• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1999

인슐린 유사 성장 호르몬 1과 2 (IGF-1 & IGF-2)는 착상 전 초기배아 발생을 조절하는 중요한 요소이다. 생쥐 착상 전 초기배아에서 IGF-1의 역할에 관한 연구를 위해, IGF-1과 IGF-1 수용체의 전사물의 존재 여부를 난자와 착상 전 초기배아에서 조사하였다. 새로이 고안된 IGF-1 primer를 이용하여 난자에서 전사물을 검출하였다. 그리고, PCR 산물을 제한효소인 Msp I으로 절단하여 확인하였다. 이 실험에서 IGF-1과 IGF-1 수용체의 전사물이 난자와 착상 전 초기배아에서 모두 검출됨을 보였다. GV-난자에 다량 존재하는 mRNA는 4- 혹은 8-세포기까지 지속적으로 감소하다가 이후에 다시 증가하는 양상을 보였다. GV-난자에서 IGF-1과 IGF-lR 전사물이 존재한다는 것은 초기배아에 존재하는 전사물이 모계유래 산물임을 암시한다. 또한, 난자와 착상 전 초기배아에 IGF-1과 IGF-1 수용체 전사물이 존재하는 것으로 보아 착상 전 초기배아에서 IGF-1은 자가 분비되어 IGF-1 수용체의 신호전달 경로를 통하여 배아발생에 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1651-1657
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 C2C12 근육 세포에서 IGF-I이 세포골격 연결 단백질인 plectin과 MACF1 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 그 결과 IGF-I이 plectin 유전자의 단백질과 mRNA 발현을 증가시켰으며, MACF1 mRNA 발현을 증가시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 운동에 의해 근육에서 분비가 증가하는 IGF-I이 근육 관련 유전자들의 발현을 조절하여 근부피 유지에 영향을 미친다는 기존의 연구 결과들에서 더 나아가 골격근 구조 안정화 및 근수축 기전에 기여하는 plectin과 MACF1 유전자 발현에도 영향을 미친다는 사실을 증명하였다는데 의의가 있다고 사료된다. 향후 근수축 기전에 있어, 운동 형태, 근섬유의 종류에 따른 세포 골격 단백질의 역할 규명 및 조절자에 관한 연구가 더 수행된다면 운동이 골격근의 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대한 추가적 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

In this study, to further understand the mechanism of animal growth and to develop a miniature transgenic animal model, we constructed and tested tetracycline-inducible RNAi system using shRNA targeting the mRNA of mouse insulin-like growth factor (mIGF-1) or mouse growth hormone receptor (mGHR) gene. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of mouse liver cell (Hepa1c1c7) cells transfected with these vectors showed 85% or 90% of expression inhibition effect of IGF-1 or GHR, respectively. In ELISA analysis, the protein level of IGF-1 in the cells expressing the shRNA targeting IGF-1 mRNA was reduced to 26% of non-transformed control cells. Unexpectedly, in case of using shRNA targeting GHR, the IGF-1 protein level was decreased to 75% of control cells. Further experiments are needed to explain the lower interference effect of GHR shRNA in IGF-1 protein. Accumulated knowledge of this approach could be applicable to a variety of related biological area including gene function study, gene therapy, development of miniature animals, etc.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

IGF2 유전자는 최초로 연구된 각인 유전자이고 대부분 포유동물의 부계로부터 유전되는 각인 유전자이다. 근육성장과 지방축적에 연관된 경제 형질좌위가 2번 염색체에 위치하여 있다고 보고되었는데, IGF2-in3-G3072A가 원인 유전자변이라고 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 IGF2 유전자의 Intron7번의 세 개의 SNP (IGF2-in7-G162C, IGF2-in7-C179G, IGF2-in7-G186T)는 IGF2-in3-G3072A와 품종 별 연관불균형으로 완전 연쇄되어 있는 것을 보고 하였다. Real-time quantitative PCR 실험 결과에서 부모세대가 부계가 IGF2-in3-3072A를 가진 요크셔품종 수퇘지가 IGF2-in3-3072G를 가진 한국재래 암퇘지와 교배하여 생산한 자손(Y그룹)과 IGF2-in3-3072G 유전자형의 한국재래품종 수퇘지와 IGF2-in3-3072A를 가진 요크셔 암퇘지와 교배하여 생산된 자손(K그룹)에서 보다 등지방 조직에서의 IGF2 유전자 발현양이 낮았다. 하지만 근육조직에서는 요크셔품종의 유전자형이 IGF2-in3-3072A를 부계로 하고 IGF2-in3-3072G를 한국재래돼지품종모계로 할 때 IGF2 유전자 발현양이 높은 결과를 보였다. 이러한 연구에서 IGF2 유전자의 근육과 지방조직에서의 발현양은 부계의 유전자형에 의해 결정되며, 한국재래돼지의 높은 체지방 축적과 낮은 성장률에 관련된 특성이 IGF2 유전자 유전자형에 의해 영향을 받는다는 유전적인 근거를 제공함으로써 한국재래돼지를 상업적으로 이용하는데 있어서 IGF2 유전자를 이용할 수 있는 분자유전학적 근거를 제시하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.205-217
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• 2005

Distraction osteogenesis is a technique of lengthening bone including soft tissue by gradual separation of surgically divided bone surfaces. Although the biomechanical, histological, and ultrastructural changes associated with distraction osteogenesis have been widely described, the molecular mechanisms governing the formation of new bone in distracted bone segments remain largely unclear. However, such information has significant clinical implications because it may enable targeted therapeutic manipulations designed to accelerate osseous regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF in distraction osteogenesis according to different distraction rates in a rabbit's mandible. When twenty-four adult rabbits underwent open osteotomy between the premolar and mental foramen, an external bilateral distraction device was applied. Latency was allowed for five days before distraction. Three different distraction rates were 0.7 mm/day (A, n=8), 1.4 mm/day (B, n=8) and 2.4 mm/day (C, n=8). The distraction device was activated with the same distraction rhythms of twice a day until 4.9 mm (A & B group) and 8.4 mm (C group) length gains was achieved. The animals were sacrificed at postoperative 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The bony specimens were stained with H&E for histologic examination, and RT-PCR analysis was done for the identification of the expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF. The results obtained from this study were as follows : The 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups were shown to improve regenerative bone formation on radiographic and histologic examination. Also, TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF expression increased in the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups. But the 2.4 mm/day distraction rate group specimen was different with adjacent normal bone and hardly expressed of growth factors. These findings suggest that improved new bone formation in the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rates is associated with enhanced expression of TGF-$\beta$1, IGF-I and bFGF by mechanical tension stress. Additionally, the 0.7 mm/day and 1.4 mm/day distraction rate groups were significantly different from the 2.4 mm/day distraction rate group in the expression of growth factors. According to the above results, it seems possible to apply a distraction rate of up to 1.4 mm/day a day in rabbit's mandible. And further studies are needed to evaluate growth factors of TGF-$\beta$1 and IGF-I, which are excellent in expression.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권1호통권32호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2007

Background and Objective : Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by angiogenesis. It has been reported that growth factor as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II are overexpressed in psoriatic epidermis. This stydy was carried out for whether SB extracts have an anti-angiogenic effect for angiogenic factor. Method : To investigate the inhibitory effect of VEGF expression by the SB extracts, we performed MTS assay, western blots using HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were pretreated with SB extracts for 1 hour followed by treatment with IGF-II. Result : SB extracts significantly reduced IGF-II induced HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ protein level via p53 and MAPK pathway in HaCaT cells. Also, SB extracts inhibited IGF-II induced VEGF mRNA and protein expression levels in the HaCaT keratinocytes. Conclusion : These results suggest that inhibition of HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ and VEGF expressions by SB extracts contributes to the anti-angiogenic effects.

• 대한약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약리학회 2006년도 58th Annual Meeting of The Korean Society of Pharmacology
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• pp.58-58
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• 2006

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.242-250
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 C2C12 근육 세포에서 IGF-I이 리간드 비의존적으로 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 그 결과 IGF-I 이 리간드 비의존적으로 엔드로젠 수용체의 coactivator인 GRIP-1, SRC-1, ARA70 유전자들의 단백질과 mRNA 발현을 증가시켰으며, p38 MAPK와 ERK1/2 신호전달 경로 억제제인 SB203580과 PD98059를 IGF-I과 함께 처리한 결과 IGF-I에 의한 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 유전자 발현의 증가를 감소시켰음을 알 수 있었다. 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator가 엔드로젠 물질이 없이도 IGF-I에 의해 발현이 증가하였다는 사실은 운동에 의해 근육에서 분비가 증가하는 IGF-I이 리간드 비의존적으로 근육 세포에서 엔드로젠 수용체 활성화 안정에 기여하는 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator를 활성화 시킬 수 있다는 사실을 증명 하였다는데 의의가 있다고 사료된다. 또한, IGF-I의 하부신호전달 경로로 잘 알려진 p38 MAPK와 ERK1/2 신호전달 경로를 차단하였을 때는 발현이 억제되었는데 이를 통해 IGF-I이 근육세포 내에서 p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 경로를 통해 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 발현에 중요한 역할을 한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 근육에서 중요한 기능을 담당하는 IGF-I이 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 유전자 발현을 조절하는 기능이 있으며 이러한 IGF-I에 의한 리간드 비의존적인 엔드로젠 수용체 coactivator 유전자 발현 조절에 있어 p38 MAPK와 ERK1/2는 필수적인 신호전달 경로임을 확인하였다는 데서 그 의의가 있다고 할 수 있겠다. 향후 다양한 성장인자들에 의한 coactivator 발현에 관한 연구를 비롯하여, corepressor의 발현 억제 기능 및 신호전달 경로에 관한 연구가 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2010

Growth hormone (GH) is known as one of the main osmoregulators in euryhaline teleosts during seawater (SW) adaptation. Many of the physiological actions of GH are mediated through insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and the GH/IGF-I axis is associated with osmoregulation of fish during SW acclimation. However, little information is available on the response of fish IGF-II to hyperosmotic stress. Here we present the first cloned IGF-I and IGF-II cDNAs of marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, and an analysis of the molecular characteristics of the genes. The marine medaka IGF-I cDNA is 1,340 bp long with a 257-bp 5' untranslated region (UTR), a 528 bp 3' UTR, and a 555-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a propeptide of 184 amino acid (aa) residues. The full-length marine medaka IGF-II cDNA consists of a 639 bp ORF encoding 212 aa, a 109 bp 5' UTR, and a 416 bp 3' UTR. Homology comparison of the deduced aa sequences with other IGF-Is and IGF-IIs showed that these genes in marine medaka shared high structural homology with orthologs from other teleost as well as mammalian species, suggesting high conservation of IGFs throughout vertebrates. The IGF-I mRNA level increased following transfer of marine medaka from freshwater (FW) to SW, and the expression level was higher than that of the control group, which was maintained in FW. This significantly elevated IGF-I level was maintained throughout the experiment (14 days), suggesting that in marine medaka, IGF-I is deeply involved in the adaptation to abrupt salinity change. In contrast to IGF-I, the increased level of marine medaka IGF-II mRNA was only maintained for a short period, and quickly returned a level similar to that of the control group, suggesting that marine medaka IGF-II might be a gene that responds to acute stress or one that produces a supplemental protein to assist with the osmoregulatory function of IGF-I during an early phase of salinity change.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Fish shows great difference in growth rate between individuals during larval development and early growth. This difference seriously reduces the production efficiency in fish culture. Growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system is said to play some pivotal roles in fish growth. In this study, we investigated differences of GH, IGF1 and GHR gene expressions in juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) with different growth performance. Red spotted groupers were reared under the same environmental condition (water temperature $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, natural light) for 96 days after hatching. They were divided into 3 groups by size (fast growing, middle growing and slow growing groups: FGG, MGG, and SGG, respectively). RNA was extracted from the brain, liver and muscle tissues from each group, and target gene expression was examined by real-time PCR. In the brain with pituitary gland, expression of GH gene in FGG was significantly higher than the expression in SGG, but the expression of IGF1 and GHR genes in the muscle was highest in SGG. Difference of GHR and IGF1 mRNA in the liver between groups with different growth performance was less clear than that in other tissues, although level of IGF1 mRNA was higher in SGG than in MGG. These results suggest that hormonal governing of growth is not the same in fast growing and slow growing fish, and size grading could cause a shift of hormonal state and growth pattern in this species.