• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.545-553
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• 1999

A 474-base pair segment covering the hypervariable region of VP2 gene from six Korean infectious bursal disease virus(K-IBDV) isolates(K1, K2, SH/92, 225, 269, 310) and one attenuated IBDV(DAE) were amplified using RT-PCR, sequenced, and compared with published sequences for IBDV. K-IBDV isolates(K1, K2, SH/92, 225, 269) and foreign very virulent(vv) IBDV strains had 94.93~100% amino acid sequence similarity. K-IBDV isolate 310 and other K-IBDV isolates had 84.31~86.07% amino acid sequence similarity. Attenuated strain(DAE), like other attenuated strain, has substitution at positions 279(D to N) and 284(A to T) as well as in the serine-rich heptapeptide region. Five K-IBDV isolates except 310 isolate share unique amino acid residues at positions 222(A), 256(I), 294(I) which are not present in other standard and attenuated strains. At the two hydrophilic region, K-IBDV isolates except 310 isolate had identical amino acids comparing with Belgium vv IBDV 894VB but had four amino acid substitutions comparing with Chinese vv IBDV F9502. The SWSASGS heptapeptide is conserved in all K-IBDV isolates. The sequence of K-IBDV isolate 310 was markedly different from other IBDV strains, evolving from a separate lineage than the others. By phylogenetic analysis, Five K-IBDV isolates except 310 isolate were categorized in one group with foreign vv IBDV isolates but K-IBDV isolate 310 was categorized in a separate group which was differentiated from other compared IBDV strains.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.738-742
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• 1999

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccination on performance of broiler chicks for five weeks. Two types of poultry houses and three patterns of vaccination ($NDV^-/IBDV^-$, $NDV^+/IBDV^-$ and $NDV^+/IBDV^+$) were factorially assigned to six treatments. NDV, B1 strain and IBDV, Bursin-2 vaccine were orally administered at 5, 14 and 7, 18 days, respectively. Forty eight hundred chicks were grouped into four replications with two hundnyd hybro $\times$ hybro chicks per each treatment. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality and product index were surveyed at the end of experiment. Bursa index and IBDV antibody titer of chicks were weekly measured. Weight gain of chicks vaccinated with $NDV^+/IBDV^+$ was significantly increased compared to that of other treatments at both window and windowless poultry houses (p<0.05). Chicks vaccinated with $NDV^+/IBDV^+$ also showed significantly improving the FCR and mortality compared to those of other treatments at both poultry houses (p<0.05). The bursa indecies of both poultry houses were high from one-day- to three-weeks-old, but were low for the rest of two weeks. IBDV antibody of all chicks was detected 100% by agar gel precipitation (AGP) test at one day old, but was not detected in $NDV^-/IBDV^-$ and $NDV^+/IBDV^-$ treatments at four weeks old. However, it showed 100% in $NDV^+/IBDV^+$ treatment. Antibody titer using ELISA showed similar trend to that of AGP test. The results of this experiment confirmed that IBDV and NDV combined vaccine significantly improved the performance of broiler chicks.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.18-27
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• 1980

IBDV는 양계업이 전업화된 모든지역에서 발생하고 있다. 이 질병의 임상증상은 매우 특징적이기도 하지만 IBDV 감염시의 닭의 연령 또는 바이러스의 병원성에 따라 임상증상 업이 내과 하기도 한다. IBDV에 의한 BF의 종장이나 출혈성 병변은 감염 후 짧은 기간에만 관할되며 질병이 경과함에 따라 BF는 위축된다. IBDV는 감염력이 극히 높으며, 오염된 계분, 사료, 물 등에 의하여 전파된다. 이 바이러스는 외계 환경에 대하여 극히 높은 저항성을 갖고 있으며 Ribovirus군의 Diplorna 바이러스로서 크기는 55-60nm이다. IBDV는 계태아나 계태아 조직 또는 감수성이 있는 닭의 BF에서 용이하게 증식시킬 수 있다. agar gel을 사용한 면역 확산법은 IBDV 감염을 진단할 수 있는 가장 간편한 방법이다. IBDV에 대한 항체는 감염 후 1주일 후부터 증명되며 장기간 지속된다. 감수성 계군일 경우 높은 역가의 항체형성이나 지속은 계군의 연령에 비례한다. IBDV에 대한 모체이행 항체는 critical age때의 병아리를 야외 감염으로부터 보호하여 준다. IBDV 단독 감염에 의한 IBD 피해는 경미한 것이지만 면역부전증에 의하여 유발되는 복합성 질병인 Inclusion body hepatitis, 전염성 빈혈, 괴저성 피부염 등은 닭의 생산성을 크게 저하시킨다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2011

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious viral disease in chicken. It causes heavy economic loss by immune suppression and high mortality. The IBDV, designated Avibirnavirus in the Family Birnaviridae, has a double-stranded RNA genome formed by two segments, segment A and segment B. Segment A encodes a 108 KDa polypeptide that is self-cleaved to produce pVP2, VP3 and VP4, and later pVP2 is cleaved to VP2. The VP2 contains the antigenic regions responsible for elicitation of neutralizing antibodies and VP3 is a major immunogenic protein of IBDV. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for IBDV were produced and characterized. All 15 MAbs were specific for IBDV and did not react with other viruses used in this study. The protein specificity of MAbs was determined by comparing the reactivity patterns of each MAb with IBDV VP2 and VP234 recombinant baculoviruses and Western blot analysis. As a result, 7 MAbs (1F5, 2C8, 2F4, 3C7, 4C3, 6F11, 6G5) and 5 MAbs (2A4, 2G2, 3F5, 3G2, 4F10) were specific for VP2 and VP3, respectively. The protein specificity of 3 MAbs (2B8, 3F7, 3F8) were not determined. Five (2C8, 2F4, 4C3, 6F11, 6G5) of the VP2-specific MAbs had a neutralizing activity against IBDV. Some MAbs reacted with IBDV-infected bursa of Fabricius by indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. The MAbs produced in this study would be used for diagnostic reagents for the detection of IBDV infection.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2011

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a member of the Avibirnavirus genus of the Birnaviridae family which genome consists of two segments (A and B) of double stranded RNA. Segment A gene of KNU08010 isolate, which was isolated from a 15-day-old chicken flock in 2008, was sequenced and compared with other IBDV isolates including SH/92 strain, the first Korean very virulent (vv) IBDV isolate. The amino acid sequences of segment A gene showed that KNU08010 had 99.2% homology with SH92 strain. KNU08010 isolate had specific amino acids A222, I242, I256, I294 and S299 which are highly conserved among vvIBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of variable region of the VP2 gene of 18 IBDV strains revealed that KNU08010 was grouped with vvIBDVs and was closely related to Korean vvIBDVs isolated from wild birds.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 1999

Sequential morphologic changes in the lymphoid organs were examined after ocular and cloacal inoculation in 3weekold chicks with a highly virulent strain (SH/92) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The infected chickens were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs post inoculation (Pl), and thymus, harderian gland, ceacal tonsil, and spleen were observed. Histologically, the significant lesions were characterized by lymphocyte depletion and the earliest detectable changes were evident at 12 hrs Pl. In thymic cortex, lymphoid depletion with apoptosis and prominent "tingible body macrophages" were observed. As the infection advanced, the lesions showed more severe changes. Dying cells were characterized either by capping of nuclear chromatin (apoptosis) or by cytoplasmic swelling (necrosis). In situ staining for apoptosis, some lymphoid cells revealed typical positive reaction, even the stainability was variable depend on every lymphoid organs. These results suggest that IBBV (SH/92) cause severe damage both primary and secondary lymphoid organs, and both T and B lymphocytes. Also the lymphoid depletion of these organs is caused by necrosis and apoptosis induced by IBDV.d by IBDV.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1999

Field infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) were isolated from IBDV-suspected commercial chickens. The variable region in VP2 gene of six Korean IBDV isolates (K-IBDVs) and IBD vaccines was examined using the reverse transcriptase / polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT/PCR-RFLP) assay. With all K-IBDVs and vaccine IBDVs, a 474-bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified and tested with various restriction enzymes. Restriction enzymes BstNI and StyI differentiated K-IBDV isolates and IBD vaccines into four groups. Restriction enzyme profiles of K-IBDV isolates were different from them of IBD vaccines. K-IBDV isolates except for 310 isolate had specific SspI and TaqI recognition sites, which were recognized in highly virulent IBDVs, but IBD vaccines had no those sites. This study showed that RT/PCR-RFLP assay was thought to be valuable tool for differentiation of IBDVs and identification of highly virulent IBDV.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.215-236
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• 2017

Obtaining accurate location information is important in practical applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The distance vector hop (DV-Hop) is a frequently-used range-free localization algorithm in WSNs, but it has low localization accuracy. Moreover, despite various improvements to DV-Hop-based localization algorithms, maintaining a balance between high localization accuracy and good stability and convergence is still a challenge. To overcome these shortcomings, we proposed an improved DV-Hop localization algorithm based on the bat algorithm (IBDV-Hop) for WSNs. The IBDV-Hop algorithm incorporates optimization methods that enhance the accuracy of the average hop distance and fitness function. We also introduce a nonlinear dynamic inertial weight strategy to extend the global search scope and increase the local search accuracy. Moreover, we develop an updated solutions strategy that avoids premature convergence by the IBDV-Hop algorithm. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the IBDV-Hop algorithm achieves higher localization accuracy than the original DV-Hop algorithm and other improved algorithms. The IBDV-Hop algorithm also exhibits good stability, search capability and convergence, and it requires little additional time complexity and energy consumption.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2010

닭 전염성 F낭병 (IBD)은 닭에서 전염성이 강하고 발병으로 인하여 양계 산업에 막대한 경제적 피해를 입히는 닭의 바이러스성 전염병이다. 이 연구에서는 수 분 이내에 검사 시료로부터 닭 전염성 F낭병 바이러스를 검출할 수 있는 시판용 면역크로마토그래피법 검사 킷트를 이용하여 IBD 진단에 있어서의 유용성을 조사하였다. 사용한 면역크로마토그래피법 검사 킷트는 닭 전염성 F낭병 바이러스 VP2에 특이적인 단클론 항체를 이용하여 닭 전염성 F낭병 바이러스를 검출하도록 고안되었다. 바이러스 감염 역가를 알고 있는 IBDV를 사용하여 조사한 결과, IC 검사 킷트의 검출 한계는 $10^{3.1}$ 내지 $10^{3.9}$ $EID_{50}$/mL이었다. 이 검사 킷트는 닭의 다른 전염성 바이러스인 뉴캣슬병 바이러스, 닭 전염성 기관지염 바이러스, 조류인플루엔자 바이러스 및 전염성 후두기관염 바이러스에 대하여 비특이 반응을 나타내지 않았다. 고병원성의 IBDV를 실험적으로 감염시킨 후 3일 내지 4일에 폐사한 닭의 장기별로 조사한 결과, 모든 폐사 닭의 F낭, 장편도, 비장, 신장 시료들은 면역크로마토그래피법 검사 킷트에서 강한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 검사 시료 중 F낭 시료가 IC 검사 킷트에서 가장 강한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 폐사 닭의 간, 흉선, 선위의 경우, 각각 검사시료의 87.5%, 37.5% and 0%가 양성 반응을 나타내었다. 면역크로마토그래피법 검사 킷트에서 음성이었던 시료 중 흉선 시료 한 점을 제외한 모든 시료는 DAS-ELISA와 동일한 검사 결과를 나타내었으나, 검사 시료 중 흉선과 선위 일부에서 RT-PCR 검사에서 양성 반응을 나타내었다. 야외 IBD 발생 농장과 비발생 농장에서 수거한 폐사닭 231수의 조직을 면봉으로 도말하여 채취한 시료를 조사하여 RT-PCR법과 비교한 결과, 상대적 민감도와 특이도는 각각 100% (109/109) 및 97.5% (119/122)를 나타났으며, 두 검사 방법간 kappa value는 0.97이었다. 우리의 연구 결과는 IC 검사 킷트는 야외 양계 농장에서 폐사 닭을 대상으로 IBD를 진단하는 데 적용하기에 매우 유용하다는 것을 말해준다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2001

To detect the genetic variations among infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine strains, the hypervariable region of VP2 gene of seven IBDV vaccine strains were amplified using reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reation(RT/PCR). Ampllified PCR products of IBDV were cloned, sequenced, and compared with published sequences for IBDV. Vaccine strains (JOONG, HAN, B7, IB, BU2, G2, CIL) used in Korea and Korean field isolates (SH/92, K1, 310) had 81%(310 and HAN) ~ 98%(SH/92 and CIL) amino acid sequence similarity. Vaccine strains had 80%(HAN and IB) ~ 99%(JOONG and BU2) amino acid sequence similartiy. Intermediate plus vaccine strain, CIL was not substituted at positions 279(D $\rightarrow$ N) and 284(A $\rightarrow$ T), and conserved in serine-rich heptapeptide. At the two hydrophilic region, JOONG, IB and Bu2 strains had identical amino acid sequence comparing with STC strain. By phylogenetic analysis, JOONG and DAE strains were categorized in same group with BU2. The CIL and STC strains closely related but seperated from G2, HAN, B7 and IB strains.