• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.495-497
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• 2006

Talc Printing mottle of coated paper is one of the most common and the most difficult problems in offset printing. For a high quality printing, development of new paper coating technologies to prevent print mottle is required. This research focused on improvement of printing mottle. Effects of ink dispersion and printing conditions such as nip conditions, printing pressure and printing speed on printing mottle were investigated with RI tester and IGT tester.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.987-994
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• 2007

목 적 : 본 연구는 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증을 가진 소아 및 청소년에서 흑색가시세포증이 어떤 임상적 의의를 가지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 동아대학교의료원 소아청소년과에서 한개 이상의 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증으로 진료 받았던 49명의 소아 및 청소년들을 대상으로 하였다. 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증은 고혈압, 이상지질혈증, 공복혈당장애, 내당능장애, 비알콜성지방간염, HOMA-IR 값이 3.16 이상으로 인슐린 저항성이 있는 경우로 정의하였다. 나이, 비만도, 사춘기 발달 상태, 혈압, 공복 혈장 인슐린, 공복 혈장 포도당, 경구당부하검사 2시간 후 혈장 포도당, 간기능 검사, 혈장 지질 검사, HOMA-IR 값을 흑색가시세포증의 유무에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 32(65.3%)명에서 흑색가시세포증이 관찰되었다. 28 (57.1%)명의 환아에서 비알콜성지방간염이 관찰되었으며, 이상지질혈증은 28명(57.1%), 고혈압은 27명(55.1%), 공복혈당장애는 23명(46.9%), 내당능장애는 6명(16.2%)에서 관찰되었다. HOMA-IR 값이 3.16 이상으로 인슐린 저항성을 가진 환아는 12명(24.5 %)에서 관찰되었다. 내당능장애와 HOMA-IR 값이 3.16 이상인 인슐린 저항성은 흑색가시세포증을 동반한 중등도 이상의 비만군에서 의미있게 발생 빈도가 증가되었다(P<0.05, P<0.05). 비만도는 흑색가시세포증이 있는 환아에서 $42.4{\pm}13.0%$로 흑색가시세포증이 없는 환아의 $34.3{\pm}1.8%$ 보다 높았다(P<0.05). 흑색가시세포증이 동반된 환아에서 확장기 혈압이 높았으며($79.4{\pm}6.9mmHg$ vs $75.4{\pm}5.6mmHg$, P<0.05), 공복 인슐린($10.6{\pm}6.0{\mu}IU/mL$ vs $6.2{\pm}5.4{\mu}IU/mL$, P<0.01)은 증가되어 있었다. 흑색가시세포증이 동반된 환아에서 HOMA-IR 값($2.6{\pm}1.4$ vs $1.4{\pm}1.3$, P<0.01)이 높았으며, QUICKI 값($0.61{\pm}0.14$ vs $0.81{\pm}0.27$, P<0.01)은 낮았다. 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증을 많이 가지고 있을수록 흑색가시세포증의 발현 빈도가 증가되었다(P< 0.01). 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증이 동반된 환아에서 흑색가시세포증의 발생 위험인자를 평가하기 위해 시행한 binary logistic regression model에서 비만도와 공복 혈장 인슐린이 높을수록, 공복혈당장애가 있을 경우 흑색가시세포증의 발생 위험이 증가하였다. 결 론 : 흑색가시세포증은 비만으로 인한 대사적 합병증을 조기에 진단할 수 있는 임상적인 지표로써 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1076-1081
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• 2005

목 적 : 인슐린 저항성은 소아 및 청소년 비만증에서 내당능 장애, 당뇨병증, 심혈관계질환을 일으키는 중요한 위험요인 중 하나로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 비만증 청소년이 소아에 비해 인슐린저항성이 증가하는가 그리고 성별에 따른 차이점을 규명하며 인슐린저항성에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하고자 한다. 방 법 : 5-16세의 학생 9,837명을 신체검사하여 92명의 비만증 소아와 187명의 비만증 청소년을 선별하였고, 이들을 대상으로 당부하검사, 공복상태의 혈당, 인슐린농도, 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방의 농도, leptin, hs-CRP 및 adiponectin 농도를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 당부하검사를 통한 비만증 소아 및 청소년에서 성별에 따른 인슐린의 농도는 여자에서 인슐린의 농도가 높았다(P<0.05). 비만증 소아에서 4명(4.3%), 비만증 청소년에서 25명(13.3%)에서 내당능 장애로 나타났으며, 당뇨병으로 진단된 경우는 1례도 없었다. 인슐린 저항성은 여자, leptin, adiponectin, 중성지방의 농도와 밀접한 상관관계가 있었다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 비만증에서 인슐린 저항성은 소아보다 청소년에서 컸으며, 남자보다 여자에서 컸다. 또한 leptin 및 중성지방의 농도가 높을수록, adiponectin의 농도가 낮을수록 인슐린 저항성이 컸다. 소아 및 청소년 비만증에서 인슐린 저항성에 미치는 요인들에 관하여 좀 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2007

Gravure printing is the most useful printing process than any other engraving printing method. According to the cell which is variable size and depth, ink is transferred substrates. So, the amount of ink from cells has a great effect on the qualities of final printed products. The variables effect on the printability of final products are proportion of the width and length, the rhelogical properties, roll speed etc. However the mechanism of gravure is difficult to study scientifically because of high speed and excessively small size of the cell. To approach the mechanism we experimented the real test by using gravure printability. The condition of variables of IGT is pressure and velocity. By using Polyflow 3. 10. 0 simulation software, we built up the theoretical model under the constant variables. Then, we compared the real test with the simulation results. Therefore, it is studied the mechanism of gravure scientifically and it can be analysed the effect of the variable conditions.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2012

In the 21st century, the printing industry as well as the IT industry has made rapid development. However, despite these technological advancement in the printing industry, it is still harmful for the environment, the state regulation is insufficient. Therefore, we studied the printability for the existing heat-set web inks and the newly created phenol-free eco-inks. This ink was made by reacting rosin and unsaturated dibasic acid and ester reactant, ester reactant was used instead of phenol. Printability test were used in the IGT printability tester. Experimental conditions, the temperature $22.7^{\circ}C$, humidity 57% under conditions of 0.6cc of ink supply, the print speed 1m/sec, pressures were set at 250N. As results of this study, we were able to get the following conclusions. The properties of phenol-free ink is the same as the existing inks. So we are thought to improve some characteristics such as dispersion, able to replace the existing ink.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Offset paper printing is a promising roll-to-roll technique for color printed materials. Although it is no doubt that understanding ink transfer mechanism in offset printing process is necessary to achieve high printing quality, investing the relationship between inks and substrates at the nip is difficult experimentally due to high printing speed. In this paper, rheological behavior and splitting point of the ink at the nip is studied using package software Ployflow and Flow 3D based on Navier-Stokes equation. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ink and IGT printability tester were used for an model ink and experiment to compare with that of simulation data, respectively. As a result, higher viscosity at state flow and pressure increased ink transfer due to higher possibility of presence of cavitation at the nip and increase in covering area ratio. These results have shown good agreements with experimental data compared by measuring density of print through.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2010

Last printing market is changing to high-quality color prints for web offset printing. But, color image reproduction based on the relative sheet-ped printing compared to the way, web offset printing are falling. Moreover, it's difficult to maintain the quality of the web offset print. The reason is the worker's decision to rely on. Therefore, the quality of prints was no difference in uniformity and objectivity. We have thought the reason, that the physical properties of inks such as fluidity, viscosity and tack. In addition, varies depending on the physical properties of paper, such as thickness, smoothness, roughness and porosity. Therefore, we studied the properties of ink and paper on the relations between the properties used IGT printability tester. This study of domestic web offset printing inks and papers on the relationship between physical properties and printability were studied. So, to improve printability will be used as the basis resources for web offset printing.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2010

Ever since the introduction of offset lithography, an operator have looked for ways to improve the process by reducing need for dampening solution. Lithography like off-set printing is processed using the repellent properties between water and oil, so all inks for lithography printing must work with dampening solution. The dampening solution may cause the emulsification of ink by the printing pressure in the printing nip. Emulsified ink changed viscosity, tack and causes problems such as bad transfer, uniform density and printed mottle. For a high quality web printing, we studied the effect of emulsified heat-set web inks on the printability, such as amount of ink transfer, printed density and uniformity. For this study, we were carried out by using IGT printability tester C1. For determination of ink properties using the spread meter and Thwing Albert Ink-o-meter, and using the densitometer and image analysis for printed quality determination. The experimental results of this study, we look forward to can be used as the basis for improve of the web print quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1999

Objectives. The health examination survey was conducted in order to estimate the prevalence of major chronic diseases in a community Methods. A multi-stage stratified probability sample of 1,656 persons, aged from 20 to 69 years, was drawn out from Kuri City. All sampled persons were personally informed of the purpose, content and procedures of the survey and mobile examination center was run between 6 AM and 9 PM for the convenience of the participants. Results. 854 persons (339 males and 515 females) completed this survey with a response rate of 53.4%. Prevalent diseases in male were hypertension(19.0%), HBs Ag carrier(9.8%), impaired glucose tolerance(8.7%), diabetes mellitus(6.3%), hypercholesterolemia(3.4%), anemia(2.7%) and degenerative arthritis(2.6%) in order of prevalence rate. Prevalent diseases in female were osteoporosis(22.5%), impaired glucose tolerance(17.3%), anemia(12.8%), hypertension(12.4%), degenerative arthritis (6.6%), HBs Ag carrier(5.8%), diabetes mellitus(5.4%) and hypercholesterolemia(3.5%) in order of prevalence rate. Conclusions. This results suggest that hypertension was most prevalent in adult male whereas diabetes mellitus including IGT, osteoporosis were most prevalent in adult female, in Kuri City.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

The increasing use of newsprints in the media and an advertisement have brought the needs to improve the printing quality of the advance full-color newspaper. The printability coefficients used in this research such as Ymax for the density and Tollenaar's density smoothness constant value $\ulcorner$m$\lrcorner$ were introduced early in Europe and have been in use to control printing quality. In order to improve printing quality of domestic full-color newsprints, those printability coefficients could be used to control printing quality. This study was carried out to measure the printability coefficients of domestic full-color newspapers. Four kinds of domestic newspapers and two kinds of newspaper printing inks were tested by IGT printability tester. The printed density smoothness coefficient $\ulcorner$m$\lrcorner$ value showed good results when the samples have low porosity and roughness. The printability coefficients obtained are expected to be useful to the korean newspaper printing industry.