cytokine/chemokine mRNA levels in IELs and spleen cells. ConA-induced proliferation was decreased at 14 d post-hatch in DECX-treated chickens, and increased at 25 and 43 d in COBN-treated animals, compared with untreated controls. In DECX-treated birds, increased percentages of $MHC2^+$ and $CD4^+$ IELS were detected at 14 d, but decreased percentages of these cells were seen at 43 d, compared with untreated controls, while increased $TCR2^+$ IELs were evident at the latter time. Dietary COBN was associated with decreased fractions of $MHC2^+$ and $CD4^+$ IELs and reduced percentages of $MHC2^+$, $BU1^+$, and $TCR1^+$ spleen cells compared with controls. The levels of transcripts for interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17F, IL-13, CXCLi2, interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), and transforming growth factor${\beta}$4 were elevated in IELs, and those for IL-13, IL-17D, CXCLi2, and IFN-${\gamma}$ were increased in spleen cells, of DECX- and/or COBN-treated chickens compared with untreated controls. By contrast, IL-2 and IL-12 mRNAs in IELs, and IL-4, IL-12, and IL-17F transcripts in spleen cells, were decreased in DECX- and/or COBN-treated chickens compared with controls. These results suggest that DECX or COBN, in combination with bacitracin and roxarsone, modulate the development of the chicken post-hatch immune system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.25-35
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• 2001

This study aims to find out the growth characteristics of riparian plants on the artificial floating islands (AFI). Three types of experiments were performed. The vegetation growth were compared by the plant-supporting materials; natural cotton mat, coir mat on the AFI or in the water, and natural soil at the waterfront. Major findings are; 1. The survival rate of riparian plants was 100% on both coir-mat and cotton-matislands, which implies that we may substitute cheaper cotton for expensive coir-mat. 2. Both natural cotton mat and coir mat were good for the growth of plants. Especially, the natural cotton mat was good for Sparganium stoloniferum and Miscanthus sacchariflorus, and the coir mat was good for Typha latifolia. 3. The growth rate of stem and root showed difference between the stem-removed plants and stem-remaining plants. As a whole, the growth rate of stem-removed plants was bigger than the one of stem-remaining plants. 4. The growth rate of plants showed difference between those grown on the AFI and those grown in the water. The growth rate of plant on the AFI was bigger than the one in the water. 5. The growth rate of plants on the AFI was bigger than the one on the natural soil at the waterfront.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.518-528
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• 1995

The immunohistochemical study has been performed on the distribution of receptors for various growth factors in the newly forming granulation tissues following the guided tissue regeneration procedures. Two specimens from 2 different patients were collected from the newly forming granulation tissues at 2 weeks following GTR procedures using Gore-tex menbrane and rubber dam, respectively. For immunohistochemical localization of each recptor, anti-platelet-derived growth factor $receptor-{\alpha}$, anti-platelet-derived growth factor $receptor-{\beta}$. anti-insulin-like growth factor receptor, anti-basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, anti-transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ receptor and anti-fibronectin receptor were incubated onto the specimens as primary antibodies. After the reaction, FITC-conjugated second antibodies have been applied. When the total numbers of immunoreactive cells and the true positive cells were counted, there were high variability among receptors tested in the present study. The mean number of immunoreactive cells were highest in the case for anti-IFG-1 receptor. However the number of true positive cells were highest in the case for $TGF-{\beta}$ receptor. The present investigation indicated that the receptor for $TGF-{\beta}$ were stongly expressed in the newly forming granulation tissues following the guided tissue regeneration therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.379-383
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• 2014

Recombinant growth hormone (GH) is an effective treatment for short children who are born small for gestational age (SGA). Short children born SGA who fail to demonstrate catch-up growth by 2-4 years of age are candidates for GH treatment initiated to achieve catch-up growth to a normal height in early childhood, maintain a normal height gain throughout childhood, and achieve an adult height within the normal target range. GH treatment at a dose of $35-70{\mu}g/kg/day$ should be considered for those with very marked growth retardation, as these patients require rapid catch-up growth. Factors associated with response to GH treatment during the initial 2-3 years of therapy include age and height standard deviation scores at the start of therapy, midparental height, and GH dose. Adverse events due to GH treatment are no more common in the SGA population than in other conditions treated with GH. Early surveillance in growth clinics is strongly recommended for children born SGA who have not caught up. Although high dose of up to 0.067 mg/kg/day are relatively safe for short children with growth failure, clinicians need to remain aware of long-term mortality and morbidity after GH treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2006

Purpose : This study examined effects of Paljin-tang on endometriosis. Methods : Sugically induced endometriosis in rats were given an oral dose of Paljin-tang for 40 days. The size of the ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and the concentration of progesterone, estradiol, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin(IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in the blood were examined and compared with the control group. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine implants in the experimental group was much smaller than of that in the control group. The concentration of estradiol was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6 levels was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group and IL-10 level was higher in the experimental group than the control group. The progesterone, IL-2 levels were similar in the experimental and control groups. Conclusion : These results indicate that Paljin-tang reduces the size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and inhibits the growth of ectopic uterine implants. This suggests that Paljin-tang is an effective treatment for endometriosis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2006

Purpose : To observe the effect of retention enema therapy Gamihongdeung-tang on experimentally induced endometriosis. Methods : Rats with surgically induced endometriosis were administered in Gamihongdeung-tang rectally. After treatment for 40 days, the serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$),　interleukin(IL)-2,　IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine implants in the treated group was much smaller than that in the control group. The concentration of estradiol was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The IL-4, IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the experimental groups than the control groups. TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-2 levels were lower and IL-10 level was higher in the experimental groups than in the control groups but the difference was not significent. The progesterone level was similar in the experimental and control group. Conclusion : These results indicate that Retention enema therapy with Gamihongdeung-tang reduces the size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and inhibits the growth of ectopic uterine implants. This suggests that retention enema therapy with Gamihongdeung-tang is an effective treatment for endometriosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.42-49
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Red Ginseng-Ejung-tang Water Extract (ER) on cytokine production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Levels of various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-12p70, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured by high-throughput multiplex bead array cytokine assay based on xMAP (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. Results: ER significantly decreased levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-12p70, VEGF, and MCP-1 for 24 hrs incubation at the concentrations of 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.05). But ER did not exert significant effects on production of MIP-2, KC, TNF-${\alpha}$, and GM-CSF in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that ER has an anti-inflammatory property related with its inhibition of cytokine production in LPS-induced macrophages.