• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2009

Many biological systems are regulated by an intricate set of feedback loops that oscillate with a circadian rhythm of roughly 24 h. This circadian clock mediates an increase in body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and cortisol secretion early in the day. Recent studies have shown changes in the amplitude of the circadian clock in the hearts and livers of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. It is therefore important to examine the relationships between circadian clock genes and growth factors and their effects on diabetic phenomena in animal models as well as in human patients. In this study, we sought to determine whether diurnal variation in organ development and the regulation of metabolism, including growth and development during the juvenile period in rats, exists as a mechanism for anticipating and responding to the environment. Also, we examined the relationship between changes in growth factor expression in the liver and clock-controlled protein synthesis and turnover, which are important in cellular growth. Specifically, we assessed the expression patterns of several clock genes, including Per1, Per2, Clock, Bmal1, Cry1 and Cry2 and growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and -2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Growth factor and clock gene expression in the liver at 1 week post-induction was clearly increased compared to the level in control rats. In contrast, the expression patterns of the genes were similar to those observed after 5 weeks in the STZ-treated rats. The increase in gene expression is likely a compensatory change in response to the obstruction of insulin function during the initial phase of induction. However, as the period of induction was extended, the expression of the compensatory genes decreased to the control level. This is likely the result of decreased insulin secretion due to the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas by STZ.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1345-1354
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes that play important roles in skeletal muscle development in ducks. Methods: In this study, we investigated the transcriptional sequencing of embryonic pectoral muscles from two specialized lines: Liancheng white ducks (female) and Cherry valley ducks (male) hybrid Line A (LCA) and Line C (LCC) ducks. In addition, prediction of target genes for the differentially expressed mRNAs was conducted and the enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes signaling pathways were further analyzed. Finally, a protein-to-protein interaction network was analyzed by using the target genes to gain insights into their potential functional association. Results: A total of 1,428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 762 being up-regulated genes and 666 being down-regulated genes in pectoral muscle of LCA and LCC ducks identified by RNA-seq (p<0.05). Meanwhile, 23 GO terms in the down-regulated genes and 75 GO terms in up-regulated genes were significantly enriched (p<0.05). Furthermore, the top 5 most enriched pathways were ECM-receptor interaction, fatty acid degradation, pyruvate degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Finally, the candidate genes including integrin b3 (Itgb3), pyruvate kinase M1/2 (Pkm), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi), GABA type A receptor-associated protein-like 1 (Gabarapl1), and thyroid hormone receptor beta (Thrb) showed the most expression difference, and then were selected to verification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result of qRT-PCR was consistent with that of transcriptome sequencing. Conclusion: This study provided information of molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental differences in skeletal muscles between specialized duck lines.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2009

This experiment was investigated the effects of fresh and ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts on hair growth activity, and its fractions(chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions) obtained from fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma on hair growth activity of the normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model of C57BL/6N mice for 16 days. The results were as follows: In fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area(100%) all the normal mice in whose hair had been clipped on 16th days. In ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area in 25% of normal mice in whose hair had been clipped on 16th days. But in control group, hair growth effect was observed in a part of whole skin area in 25% of normal mice. In fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair follicles of middle stage of anagen phase was observed and it were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the mice on 10th day. But in ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group and control group, Most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin. The treatment of extracts of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma increased the expression of TGF-$\beta$(146%), IGF(107%), and prolactin(115%) in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group(100%). But expression of placenta lactogen(93%) was decreased in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group(100%). In spontaneous alopecia model, The hair growth activity of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group(100%) was observed to be strong compared with the control group(20%) on 15th day. Hair growth activity on chloroform fractions of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts was observed in whole skin area in 75% of normal mice on the 9th day. In water and ethyl acetate fractions, hair growth activity was observed in a part of whole skin in 75% and 25% of normal mice, respectively. but hair growth activity of control group was not observed. After application of fractions of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts for 10 days, hair follicles of chloroform fraction treated group was observed middle stage of anagen phase and hair follicle were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the mice. But hair follicles of initial stage of anagen phase were observed in water and ethyl acetate fractions. Most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin of control group. These experiments suggest that extracts of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity and its chloroform fractions can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2005년도 제7회 특별심포지움 논문집
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• pp.21-36
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• 2005

우리나라의 지질은 화강암과 편마암이 주를 이루나 시추공 레이다 토모그래피 탐사자료에서 이방성이 나타나는 것은 드문 일이 아니며 심지어는 결정질 암반에서 나타나기도 한다. 이방성 문제를 해결하기 위해 불균질 타원형 이방성 매질을 가정하여 토모그래피 역산 알고리듬을 개발하였으며, 이를 계속적으로 개량하여 왔다. 개발된 알고리듬에 의한 역산 결과는 세 종류의 변수, 즉 최고속도, 최저속도, 대칭축 방향의 세 종류의 토모그램으로 영상화할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 먼저 개발된 알고리듬에 대하여 논의하고, 국내에서 수행한 4가지의 이방성 레이다 토모그래피 탐사 사례에 대해 소개한다 전반부의 두 사례는 토목 구조물의 건설을 위한 지반조사의 일환으로 수행한 사례로서, 주목적은 석회암 용식공동의 탐지에 있었다. 후반부의 두 탐사 사례는 결정질 암반인 편마암과 화강암 지역에서 수행한 사례이다. 이들 4가지 사례에서 이방성을 야기하는 원인은, 화강암 지역에서 수행한 사례에서는 미세 열극이 일정한 방향으로 배열함에 있었으며, 나머지 석회암과 편마암 지역에서의 사례는 특정광물이 일정한 방향으로 배열함에 있었다 이들 이방성 토모그래피 탐사 사례에 대한 논의를 통하여, 지하 매질이 이방성을 될 경우, 이방성의 분포는 지하의 상태 변화를 이해하는 데에 매우 중요한 역할을 하며, 이방성 분포 자체가 매우 중요한 정보라는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 특히 최고속도와 최저속도의 차이를 최고속도로 정규화한 값으로 정의한 이방성 계수와 대칭축 방향은 이방성 토모그래피 영상을 해석함에 매우 유용함을 확인하였다.verlapping Rate(DOR)는 상호작용 예측 정확도의 중요한 요소임을 찾아 내었다.time을 최소화하는 동시에 클라이언트들의 제한된 에너지 소비를 최소화하는데 목적이 있다. 제안기법에 대한 평가는 수학적 분석을 통해 HIDAF 기법과 기존의 브로드캐스트 기법의 성능을 비교 분석한다.하였으나 사료효율은 증진시켰으며, 후자(사양, 사료)와의 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 거세비육돈에서 1) androgen과 estrogen은 공히 자발적인 사료섭취와 등지방 침적을 억제하고 IGF-I 분비를 증가시키며, 2) 성선스테로이드호르몬의 이 같은 성장에 미치는 효과의 일부는 IGF-I을 통해 매개될 수도 있을을 시사한다. 약 $70 {\~} 90\%$의 phenoxyethanol이 유상에 존재하였다. 또한, 미생물에 대한 항균력도 phenoxyethanol이 수상에 많이 존재할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 제형 내 oil tomposition을 변화시킴으로써 phenoxyethanol의 사용량을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 피부 투과를 감소시켜 보다 피부 자극이 적은 저자극 방부시스템 개발이 가능하리라 보여 진다. 첨가하여 제조한 curd yoghurt는 저장성과 관능적인 면에서 우수한 상품적 가치가 인정되는 새로운 기능성 신제품의 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 여자의 경우 0.8이상이 되어서 심혈관계 질환의 위험 범위에 속하는 수준이었다. 삼두근의 두겹 두께는 남녀 각각 $20.2\pm8.58cm,\;22.2\pm4.4

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) and H19 genes are mutually imprinted genes which may be responsible for abnormalities in the cloned fetuses and offspring. This study was performed to identify putative differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of porcine H19 locus and to explore its genomic imprinting in in vitro fertilized (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) embryos. Based on mice genomic data, we identified DMRs on H19 and found porcine H19 DMRs that included three CTCF binding sites. Methylation patterns in IVF and SCNT embryos at the 2-, 4-, $8{\sim}16$-cells and blastocyst stages were analyzed by BS (Bisulfite Sequencing)-PCR. The CpGs in CTCF1 was significantly unmethylated in the 2-cell stage IVF embryos. However, the 4- (29.1%) and $8{\sim}16$-cell (68.2%) and blastocyst (48.2%) stages showed higher methylation levels (p<0.01). On the other hand, SCNT embryos were unmethylayted ($0{\sim}2%$) at all stages of development. The CpGs in CTCF2 showed almost unmethylation levels at the 2-,4- and $8{\sim}16$-cell and blastocyst stages of development in both IVF ($0{\sim}14.1%$) and SCNT ($0{\sim}6.4%$) embryos. At all stages of development, CTCF3 was unmethylated in IVF ($0{\sim}17.3%$) and SCNT ($0{\sim}1.2%$) embryos except at the blastocyst stage (54.5%) of IVF embryos. In conclusion, porcine SCNT embryos showed an aberrant methylation pattern comprised to IVF embryos. Therefore, we suggest that the aberrant methylation pattern of H19 loci may be a reason for increased abnormal fetus after embryo transfer of porcine SCNT embryos.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1649-1656
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• 2015

Gene expression profiling has offered new insights into postmortem molecular changes associated with meat quality. To acquire reliable transcript quantification, high quality RNA is required. The objective of this study was to analyze integrity of RNA isolated from chicken skeletal muscle (pectoralis major) and its capability of serving as the template in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a function of postmortem intervals representing the end-points of evisceration, carcass chilling and aging stages in chicken abattoirs. Chicken breast muscle was dissected from the carcasses (n = 6) immediately after evisceration, and one-third of each sample was instantly snap-frozen and labeled as 20 min postmortem. The remaining muscle was stored on ice until the next rounds of sample collection (1.5 h and 6 h postmortem). The delayed postmortem duration did not significantly affect $A_{260}/A_{280}$ and $A_{260}/A_{230}$ ($p{\geq}0.05$), suggesting no altered purity of total RNA. Apart from a slight decrease in the 28s:18s ribosomal RNA ratio in 1.5 h samples (p<0.05), the value was not statistically different between 20 min and 6 h samples ($p{\geq}0.05$), indicating intact total RNA up to 6 h. Abundance of reference genes encoding beta-actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), peptidylprolylisomerase A (PPIA) and TATA box-binding protein (TBP) as well as meat-quality associated genes (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) were investigated using qPCR. Transcript abundances of ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT, and PPIA were significantly different among all postmortem time points (p<0.05). Transcript levels of PDK4 and PPARD were significantly reduced in the 6 h samples (p<0.05). The findings suggest an adverse effect of a prolonged postmortem duration on reliability of transcript quantification in chicken skeletal muscle. For the best RNA quality, chicken skeletal muscle should be immediately collected after evisceration or within 20 min postmortem, and rapidly preserved by deep freezing.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2008

Objectives : Effects of Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) on intellectual development and learning ability were investigated growth and intellectual impairment rat with insufficient nutrition diet. Methods : We divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups(A, B, C, D). They were normal group(A), growth deficiency rat with insufficient nutrition diet group(B), growth deficiency rat with 0.1% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) group(C) and growth deficiency rat with 0.2% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) group(D). They were administered for 5 weeks. We measured body weight, serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and thyroid stimulating hormone, RBC, concentration of Hb and PCV ratio, total WBC and its composition, the values of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities and morris water maze test in escape distance, escape time and escape speed. Results : 1. Body weight showed a tendency to increase in the Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups and 0.2% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) group showed significantly different than control groups. 2. Serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and thyroid stimulating hormone showed a tendency to increase in Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups, however these values showed no significantly different. 3. About the counts of RBC, 0.1% and 0.2% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups showed significantly different than control groups. Concentration of Hb was higher than control group in Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups. And 0.2% Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) group showed significantly different than control groups in PCV ratio. 4. The counts of total WBC and its composition showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. 5. The values of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. 6. In the morris water maze test, in escape distance and escape speed, Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups showed no significantly different than control group. But Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) groups showed the increasing tendency. Conclusions : So Kyungohkgo($Qi{\acute{o}}ng\;y{\grave{u}}\;g{\grave{a}}o$) have an effect of promoting growth of rats and might be effect to treat various kinds of growth delay in children.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2022

핵의학 검체검사는 검사 결과의 품질 보증을 위해 내부정도관리 시스템을 체계화하여 질 관리를 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 검사실 자체적인 허용 범위의 설정 시 참고가 될 수 있도록 여러 기관의 종목별 내부정도관리 및 외부정도관리의 변동계수 평균을 산출하여 종목별 질 관리 현황을 제공함으로써 핵의학 검체검사 결과의 품질 보증에 기여하고 체계적인 질 관리를 수행하고자 한다. 2020년 10월에서 2021년 12월까지 각 기관에서 시행한 42종목에 대한 내부정도관리 변동계수의 평균 및 10.0% 이상 이탈률을 구하였다. CV% 성적에 따라 상위 그룹(5.0% 이하), 중위 그룹(5.0~10.0%), 하위 그룹(10.0% 이상)으로 구분하여 비교하였고, 10.0% 이상 이탈률은 5개 이상 기관의 종목에 대해서 종양 표지자, 갑상선 호르몬, 기타 호르몬으로 분류하여 비교하였다. 2021년 1분기에서 4분기까지 28종목에 대해 외부정도관리 결과의 전체 평균 및 표준편차로 변동계수의 평균을 구하였다. 또한 2021년 상반기, 하반기 13종목에 대해 기관 간 숙련도 결과의 전체 평균 및 표준편차로 변동계수의 평균을 구하였다. 종목별로 내부정도관리 및 외부정도관리의 변동계수 평균을 비교하여 질 관리가 잘 이루어지는 종목과 관리에 주의가 필요한 종목을 비교 분석하였다. 6개 기관의 42종목에 대해 내부정도관리 변동계수의 평균을 산출한 결과 상위 그룹에 속하는 종목(5.0% 이하)은 ferritin, HGH, SHBG, 25-OH-VitD이며, 하위 그룹(10.0% 이상)은 cortisol, ATA, AMA, renin, estradiol이었다. 5개 이상 기관의 종양 표지자 8종목에 대해 변동계수의 10.0% 이상 이탈률은 CA-125와 CA-19-9가 우수한 성적을 나타내었으나, SCC-Ag와 CA-15-3 검사는 관리에 주의가 필요한 종목에 속했다. 갑상선 호르몬 7종목에 대해 변동계수의 10.0% 이상 이탈률을 비교한 결과 free T4와 T3 검사는 우수하였지만 AMA와 ATA는 관리에 주의가 필요해 보였다. 기타 호르몬 11종목에 대해 변동계수의 10.0% 이상 이탈률을 비교하였을 때 IGF-1, FSH, prolactin은 우수한 성적을 나타내었지만, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol은 관리에 주의가 필요한 종목에 속했다. 28종목에 대해 외부정도관리를 참여하는 전체 기관에 대한 변동계수 평균을 산출한 결과 상위 그룹에 속하는 종목(10.0% 이하)은 HGH, SCC-Ag이었으며, 하위 그룹(30.0% 이상)은 ATA, estradiol, TSI, thyroglobulin이었다. 6개 기관의 42종목에 대해 평가한 결과 변동계수가 3.7~12.2%로 하위 그룹과 상위 그룹이 3.3배의 차이를 보였다. 변동계수의 값이 높은 cortisol, ATA, AMA, renin, estradiol 검사들은 정밀도를 향상시키기 위한 개선 활동들이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 HBs-Ab를 제외한 41종목에 대해 내부정도관리 및 외부정도관리, 기관 간 숙련도 참여기관의 전체 CV% 평균을 산출하여 비교한 결과 ATA, AMA, renin, estradiol 검사는 높은 허용범위 설정을 권장한다. 설정된 허용범위를 기준으로 체계적인 질 관리를 수행한다면 핵의학 검체검사 결과의 정확도 및 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.417-433
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• 2006

Purpose : Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous material with many growth factors, such as BMPs, PDGF, $TGF-{\beta}_1$, $TGF-{\beta}_2$, VEGF, and IGF, facilitating bone healing process. The prominent osteoconductive activity and the biodegradable nature of beta-tricalciumphosphate (${\beta}-TCP$) for bone grafts in animal experiments have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of PRP on the osteogenesis of ${\beta}-TCP$. Materials & Methods : Two artificial calvarial bone defects were made in 32 rabbits which were divided into 2 groups. In one group of 16 rabbits, autogenous bone / ${\beta}-TCP$ was grafted on each side of cranial bone defect. In the other group of 16 rabbits, mixture of ${\beta}-TCP$ and PRP / PRP alone was grafted on each side of the cranial bone defect. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. The specimens were harvested and examined histologically and immunohistochemically by the expression of BMP2/4/7, PDGF, VEGF and $TGF-{\beta}_1$. Results : The mean volume of new bone formation was significantly higher at 4, 8, 12 weeks in autogenous graft than that in ${\beta}-TCP$. The BMP2/4 expression was significantly higher at 4 weeks in autogenous bone graft and at 4 weeks in mixture of ${\beta}-TCP$ and PRP and at 12 weeks in ${\beta}-TCP$. The expression of BMP7, PDGF, VEGF and $TGF-{\beta}_1$ showed no significant difference in autogenous, ${\beta}-TCP$, mixture of ${\beta}-TCP$ and PRP, and PRP alone during grafted bone regeneration. Conclusion : The results showed that PRP had no additional value in promoting healing process of ${\beta}-TCP$ grafts.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.610-617
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• 1995

저자들은 활동성 선단거대증과 이로 인하여 생긴 확장형 성근병증에 의한 울혈성 심부전과 중증의 심실성 부정맥이 있는 환자에 동반된 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증후군을 치료하기 위하여 4개월간 지속적 영양공급치료를 시행한 예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.